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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the evidence regarding the indications for placement of zygomatic implants to rehabilitate edentulous maxillae. Material and methods A focused question using the PIO format was developed, questioning “in patients in need of an implant-supported rehabilitation of the edentulous maxillae, what are the indications for the use of zygomatic implants’’. The primary information analyzed and collected was a clear description of the indication for the use of zygomatic implants. Results A total of 1266 records were identified through database searching. The full-text review was conducted for 117 papers, and 10 were selected to be included in this review. Zygomatic implant indications were extreme bone atrophy or deficiency secondary to different factors. The quad zygoma concept (two zygomatic implants bilaterally placed and splinted) was applied to 107 patients, the classic zygoma concept (one zygomatic implant bilaterally placed and splinted to standard anterior implants) was used in 88 patients, and the unilateral concept (one zygomatic implant on one side, splinted with one or more conventional implants) was employed in 14 patients. Conclusions The main indication for the use of zygomatic implants was considered extreme maxillary bone atrophy, resulting from many factors. The clear definition of what was considered “extreme bone atrophy” is not uniquely defined in each paper. Further studies are needed to develop clear indications for zygomatic implants. Graphic Abstract

Scientometric analysis is a useful tool that utilizes bibliometric data to measure scientific output of a disease or region in a particular field. In this report, we comprehensively provide bibliometric characteristics of all the papers on betel quid (BQ)-related cancer and precancerous lesions. There are 1403 papers on BQ-related cancer and precancerous lesions published until 2022 in the Scopus database. China (mainland and Taiwan region), India, United States, and United Kingdom contribute 1214 (86.5%) papers and 34,120 (91.9%) citations of all the papers. The number (457), citations (14,573), and h index (60) of the papers originated from Taiwan region stably remain in the first. The most frequent research keyword is arecoline, followed by drug, prevalence, metabolism, carcinogenesis, and pathology. Areca nut and BQ cessation program by Taiwan government has demonstrated a significant positive impact on oral cancer prevention. Collectively, the scientific output of BQ-related cancer and precancerous field represents distinct regional characteristic. BQ-related cancer prevention is still a long way off. Encouragingly, Taiwan region is well ahead in this way.

Abstract Background Xerostomia negatively affects quality of life. Symptoms include oral dryness; thirst; difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing food; oral discomfort; mouth soft tissue soreness and infections; and rampant tooth decay. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate if gum chewing is an intervention that results in objective improvements in salivary flow rates and subjective relief from xerostomia. Method We searched electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), Google Scholar and the citations of review papers (last searched 31/03/23). The study populations included: 1) elderly people with xerostomia (> 60 years old, any gender, and severity of xerostomia), and 2) medically compromised people with xerostomia. The intervention of interest was gum chewing. Comparisons included gum chewing vs. no gum chewing. The outcomes included salivary flow rate, self-reported xerostomia, and thirst. All settings and study designs were included. We conducted a meta-analysis on studies where measurements of unstimulated whole salivary flow rate for both a gum chewing, and no gum chewing intervention (daily chewing of gum for two weeks or longer) were reported. We assessed risk of bias using Cochrane’s RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Results Nine thousand six hundred and two studies were screened and 0.26% (n = 25) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Two of the 25 papers had a high overall risk of bias. Of the 25 papers selected for the systematic review, six met the criteria to be included in the meta-analysis which confirmed a significant overall effect of gum on saliva flow outcomes compared to control (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22—0.66; p = 0.00008; I2 = 46.53%). Conclusions Chewing gum can increase unstimulated salivary flow rate in elderly and medically compromised people with xerostomia. Increasing the number of days over which gum is chewed increases the improvement in the rate of salivation. Gum chewing is linked with improvements in self-reported levels of xerostomia (although it is noted that no significant effects were detected in five of the studies reviewed). Future studies should eliminate sources of bias, standardise methods to measure salivary flow rate, and use a common instrument to measure subjective relief from xerostomia. Study registration PROSPERO CRD42021254485.

“Chat GPT” (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based conversational LLM (Large Language Model), launched in November 2022, developed by Open AI (Open AI, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA). Chat GPT etymology is related to being a CHATBOT (a program able to understand and generate responses using a text-based interface) based on the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) architecture.1 The AI chatbots and Chat GPT are sophisticated and can respond to multiple languages.2 Globally, ChatGPT is the fastest-growing application used in internet history, with nearly 100 million users as of January 2023, and currently has roughly 1.8 billion website visitors per month.3 ChatGPT can improve the healthcare system and enhance healthcare outcomes by assisting with clinical decision support and relevant clinical guidelines.4,5 ChatGPT can be valuable for streamlining the workflow and refining personalized medicine in healthcare practice.6 It can play an essential role in medical education by providing updates on new developments in different medical fields and a tool of assessment to assess the clinical skills of medical students.7 AI chatbot can be a search engine that helps write research papers. It can be used as an intermediary in a cognition session, assisting in topic selection and reducing the time the authors spend searching for articles.8 Identifying the boundaries of ChatGPT and their significant limitations, many challenges arise for research purposes.9 Inaccuracies, transparency, and biases are issues that need to be addressed when using AI-generated text. The unethical utilization of AI technology may extend to fabricating images, which constitutes scientific misconduct.10 An issue raised by the international press recently, ChatGPT has been listed as a co-author on several papers already. Should co-authorship be assigned to ChatGPT if it drafts large parts of the research paper?11 “WAME Recommendations on ChatGPT and Chatbots with Scholarly Publications” revised and followed the proliferation of chatbots and their expanding use in scholarly publishing and emerging concerns regarding the lack of authenticity of content when using chatbots. They aim to help authors and reviewers understand how best to attribute the use of chatbots in their work and to address the need for all journal editors to have access to manuscript screening tools. According to The WAME Principal recommendation, only humans can be authors; Chatbots cannot serve as authors.12 Human authors should take full responsibility for academic work and use ChatGPT applications within acceptable standards with transparent disclosure.13 These recommendations emphasize the importance of manuscript screening tools to detect AI, guide editors on using chatbots in papers published in their journals, and assist authors and reviewers in properly attributing chatbots to their work. Embracing the potential of ChatGPT while remaining vigilant against potential pitfalls, we must collectively ensure that the synergy between human ingenuity and AI contributes positively to advancing health research. With an unwavering commitment to ethical practices and transparent communication, we embark on a journey where technology and academia converge, fostering a new era of scholarly excellence.

