Search

Abstract Background Increase in nicotine pouch (NP) users, particularly among the young, is a matter of concern requiring a comprehensive understanding of its short- and long-term oral health implications. The objective of this research was to systematically review potential oral side-effects associated with NP usage. Methods This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trial, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies up to February 2024. Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure (ROBINS-E) tool were used to assess the quality and bias of the included studies. Results Three studies were included for this review, two from Europe and one from USA, and considered of a total of 190 participants. All studies were deemed to have a high risk of bias. Participants used NP for periods ranging from 1 month to 10 years. Among these studies, only one study provided information on the usage pattern between 1 and 5 units for an average of 11 ± 7 min per session. Oral mucosal changes at the site of placement were common among NP users. Oral lesions varied from slight wrinkling to various white lesions, seemingly related to the NP units consumed per day and their duration of usage. Other oral side effects included dry mouth, soreness, gingival blisters, and a strange jaw sensation. Conclusions Research on the use of NP and its effect on oral health are currently limited. The use of NP should take into consideration the short-and-long-term effects, especially on oral health. Further studies are crucial to understand oral health implications associated with NP usage. Systematic review registration PROSPERO Registration number CRD 42,024,500,711.

Abstract Background Lip and oral cavity cancer has been reported as the 10th most common cancer in Thailand. Recently, a screening program for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer was conducted in the northeastern Thailand which took into consideration a total of 371,911 people who resided in the provinces of Buriram, Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Surin. Methods A total of 330,914 subjects were consecutively screened for risk factors of oral cancer by village health volunteers (VHVs) using a questionnaire (S1). Then, 186,710 subjects with one or more risk factors for oral cancer were referred for oral screening by dental auxiliaries or dentists at sub-district level hospitals (S2) where 86,941 subjects were subsequently screened. Afterwards, 1576 subjects with suspicious oral lesions for OPMDs or oral cancer attended local hospitals for further investigation and treatment. Oral medicine specialists, oral surgeons, and local dentists at the district level hospitals performed biopsies and the samples were sent for histopathological analysis. The objectives of the study were to report the histopathology findings from the biopsies obtained from these subjects and the associated risk factors. Results Out of 427 subjects who received biopsies, complete diagnostic results were obtained from 409 patients (462 specimens). The 5 most common histopathological results from these specimens were mild epithelial dysplasia (27.3%), fibroepithelial hyperplasia (14.5%), oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid reactions (11.5%), moderate epithelial dysplasia (8%), and acanthosis with or without hyperkeratosis (5%). Oral squamous cell carcinoma was detected in 14 subjects and 11 other forms of oral cancer were revealed. Among the analyzed risk factors, habitual betel quid chewing was established as a statistically significant risk factor associated with OPMDs and oral cancer. Conclusion The most frequently observed histopathological results of clinically suspected oral cancer and OPMDs included mild epithelial dysplasia, fibroepithelial hyperplasia, oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid reactions, moderate epithelial dysplasia, and acanthosis with or without hyperkeratosis. Betel quid chewing habit was found to be associated with OPMDs and oral cancer.

Abstract Background Patients with ocular loss tend to have physical and psychosocial difficulties. Maxillofacial prosthetic specialists involved in the treatment should be trained with competence to manage psychological complications. However, due to the multifactorial origin of the psychosocial distress, designing such training activities can be challenging. This research aimed to construct a conceptual framework illustrating the effects of ocular loss on patients’ physical and psychosocial well-being and their coping strategies, to propose the learning content of training sessions. Methods A semi-structured interview and a topic guide were employed to explore the perceptions from patients who were receiving their first custom ocular prosthesis, fabricated by maxillofacial prosthodontists. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling up until data saturation. The data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results Twelve patients participated in this research. Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Impact of ocular loss, (2) Factors influencing psychosocial distress, (3) Psychological adjustment, and (4) Expected treatment outcomes. Each theme appeared to have influence on the other, rather than presenting itself independently. Although patients with ocular loss experienced both physical and psychosocial difficulties, psychological distress was greatly influenced by self-perceived disfigurement, etiology, and social status. Therefore, they needed to develop their coping strategies including rehabilitation with ocular prosthesis. Conclusion Various forms of psychological adjustments were necessary in these patients with ocular loss to resume their daily lives. The specialist involved in the treatment should also partake in patients’ psychological adjustment and should be competent in psychological management skills, such as supporting patients to meet their expectations.

Ocular trauma can be caused by road traffic accidents, falls, assaults, or work-related accidents. Enucleation is often indicated after ocular injury or for the treatment of intraocular tumors, severe ocular infections, and painful blind eyes. Rehabilitation of an enucleated socket without an intraocular implant or with an inappropriately sized implant can result in superior sulcus deepening, enophthalmos, ptosis, ectropion, and lower lid laxity, which are collectively known as post-enucleation socket syndrome. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of post-enucleation socket syndrome with a modified ocular prosthesis. Modifications to the ocular prosthesis were performed to correct the ptosis, superior sulcus deepening, and enophthalmos. The rehabilitation procedure produced satisfactory results. Keywords: Ocular trauma, Enucleation, Socket syndrome, Ocular prosthesis