Abstract Oral health personnel must acknowledge the health needs of sexual and gender minorities. They should consult scientific literature to deepen their knowledge about sexuality, gender identity, general and oral health status, and treatment disparities among LGBTQIA+ people. The aim of this scoping review was to portray the development and current stage of internationally indexed literature approaching the oral health of this population. In this study, the search strategy used consisted of combinations of subject descriptors (MeSH terms), in two concept blocks: LGBTQIAP+ people and oral health. Global literature was searched through Medline (PUBMED), Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, and Scopus electronic databases, with no language or date restrictions. Records were selected and evaluated by two independent reviewers, under the supervision of three senior reviewers and the inclusion criteria resulted in 189 eligible papers. Since the first study was published in 1974, numbers increased over the decades, reaching 67 (35.4%) in 2010-2019. The most frequently studied populations were North American (42.9%) and European (19.0%) and the most frequent language of publication was English (99.0%). There were 38 open access papers (20.1%). Medical (57.7%) and dental journals (20.1%) predominated. Cross-sectional studies were found more frequently (65.1%), followed by the cohort type (11.1%). Oral manifestation of STI (58.7%) was the topic most frequently addressed. The search for literature approaching the oral health of LGBTQIAP+ people showed evidence of the need to encourage research reported in papers made easily available, with more robust scientific evidence, and on a broader scope of topics, including oral health needs and treatment, and planning of oral health services.

AbstractThe topic of fluoride release and uptake by glass-ionomer (glass polyalkenoate) dental cements is reviewed. The study was based on a literature search carried out using PubMed. The main key words used were glass-ionomer and fluoride, and further refinements were made by adding the keywords anti-microbial, anti-caries and remineralization. Papers were selected from the initial search, which concentrated on fundamental aspects of fluoride release, including kinetics and the influence of the cement composition, and resulting clinical performance against caries. Other relevant papers were cited where they added useful and relevant data. From these published papers, it was possible to explain the detailed mechanism of fluoride release by glass-ionomer cements and also its uptake. Fluoride release has been shown to be a two-step process. In neutral solutions, the steps can be divided into early wash-out and long-term diffusion. In acid conditions, the early wash-out remains, though with greater amounts of fluoride released, and the long-term release becomes one of slow dissolution. The effect of fluoride on the viability of oral micro-organisms has been described, and glass-ionomers have been shown to release sufficient fluoride to reduce the size and viability of adjacent populations of oral bacteria. The effect of low levels of fluoride on the remineralization of tooth tissue has been considered. Levels needed to increase remineralization are much lower than those needed to adversely affect oral bacteria, from which we conclude that glass-ionomers release sufficient fluoride to promote remineralization. Despite this, there remains uncertainty about their overall contribution to sound oral health, given the widespread use of other sources of fluoride, such as toothpastes.

Abstract Background The role of interdental widths and palatal morphology on the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has not been well investigated in adult patients yet. The aim of this paper was to assess the morphology of maxilla and mandibular dental arches on three-dimensional (3D) casts and to correlate these measurements with the severity of OSA. Methods Sixty-four patients (8 women and 56 men, mean age 52.4) with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate OSA were retrospectively enrolled. On each patient, home sleep apnea test and 3D dental models were collected. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were recorded, as well as the dental measurements including inter-molar distance, anterior and posterior widths of maxillary and mandibular arches, upper and lower arch lengths, palatal height, and palatal surface area. The respiratory and dental variables were then correlated. Result A statistically inverse correlation was found between ODI and anterior width of lower arch, maxillary arch length, palatal height, and palatal area. AHI showed a significant inverse correlation with anterior width of mandibular arch and maxillary length. Conclusion A significant inverse correlation between maxillary and mandibular morphology and respiratory parameters was shown in the present paper.

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the teeth-supporting tissues caused by microorganisms. Robusta coffee bean extract has antibacterial properties due to its caffeine, flavonoids, trigonelline, and chlorogenic acid contents. The robusta coffee bean extract also regulates alveolar bone healing through bone remodelling. Aim: The study aimed to investigate robusta coffee bean extract to inhibit bacterial growth and accelerate bone repair in vitro and in vivo. Methods: This study used the paper disc diffusion method with the research group of robusta coffee bean extract with concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and negative control, as much as 20 and dripped onto the disc paper then placed on the surface of the agar media that had been inoculated with bacteria. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. Twenty periodontitis rat models were given 0.05 ml of the robusta coffee bean extract on the molars and put in a periodontal pocket for seven days. Rats were decapitated, and alveolar bone tissues were stained with HE and IHC staining. The number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and BMP-2 was counted using a microscope. Statistical test with Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney showed a p-value of

This paper aims a review, the main active principles obtained from the extraction of Fructus Vinifera (grapes). Vitis Vinifera (grapes) contains several active principles, including flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, procyanidins, and stilbene resveratrol derivatives. In this review, we summarize the active constituents of grapes and their pharmacological effects, including antioxidants, anticancer, and antibacterials on the pathogen Streptococcus mutants and antidiabetics, in published experimental studies. In recent years, active constituents found in seeds, fruits, stems, skin, and grape pomace have been identified, and some have been studied extensively. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilben; RV), a food constituent found in grapes and wine, exerts a wide variety of pharmacological activities. The novelty of the paper refers to the properties of resveratrol, respectively to the action of cancer chemoprevention due to the inhibitory action of protein 1 associated with metastases (MTA1). This review seeks to provide a brief overview of pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies of grapes and their active components, in particular resveratrol.

The use of digital health technologies, including telemedicine and teledentistry, has become a necessity in healthcare due to the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic. These technologies allow for the reduction of the workload of healthcare providers and the improvement of patient outcomes in cases of remote monitoring, diagnosis, and communication. While there are no doubtful benefits, there are some counterparts, such as concerns about clinical risks, data security, and privacy protection. This paper aims to review the regulations regarding the use of digital health apps and software in healthcare. This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the five-step framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Study selection was based on eligibility criteria that were defined using the population-exposure framework. The review of the articles selected (n = 24) found that the majority focused on data security policies in the healthcare industry, highlighting the need for comprehensive regulations and app control systems to protect patient data. The articles also emphasized the requirement for more appropriate research and policy initiatives to improve data security practices and better address privacy and safety challenges related to health-related apps. The review recognized that papers did not report consistent standards in professional obligation and informed consent in online medical consultations, with potential risks for data privacy, medical liabilities, and ethical issues. Digital health has already revolutionized medical service delivery through technology but faces some challenges, including the lack of standardized protocols for handling sensitive patient data and the absence of common legislative provisions, raising concerns about confidentiality and security. To address these issues and deficiencies, regulatory compliance is crucial to clarify and harmonize regulations and provide guidelines for doctors and the health system. In conclusion, regulating patient data, clarifying provisions, and addressing informed patients are critical and urgent steps in maximizing usage and successful implementation of telemedicine.

Abstract Objectives An ideal endodontic sealer should bond to both dentin and root‐filling material. This study aimed to assess the push‐out bond strength (PBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)‐Fillapex, Endoseal MTA, AH26, and Sure‐Seal Root to root dentin after root canal drying with different techniques. Materials and Methods This in vitro study was conducted on 160 extracted mandibular premolars. After root canal preparation, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 40) of drying with ethanol, paper point, air vacuum, and control (wet canal). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 10) for use of AH26, Sure‐Seal Root, MTA‐Fillapex, and Endoseal MTA sealers. The mean PBS was measured by a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis and Games–Howell tests. Results The maximum mean PBS was equally recorded in ethanol and paper point groups, and was significantly higher than that of control and air vacuum groups (p

The maxillary midline diastema (MMD) has experienced a renaissance in popular culture over the last 10 years. Current literature states that MMDs should be eliminated where possible or be reduced to 1 mm or less in width. This literature review explores the evidence for this in a West African population. A systematic search of the literature (Medline and Google Scholar) followed by a hand search was carried out to identify all papers evaluating perceptions of MMDs. In all, 209 papers were identified in the literature search, 8 of which met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed that midline diastemas are desirable in this specific population with a width of 2 to 4 mm deemed as attractive. As many as 95% of participants found the MMD beautiful, and as many as 95% would consider having one created artificially. The literature does not support the position that MMDs larger than 1 mm should always be treated to be perceived as attractive in this population. MMDs are accepted as attractive and should be considered a key feature in smile design for this population.

The microbial compositions from concurrent peri-implant and periodontal lesions were compared, since the results reported in the literature on the etiological relationship between these oral pathologies are contradictory. Microbial compositions from nine patients were evaluated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and Principal Components Analysis. Comparisons between the use of curettes or paper points as collection methods and between bacterial composition in both pathologies were performed. Paper points allowed the recovery of a higher number of bacterial genera. A higher bacterial diversity was found in peri-implantitis compared to periodontal samples from the same patient, while a greater number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present in the corresponding periodontal samples. A higher abundance of oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas or Treponema, was found in peri-implantitis sites. The opposite trend was observed for Aggregatibacter abundance, which was higher in periodontal than in peri-implantitis lesions, suggesting that both oral pathologies could be considered different but related diseases. Although the analysis of a higher number of samples would be needed, the differences regarding the microbial composition provide a basis for further understating the pathogenesis of peri-implant infections.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The decoronation technique has been described in literature since 1984 and, based on the available results, it can lead to considerable benefits for the repair and rehabilitation of ankylosed teeth. Based on these reports, one could expect that this procedure would be well known by the dental community. However, this fact does not seem to be true, and this procedure is not widely used. Methods: The objective of this paper is to present appropriate literature that discusses decoronation and evaluate the perspectives of the procedure, both in relation to the technique and the long-term benefits for the patient. An integrative literature review at PubMed, ScieELO, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords “decoronation”, “ridge preservation decoronation”, “decoronation ankylosis”. In addition, a case report will be presented to demonstrate the technique in a systematic and detailed manner. Results: Considering the inclusion criteria, 27 articles that present consistency regarding decoronation were selected. Conclusion: There is scarce availability of scientific works related to the topic, to corroborate and discuss the technique. The present paper reinforces the benefits of this procedure, and revisit decoronation, attempting to provide a possible treatment for ankylosed teeth in growing patients.

Introduction: Digitalization has revolutionized dentistry in the last decade. Current application in digitization has increased which includes use of various systems such as cone-beam computed tomography for implant purpose, temporomandibular joint disease diagnosis, utilization of computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing system (CAD-CAM system) for prosthodontics. The usage of digital dentistry is made right from diagnosis to treatment planning which reduces the time consumption & human efforts to a great extent & increases accuracy for treatment planning. Therefore, this review focuses on analysis of implementation of digitization in dentistry from 2011 to 2021. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the scientific literature on digitization in dentistry by examining the origin of manuscripts, study types, and levels of evidence. Materials and Methods: The study retrieved data from journals indexed in Scopus. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was conducted on bibliographic data, collaboration network, and keyword co-occurrence. The articles were then classified based on their field of interest, main research question, study type, and level of evidence. Results: The study has identified 203 original papers on digital dentistry, published in 112 journals, and co-authored by 1436 individuals affiliated with 89 institutions from 45 countries. While the majority (81.4%) of these papers were from a single country, we observed high collaboration among institutions from the United States, Britain, and Brazil. The primary focus of these papers was on the potential uses of digital technology in dentistry. Regarding study type, most articles were systematic reviews, cross-sectional studies, and original research papers. Conclusion: Integrating digital technology in dentistry has brought numerous benefits, including a more organized and streamlined approach to medical records and thorough investigation and treatment planning within a shorter timeframe. Furthermore, digital technology enables the accurate detection of even the minutest details, minimizing errors and eliminating human bias. The use of three-dimensional imaging techniques allows for the precise determination of objects' geometrical characteristics and spatial orientation, resulting in the accurate placement of implants and prosthetics. Clinical Relevance: Digitization in dentistry has opened a whole new world for practitioners to focus on the patient satisfaction approach. Digital platforms can help optimize diagnosis and consulting and provide an excellent base for treatment planning.

Aims: This paper provides a thorough overview on the debonding problem and gap formation at pulpal floors in deep occlusal cavities restored directly with bulk-fill resin composites. It also reviews the techniques currently available in the literature for reducing this problem. Introduction: When a single mass of bulk-fill resin composite is inserted in a deep occlusal cavity and light cured, it undergoes restrained shrinkage due to bonding to surrounding cavity walls. This shrinkage generates stresses within the mass which are not uniformly distributed due to variations in adhesive bonding to enamel and dentin of surrounding cavity walls. This behavior creates a problem of internal debonding and gap formation at the pulpal floor that results in postoperative sensitivity and persistent tooth pain, as well as failure of the restoration, over the time, due to biodegradation of resin-dentin bond. Materials and Methods: The data was searched and collected from 2021-2022. A total of 51 articles were included in this review. Results and Discussion: Three restorative techniques were recently reported as possible solutions for this problem, all aiming at relieving the developed shrinkage stresses and reducing the pulpal floor gap formation. In the first technique, an intermediate layer of bulk-fill resin composite was placed on the pulpal floor and cured. While in the second technique, a fiber-reinforced layer of bulk-fill resin composite was placed on the pulpal floor and cured. In these two techniques, the restoration was completed by filling the cavity with a mass of bulk-fill resin composite and curing it. As for the third technique “the semi-split bulk-filling technique”, a diagonal gap was cut in the uncured mass of bulk-fill resin composite, extending halfway in pulpal direction through the composite bulk, followed by curing. Then, the created gap was filled with the same bulk-fill resin composite to complete the restoration and followed by curing. Conclusion: The three restorative techniques reported in this paper are possible solutions to the problem of debonding and gap formation at pulpal floors in deep occlusal cavities restored directly using bulk-fill resin composites. They all relieve the developed shrinkage stresses and reduce the pulpal floor gap formation.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine personal and professional factors in determining the research activity and research culture among dental teaching faculty members in Hyderabad City, Telangana. Materials and Method: Two dental schools with ongoing dental undergraduate and postgraduate programmes were included in the study. The Research and Development (R&D) Culture Index Questionnaire comprising 16 items was employed for this study. Also, self-reported research activity undertaken in the past twelve months was recorded. The association of demographic variables and professionally related variables with the perception of R&D culture and participation in research activities was assessed using the Chi-square test. A P value was set at 0.05. Results: Of the one-hundred and fifteen faculty members who participated in the study, seventy-four (64.4%) worked in the government sector and forty-one (35.6%) in privately funded dental college. The mean age of the study population was 34.11 + 7.13 years. The majority of them presented a paper or poster at the conference (66.1%; 76) followed by publishing paper in peer-review journal (42.6%; 49) and grant application for research (6.1%; 7), and authoring of a textbook was undertaken by only 2.6% of the study population. Males (61.1%; P = 0.04) and those employed in private dental college (65.8%; P = 0.02) had significantly high levels of overall perception than their respective counterparts. Conclusion: Our study concludes that this study population has a positive perception (50.32 + 6.95) towards research with the majority of them having done a paper or poster publication (66.1%) in the last one year.

This paper sets out the current position with respect to the replacement of dental amalgam as a restorative material. The environmental impact and the question of possible adverse effects of mercury on human health, including that of dental personnel, are reviewed. The literature has been surveyed using Pub Med with the following key words employed: dental amalgam; environmental; disposal; alternative materials. This identified a large number of papers, and more recent ones were selected for inclusion, particularly where they summarised the earlier literature. The findings of this process are that dental amalgam remains a popular and widely used material which, with appropriate hygiene measures, does not pose a threat to human health. However, environmental concerns with the mining, transport and technical uses of mercury led to the Minamata Convention in 2013, one consequence of which is that mining of mercury will cease from the year 2032. This means that dental amalgam will no longer be available for use. This article considers alternative materials. Results from the literature show that neither of the main possibilities, namely composite resins of glass-ionomer cements, compares with amalgam in terms of strength or durability. The impact of this on the dental profession is discussed briefly.

Objectives: To study the implementation of environmental sustainability practices at Portuguese dental clinics, the importance given by clinical directors to these practices, and the barriers felt in their applicability. Methods: This cross-sectional study’s target population was clinical directors (Dentists or Stomatologists) working in Portugal. Data was collected through an online questionnaire shared in several groups of clinicians on social networks, published in digital journals, and sent by email through medical associations. It was available between February and April 2021. The questionnaire collected information about the implementation of environmental sustainability practices in dental clinics within six categories of management: devices and equipment, dental amalgam, imaging, paper, energy, and water. There were also questions about the importance of these practices and the barriers felt. Descriptive statistics of all variables were performed. Results: The sample included 245 clinical directors, of which 65.5% were female and 43.7% were between 40 and 49 years old. There was a high degree of implementation of environmental sustainability practices related to imaging (82.6%), dental amalgam (80.7%), water (67.5%), energy (67.4%), paper (63.4%), and devices and equipment (62.9%). Almost all respondents (96%) considered that environmental sustainability practices are important or very important, and the more frequently referred barriers to implementation were costs (44.6%) and lack of training/information (16.3%). Conclusions: Clinical directors showed good environmental awareness and satisfactory implementation of environmental sustainability practices in dental clinics. Costs were the most reported barrier to the implementation of further practices.

Objective: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent nutritional disorder in children worldwide. The literature mentions a wide number of skin conditions associated with obesity, such as striae, acanthosis nigricans, psoriasis, intertrigo, acrochordons, plantar hyperkeratosis, lymphedema, keratosis pilaris, adiposis dolorosa, hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as skin infections, such as tinea cruris, folliculitis, candidiasis, furunculosis and erythrasma. The present study is aiming to be an review of studies, a description of the most frequent obesity-associated dermatological complications in children and an understanding of the evidence and research describing the association between childhood obesity and skin diseases. Materials and method: This review summarizes the most relevant published studies (original papers and reviews) in the scientific literature that have been identified and critically analyzed with the electronic international indexed databases PubMed, Medline and Web of Science. The papers were searched with the following keywords: cutaneous manifestations, skin, pediatric, obesity, acanthosis nigricans, psoriasis. Results: The articles were studied and analyzed to be according to the subject.The cutaneous manifestations in children with obesity can be classified into 3 groups: modifications in skin physiology, skin changes associated with obesity and obesity-related skin disorders. Discussions: Obese pediatric patients have a variety of skin physiologic modifications, including the following: excessive sweating and dry skin, alteration of collagen structure and function, physiological folds, heat intolerance and localized rash in area of friction. The skin disorders associated with obesity are: Acanthosis nigricans, Acrochordons or fibroepitheliomas, Striae, Plantar hyperkeratosis. In the category skin disorders exacerbated, obesity is a well-established risk factor for psoriasis development, as stressed out by many studies. For obese patients with a variety of risk factors, infections (for example, intertrigo) are the most frequent complications. Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with numerous psychosocial implications. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities are rising in the population. Although the majority of the skin lesions linked to obesity have unknown causes, it has been found that obese children have a higher prevalence of these lesions. Understanding the significance of obesity and the risk factors associated with it may improve with early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of its serious repercussions.

Introduction: Dental anomalies (DA) are changes in the number, shape, structure, size and pattern of eruption of teeth and their etiology is multifactorial, early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential for an occlusal, functional and aesthetic harmony. Objective: To identify the 100 most cited articles on dental anomalies. Methods: A search was performed in the Thompson Reuters Web of Science (WOS) database on May 31, 2021. The search strategy was performed using the keywords obtained from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) index. The following data were extracted and analyzed: number of citations, title, authors, year of publication, title of scientific journals, type of study and subject field. Results: The search strategy resulted in 69,014 articles and the most cited studies were concentrated between 1945-2012, mainly in orthodontic journals. Twenty-four percent of all papers were published in orthodontic journals. Number of citations ranged from 98 to 482, and The United States was the most prolific country. Number anomalies and structural changes were the most studied thematic fields, totaling 79 articles. Laboratory studies were the most cited type of studies. Conclusion: Number anomalies and structural changes were the most studied thematic fields. There was a predominance of laboratory studies and The United States was responsible for most of the papers included.

Abstract Objectives Diet is one of the main factors influencing the diversity and interactions of the oral microbiota. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of sugar intake on the microbial diversity and bacteria that predominate under these conditions. Material and Methods A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guide, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and combinations of the words “microbiota,” “microbiology,” “bacteria,” “sugars,” “dysbiosis,” “caries,” “microbiome,” “oral microbial,” and “oral microbiota profile pattern.” The selection criteria included year, language, type of publication, comparison of microbiota during low and high sugar intake, and bacterial identification by molecular sequencing of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA. Results Out of a total of 374 papers that came up after the initial search, 8 met the criteria for this review. The papers included research on populations comprising children, young adults, and adults, with most of the studies reporting selection criteria for the participants and using validated instruments to determine sugar intake. Apart from one study, all others reported for high sugar intake conditions a significant decrease in microbial diversity of the oral microbiome and the predominance of several bacterial genera or species, including Streptococcus, Scardovia, Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Lactobacillus. Conclusions Sugar‐rich diets have a significantly unfavorable effect on the diversity and balance of oral microbiota; however, further studies are required to determine the exact role of sugar in microbial interactions.

Devising an appropriate dental treatment plan for patients with pre-existing medical conditions is a demanding task. Dentists must consider the sometimes life threatening, interactions between ongoing medical conditions and dental treatment. Stakes are particularly high for the elderly on prescription drugs and other therapies for medical conditions while they seek dental care for advanced oral diseases. Given that Japan is an ageing society, it is crucial to create avenues for medical and dental practitioners to share patient information and collaborate.to,improve care This paper examined trends from demographic data to suggest that there is an impending further rise in the number of medically compromised elderly seeking dental treatment. For patient safety and improved public health, it is important that dental practitioners evaluate the nature and ongoing treatment of pre-existing medical conditions amongst new patients and account for their impact on dedicated and dental status. This paper supports the relevance of comprehensive clinical practice guidelines and the need to train dental practitioners to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to dental care. In order to meet the future needs of an ageing population, the Japanese Society of Dentistry for Medically Compromised Patients needs to take initiative and suggest mechanisms to exchange patient information freely and encourage multidisciplinary dental practices.

Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) display limitations and functional impairments. Orofacial pain affects the majority of these patients and may be caused by various factors, both in soft and hard tissues. Patients with advanced stage HNC need to be assisted in a way that promotes quality of life for them and their relatives, as a form of palliative care, especially when the disease is no longer likely to be controlled. Pharmacological analgesia is the backbone of the treatment of cancer pain, but it can also be carried out through non-pharmacological therapies. This study aimed at reviewing the literature and seeking the different pathways to control orofacial pain in patients with HNC in palliative care. Searches in the PubMed and SciELO databases were performed with the words “(pain control) AND (palliative care) AND (head and neck cancer),” aiming to find papers published through the last ten years (2011-2021) and restricting them to clinical trials and randomized clinical trials. We found ten articles in the PubMed database and none in SciELO. After reading their titles and abstracts, we excluded five of them since they did not evaluate patients with HNC nor did they have the analgesic approach as a study objective; therefore, five papers were included in our review. Most studies have shown that analgesia in patients in palliative care affected by malignant head and neck injuries happens with opioids. In this review, we observed a few clinical trials, and further studies must be carried out to seek new ways to reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life of these patients.

Abstract Background This scoping review reports on studies that collect survey data using quantitative research to measure self-reported oral health status outcome measures. The objective of this review is to categorize measures used to evaluate self-reported oral health status and oral health quality of life used in surveys of general populations. Methods The review is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) with the search on four online bibliographic databases. The criteria include (1) peer-reviewed articles, (2) papers published between 2011 and 2021, (3) only studies using quantitative methods, and (4) containing outcome measures of self-assessed oral health status, and/or oral health-related quality of life. All survey data collection methods are assessed and papers whose methods employ newer technological approaches are also identified. Results Of the 2981 unduplicated papers, 239 meet the eligibility criteria. Half of the papers use impact scores such as the OHIP-14; 10% use functional measures, such as the GOHAI, and 26% use two or more measures while 8% use rating scales of oral health status. The review identifies four data collection methods: in-person, mail-in, Internet-based, and telephone surveys. Most (86%) employ in-person surveys, and 39% are conducted in Asia-Pacific and Middle East countries with 8% in North America. Sixty-six percent of the studies recruit participants directly from clinics and schools, where the surveys were carried out. The top three sampling methods are convenience sampling (52%), simple random sampling (12%), and stratified sampling (12%). Among the four data collection methods, in-person surveys have the highest response rate (91%), while the lowest response rate occurs in Internet-based surveys (37%). Telephone surveys are used to cover a wider population compared to other data collection methods. There are two noteworthy approaches: 1) sample selection where researchers employ different platforms to access subjects, and 2) mode of interaction with subjects, with the use of computers to collect self-reported data. Conclusion The study provides an assessment of oral health outcome measures, including subject-reported oral health status and notes newly emerging computer technological approaches recently used in surveys conducted on general populations. These newer applications, though rarely used, hold promise for both researchers and the various populations that use or need oral health care.

Introduction: Scientometrics is a discipline that allows the analysis of the characteristics of publications in each field of knowledge using different indicators. The aim of this research was to analyse world scientific publication as to COVID-19 related to dentistry. Methods: A specialised search strategy was used to obtain all the documents published in journals indexed in the Scopus database between December 2019 and February 2022. The study variables were exported and analysed in SciVal (Elsevier). Results: In all, 2071 documents were retrieved; of those, Oral Diseases has the highest impact with an average of 12.3 citations per publication, and the British Medical Journal was identified as the journal with the highest scientific output (107). India (292) and the UK (287) were the countries with the most published papers. The Universidade de São Paulo in Brazil was the institution with the highest number of published papers (61) and with the highest impact. Conclusions: During the pandemic, scientific publications on dentistry and COVID-19 have been increasing considerably. International collaboration has the highest percentage of publications whilst India and the UK are the countries with the highest scientific production.

Aims: Microleakage under brackets and bands are considered one of the common problems that occur during orthodontic treatments. The main objective of this paper was to review the available information regarding the factors contributing to microleakage in Orthodontics. Materials and Methods: Microleakage was defined, and reviewed and explained the factors contributing to microleakage in orthodontics. Conclusion: A considerable amount of research has been published concerning factors contributing to microleakage in orthodontics. this paper hopes to provide some information regarding this topic for both researchers and people working in clinical fields.

ObjectivesClinical ethical decision-making models are largely geared toward individual clinician choices and individual patient outcomes, not necessarily accounting for larger systemic issues that affect optimal patient outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to provide an ethical decision-making model, drawing upon systems orientation and ethical theory, specifically incorporating and aiding in the mitigation of social and structural determinants of health.MethodsThis paper presents a systems-oriented ethical decision-making framework derived from the analysis and critique of the Four-Box Method for Ethical Decision-Making by Jonsen, Siegler, and Winslade. Drawing upon both deontological and utilitarian ethical theory, the developed framework will assist providers, organizations, and health system leaders in navigating the increasingly complex ethical dimensions of care delivery for underserved patient populations, who are largely impacted by social and structural determinants of health.ResultsThe needs of underserved patients are inextricably linked to various social and structural determinants of health that, if left unaddressed, result in even poorer health outcomes, exacerbating existing health disparities. A systems-oriented ethical decision-making framework, centered on obligation, duty, and a utilitarian view of the optimal good, will aid providers, organizations, health system leaders, and community stakeholders in navigating the increasingly complex ethical dimensions of care delivery for underserved patient populations.ConclusionSocioeconomic and political contexts have a significant impact on the way society is organized, how people are positioned in society, and how they will fare in terms of their health. Healthcare providers, including dentists, are largely unaware of and insensitive to the social issues that underlie the biological or psychological concerns that patients from socially disadvantaged backgrounds face. A systems-oriented ethical decision-making model will aid in mitigating social and structural determinants of health and the dental profession's obligations to the underserved.

There has been a growing interest in the topic of COVID-19 and its impact on dental laboratories. It has gained attention from researchers, policymakers, and the public due to its significance for the overall safety of dental practitioners. Understanding the various aspects of this topic is crucial to addressing the challenges and opportunities it presents. This paper will delve into the different dimensions of the pandemic’s impact and explore its implications for the future of dental technology and dentistry at large. The purpose of the paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 and its impact on the practice of dental technology. By examining the different perspectives and factors involved, we aim to offer insights and recommendations for addressing the issues and leveraging the opportunities associated with them. Lessons learned from the pandemic can be applied to future crises. The importance of preparedness, adaptability in navigating uncertain times and strategies for adapting to future crises will be highlighted.

Background: Children and young people (CYP) in care experience poorer physical health and overall wellbeing in comparison to their peers. Despite this, relatively little is known about what their oral health needs and behaviours are. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a global perspective on the oral health status and behaviours of CYP in care and care leavers. It also aimed to synthesise interventions that have been trialled in this population to improve oral health. Methods: Five databases were searched, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), SocINDEX (EBSCOhost) and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost), alongside grey literature sources up to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were studies that (i) reported on children and adolescents aged 25 years or younger who are currently in formal/informal foster or residential care and care leavers, (ii) pertained to oral health profile, behaviours or oral health promotion interventions (iii) and were published in the English language. Thematic analysis was used to develop the domains for oral health behaviours and interventions. Results: Seventy-one papers were included. Most papers were published from very high or medium Human Development Index countries. CYP in care were found to experience high levels of decay, dental trauma, periodontal disease and poorer oral health-related quality of life. Oral health behaviours included limited oral health self-care behaviours and a lack of oral health-based knowledge. The trialled interventions involved oral health education, supervised brushing and treatment or preventative dental care. Conclusions: This scoping review reveals that CYP in care experience poorer oral health in comparison to their peers. They are also less likely to carry out oral health self-care behaviours. This review highlights a scarcity of interventions to improve the oral health of this population and a paucity of evidence surrounding the oral health needs of care leavers.

Background: The objective is to compare the impact of clear aligner treatment (CAT) versus conventional fixed appliance treatment (FAT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adults at five-time points: pretreatment (T0), 1 week (T1), 1 month after (T2), and 6 months after (T3) treatment initiation, and in the long-term follow-up (T4). Materials and Methods: Search terms were based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH. Potentially eligible studies compared OHRQoL in clear aligner (CA) and fixed appliance (FA) patients. In February 2023, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PubMed were searched for published studies. Nine out of 94 shortlisted papers were eligible for a systematic review. Of these nine papers, five studies were considered for a meta-analysis. Results: At T0, CA and FA patients had similar oral health impact profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire scores with a standard mean difference (SMD) of 0.105 (confidence interval [CI]:−1.029–1.48).The SMD of the OHRQoL related to T1, T2, and T3 was −3.119 (CI:−0.145, 0.355), −1.527 (CI:−5.597, −0.64), and− 2.331 (CI:−1.906, −1.148).T4 showed no difference between groups (SMD = 0.007, CI: CI:−4.286, −0.376). Regarding the OHIP-14 domains, functional limitations remained consistent in both groups across all time intervals. Psychological discomfort exhibited a notable difference only at T2. Throughout the treatment, CAT showed significantly lower levels of physical, psychological, and social disability, as well as handicap, though these differences did not persist beyond T4. Notably, physical pain was the sole domain that remained elevated in the FAT group up to T4. Conclusion: During the 1st day of the orthodontic treatment, both the CA and FA groups had comparable OHRQoL statuses. However, as time passed, the CA group notably improved their OHRQoL compared to the FA group. Interestingly, after a year or the completion of treatment, both groups eventually reached similar OHRQoL levels. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that FA patients continued to experience more physical pain even a year later.

Background and objectives. The aim of the study was to identify in the literature the potential causes of overtreatment in dentistry, the most frequent types of overtreatments and recommendations of how to avoid those issues. Materials and methods. A literature search was carried out in the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases. The search used following keywords: “overtreatment” and “dentistry” for papers published in English until June 2022. Results. 211 results were found in PubMed, 122 in Web of Science and 523 in ScienceDirect. The duplicates, the titles and the abstracts that were not related to the reviewed topic and the papers not available in full text were excluded. 27 papers were selected and included in this study. From the 27 papers selected 7 were Clinical research, 7 questionnaire-based studies, 5 case reports, 8 review articles. Conclusions: Most of the analyzed overtreatments in the literature were unintentionally performed except for those related to the financial gain and business development. The research revealed that the overtreatments or overdiagnosis were in general due directly or indirectly to the lake of knowledge of the practitioner. It is important to know and to identify the causes of possible overtreatments as early as possible and acting ethically to achieve good results in avoiding them.

ObjectivesThe present paper aims to systematically review the literature published from 2015 to 2023 on bruxism in children with the aim to compilate the best available evidence.Materials and MethodsA systematic search in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed, Medline (EBSCO), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify all studies on humans assessing genetic, biopsychosocial, and sleep factors assessed with any different approach for sleep bruxism (SB) in children and its interventions. The selected articles were assessed independently by the two authors according to a structured reading of the article's format (PICO). The quality of the articles was evaluated using Quality Assessments Tool for Experimental Bruxism Studies (Qu-ATEBS) and the JBI critical appraisal tools.ResultsA total of 16 articles were included for discussion in the review and grouped into questionnaire/parental-report (n = 7), SB assessment through parental report of SB and clinical examination (n = 4), and instrumental assessment (n = 5) studies. The total quality scores evaluated with STROBE and Qu-ATEBS were high for all included papers. However, in general, there was no control of bias strategies and there was no control group in the intervention studies.ConclusionsInvestigations based on self-report, clinical, and instrumental bruxism assessment showed a positive association with genetics, quality of life aspects (school and emotional functions and overuse of screen-time), mother anxiety and family conformation, diet, alteration in sleep behaviors and architecture, and sleep breathing disorders. Additionally, the literature presents options to increase airway patency and, thus, reduce the occurrence of SB. Tooth wear was not found to be a major sign of SB in children. However, methods of SB assessment are heterogeneous and hamper a reliable comparison of the results.

This paper aims at illustrating the different diagnostic methods and compare the reliability of the Digital Imaging Fiber Optic Transillumination (DIAGNOcamTM, KaVo Kerr, Brea, California, US) with the use of intraoral radiographs. Since the discovery of radiography, various methods have been introduced in order to provide early diagnosis of caries. In this review, specific keywords have been chosen on different search engines and medical databases. Scientific papers published from 1990 to 2022 were included. Nine articles comparing two different methods for early detection of carious lesions were selected. An analysis of the existing literature seems to support the hypothesis that making diagnosis by using the Digital Imaging Fiber Optic Transillumination systems represents a safe and effective support for early diagnosis of interproximal carious lesions within enamel. However, it is still to be considered a complementary method to traditional bitewing and periapical radiographs.

Abstract Background A rise in the reported numbers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) highlights the need for dental practitioners to be more familiar with the treatment approaches for these special needs children to ensure comfortable, well-accepted and efficient management while in dental office. Aim This paper aimed to acquire a deeper understanding of some of the innovative and best approaches to managing children with ASD in dental settings. Design A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and grey literature based on the PRISMA 2020 statement, using main keywords such as: ‘management’, ‘dental’, ‘children’, and ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’. Original full-text papers including randomised controlled trials (RCT) and all other designs of non-randomised controlled studies (NRS) reporting relevant intervention studies in English were included without any publication time limit. The quality of the evidence found eligible for the review were then assessed using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. Subsequently, the details of management interventions and impact of treatment approaches were compared and discussed. Results Out of the 204 articles found, 109 unrelated articles were excluded during the initial screening. The full papers of remaining 28 were retrieved and only 15 (7%) articles were eligible to be reviewed; eight RCTs with ‘some concerns’ and ‘high risk’ categories particularly concerning their randomisation design, and seven NSRs with ‘serious’ to ‘critical’ bias largely due to confounding factors. Conclusion Our review found inconclusive evidence on the strength of recent psychological and non-pharmacological approaches used to manage children with ASD in dental settings. Small sample size and lack of a control group in certain studies affected the strength of evidence and credibility of the findings. Nevertheless, this review shared informative details on some innovative approaches for better understanding of the management of children with ASD for dental professionals.

Abstract Background Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the retention of mini-screws can be improved by imparting bioactivity to the surface. The method for imparting bioactivity proposed in this paper is to sequentially perform anodization, periodic pre-calcification, and heat treatments with a Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw. Materials and methods A TiO2 nanotube-structured layer was formed on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw through anodization in which a voltage of 20 V was applied to a glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1.4 wt% NH4F for 60 min. Fine granular calcium phosphate precipitates of HA and octacalcium phosphate were generated as clusters on the surface through the cyclic pre-calcification and heat treatments. The cyclic pre-calcification treatment is a process of immersion in a 0.05 M NaH2PO4 solution and a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution at 90 °C for 1 min each. Results It was confirmed that the densely structured protrusions were precipitated, and Ca and P concentrations, which bind and concentrate endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins, increased on the surface after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test. In addition, the removal torque of the mini-screw fixed into rabbit tibias for 4 weeks was measured to be 8.70 ± 2.60 N cm. Conclusions A noteworthy point in this paper is that the Ca and P concentrations, which provide a scaffold suitable for endogenous bone formation, further increased over time after SBF immersion of the APH group specimens. The other point is that our mini-screws have a significantly higher removal torque compared to untreated mini-screws. These results represent that the mini-screw proposed in this paper can be used as a mini-screw for orthodontics.

Purpose: This literature review was performed to assess whether implant failures are associated with titanium allergy. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases up to April 2021 was conducted, and the obtained articles were independently assessed by two reviewers. Articles describing cases of implant failure in which the cause of implant failure was only identified as allergy were included. Results: Twelve studies were included. Eight studies identified Ti allergy by clinical examinations, of which four used patch tests, three used the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT)/memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay (MELISA), and one used both tests. Nine studies reported cases of titanium hypersensitivity in combination with other systemic allergy-related disorders, with eight cases also showing positive results for Ni, Hg, Cr, and Co hypersensitivity. Ten papers reported the improvement of symptoms after the removal of the Ti implants and their replacement with zirconia implants, and two of these papers showed good results. Conclusion: Cases of probable titanium allergy included those with true titanium allergies and those with a potentially different cause. However, the differentiation of these cases is difficult. Since no definitive method has been established for diagnosing titanium allergy, a comprehensive diagnosis based on the clinical course and clinical examination using a patch test/LTT/MELISA is necessary. Implant treatment should be performed with caution in patients with any preoperative allergies.

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disorder characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to a range of adverse outcomes from reduced quality of life to serious health risks, including cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality. Main Body This manuscript reviews the orthodontists’ essential role in the multidisciplinary healthcare team tasked with managing OSA. It particularly highlights critical orthodontic interventions, such as surgical-orthodontic maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), mandibular advancement appliances (MAAs), and rapid maxillary expansion (RME). These interventions are pivotal in modifying craniofacial structures to enhance airway patency. The importance of conducting a thorough airway analysis is underscored, assessing the complete anatomical and functional factors contributing to airway obstruction. Conclusion The paper calls for increased collaborative research efforts to develop standardized, evidence-based orthodontic procedures for effectively managing OSA, aiming to improve patient outcomes through specialized, tailored interventions.

Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporated to different orthodontic bonding systems. Additionally, the review investigated the impact of AgNPs on the bonding properties of these materials. The hypothesis posed that the addition of AgNPs would enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of orthodontic bonding systems while maintaining their bonding properties. The systematic review employed a PICO-based search strategy, targeting in vitro studies focusing on the integration of nano silver particles into orthodontic bonding systems with potential antimicrobial activity. The intervention involved the use of nano silver in orthodontic bonding systems, with a comparison to systems lacking nano silver. The primary outcomes assessed were antimicrobial activity and shear bond strength (SBS). The search process, conducted without publication date restrictions, yielded 551 potential articles: 34 from PubMed, 360 from PubMed Central, 42 from Embase, 54 from Scopus, and 61 from Web of Science. Ultimately, a qualitative synthesis was conducted on 13 papers. The PRISMA diagram, visually represented the search strategy, screening process, and inclusion criteria. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42023487656 to enhance transparency and adherence to systematic review guidelines. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, revealing that the 13 articles meeting the inclusion criteria demonstrated a high level of evidence. Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis regarding shear bond strength. In summary, the synthesized findings from these studies strongly underscore the promising potential of orthodontic materials modified with AgNPs. These materials exhibit effective resistance against cariogenic bacteria without compromising bonding properties below clinical acceptability. Such innovative materials hold significant implications for advancing oral health within the realm of orthodontics.

Farid Tawfiq Nusairat,1 Salam Walid Al-Shogran,1 Noor Almortadi,2 Karem H Alzoubi3,4 1Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 2Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 3Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Farid Tawfiq Nusairat, Email ftnusairat@just.edu.joBackground: Despite the great effort between the dentist and dental technician in prosthesis fabrication, there is a lack of proper communication. According to the laboratory prescription, the communication process must include all the essential elements to complete the prosthesis fabrication correctly. The digital revolution in dentistry suggested using information technology system prescriptions instead of traditional prescriptions.Aim: To explore the association between the application of ITS and the communication process between dental laboratories and dental clinics in a developing country setting.Methods: The current study used a quasi-experimental design (posttest only). A convenience sample of 600 subjects was divided into two subsamples of 300 subjects each. The data from the first subsample was collected from traditional (paper-based) prescriptions, and the data from the second subsample was collected from the Information Technology System (ITS).Results: It was associated with a statistically significant commitment to recording the most essential information in the dental lab prescription. The time spent completing and delivering the work was faster, and the need for recommunication was less common among those using ITS than those using traditional systems. Regarding the quality of the prosthesis, the need for modification or redo due to improper shade, inappropriate charting of teeth, or lack of additional information in the dental lab prescription was less among users of the ITS system compared to the traditional system (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Using ITS instead of a traditional system can enhance the communication process and the amount filled in the laboratory prescription in multiple aspects, including the completeness of essential information in the dental lab prescription, the time needed to complete the cases, the need to re-communicate less frequently with the dentist, and improved the quality of the prosthesis.Keywords: information technology system, communication process, dental laboratories, dental clinics

Background The human ear significantly influences facial appearance. Auricular abnormalities can arise from many causes, and the cartilage cannot self-regenerate. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology are used to create auricular prostheses through various methods to mirror the healthy ear. Despite advancements, challenges such as natural skin tones and growth accommodation persist. Bioprinting, using “Bioink” for precise cell placement, offers promising improvements for cartilage replacement and personalized auricular tissue regeneration. Aim This review discussed recent and groundbreaking research in regenerative medicine for the auricular cartilage. The clinical studies of 3D bioprinting are the main topic of this review. This review aimed to clarify the transition from 3D printing of auricular prostheses to 3D bioprinting of patient-specific auricular tissues. Methods The literature underwent a scoping review, making use of the keywords “Bioink, maxillofacial prosthetics, patient need, maxillofacial, additive manufacturing, auricular prosthesis, 3D bioprinting AND auricle, 3D bioprinting, auricle, cartilage, and Clinical applications of 3D bioprinting of auricle in children’s patients. Researchers searched the Cochrane, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases. Studies using cell-laden, 3D bioprinted constructs, Bioink containing living cells, or interventions to regenerate cartilage or auricle tissue, as well as the use of tissue-engineered 3D bioprinting in the maxillofacial regions, primarily in children, were included. Full texts, abstracts, and titles were all previewed. Significant groundbreaking studies were included after reference searching. The search timeline was between 2018 and 2022. Results A total of 242 papers were assessed for title and abstract, with 13 judged appropriate for inclusion. Ninety-nine articles were removed, primarily because they were off-topic (unrelated) or not in English. A total of 13 publications were considered for study. Conclusions Recent research has shown the potential of 3D bioprinting for tissue regeneration in both in vitro and in animal models. Human studies that have implanted 3D bioprinted auricles are still in their initial stages; however, the results are promising.

Peer review is being criticized for its sluggishness and review quality. Swiftly identifying available reviewers and cultivating a pool of specialized experts is crucial to avoid delays and ensure a seamless peer review process. A promising strategy to enhance the quality of peer reviewers is to encourage and facilitate early career researchers (ECRs) to engage in co-reviewing with their mentors as part of their curriculum training. In addition, it holds significant potential to bridge gaps in research quality and discourage unethical ghostwriting of peer review reports. Encouraging co-reviewing practices in medical, dental, nursing, and other professional institutions will foster the development of critical skills, research awareness, mentorship, and collaborative abilities among ECRs. This paper proposes learning peer review modules in a two-step model, i.e., foundational learning and practical learning. Emphasizing peer review within the curriculum can be a significant and transformative step.

Odontogenic foci are bacterial inflammatory changes, whose primary center is located in the area of the causal tooth. Various mechanisms result in the formation of secondary foci or systemic infections. Reliable diagnostics and elimination of the aforementioned foci are essential in the process of preparing patients qualified for ophthalmic surgery, organ transplants, dialysis, and anti-cancer therapy. Particular vigilance should also be exercised in the cases of patients with cardiovascular disease, especially those at high risk of infective endocarditis due to cyanotic congenital heart disease or an implanted valve prosthesis. The review paper presents the justification for conducting in-depth diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the aforementioned groups of patients, citing methods for identifying the foci as well as methods for their elimination. The basic and overarching goal of the presented actions is to avoid complications in the form of severe infection and death.

Introduction: Bacteria and their byproducts are key contributors to the onset and perpetuation of pulpoperiapical pathosis. Intracanal medication is vital in achieving successful endodontic outcomes as it targets and eradicates remaining microorganisms following biomechanical preparation. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) paste, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and probiotics (PBs) as intracanal medicament in 12–17-year-old children undergoing root canal treatment for the management of infected pulpal tissues in young permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients aged 12–17 years indicated for endodontic therapy in maxillary incisors and with no systemic complications were selected. They were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., Group I – CH group, Group II – TAP, and Group III – PB allocating 10 teeth in each group. After access opening, the first sample (S1) was collected by inserting a paper point into the root canal, the second sample (S2) was collected immediately after biomechanical preparation, and the third sample (S3) was collected after 7 days, i.e., postintracanal medication. Samples were sent for microbiological analysis to assess the microbial count, and statistical analysis was done for the obtained data. Results: The three intracanal medicaments were successful in reducing the microbial counts of Enterococcus faecalis in the infected root canals. However, according to the results of the study, the PB group demonstrated greater effectiveness against E. faecalis compared to the CH group and displayed similar antimicrobial efficacy as the TAP group. Conclusion: PB exhibited antimicrobial efficacy comparable to TAP but greater than Ca (OH) 2 paste. Hence, PB can be utilized as an intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth.

Fibrous histiocytoma is a benign soft-tissue neoplasm that commonly involves the dermis. It is rare in the oral cavity. This lesion creates a diagnostic dilemma due to its nonspecific clinical appearance and microscopic similarities with other benign fibrous tissue lesions. Microscopically, it shows the proliferation of both spindle-shaped fibroblasts and histiocytes. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice with a good prognosis. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare case of gingival benign fibrous histiocytoma occurring in an 11-year-old female patient. The diagnosis of this lesion is based on combined clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features.

Background: This study aimed to analyze trends in qualitative research within the field of dental hygiene, focusing on papers published in Korean journals from 2000 to 2023. As dental hygienists play a crucial role in preventive oral health, understanding the breadth and depth of qualitative research in this field is essential for advancing practice and education. Methods: This descriptive survey research study analyzed 23 qualitative studies using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) as a framework. Studies were selected through a comprehensive search of Korean databases. The analysis covered research topics, participant types, methodological approaches, and adherence to COREQ domains, including “Research Team and Reflexivity,” “Study Design,” and “Analysis and Findings.” Results: The analysis revealed that most studies employed a phenomenological methodology (36.4%). Additionally, 87.0% of the studies mentioned Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and only 8.7% utilized qualitative data analysis software. The studies primarily focused on oral care for the elderly, communication, and the experiences of dental hygienists. Furthermore, 95.7% of the studies included participant quotations, but only 56.5% checked data saturation. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for a more diverse methodological approach in dental hygiene research. Journals should also emphasize strict adherence to IRB guidelines and encourage the use of qualitative data analysis software to enhance the rigor of research. By strengthening the systematic foundation of qualitative research in dental hygiene, the field can better address clinical challenges and expand the understanding of dental hygienists’ work environments.

Contemporary dentistry focuses on maintaining optimal oral health by gaining a functional and aesthetic equilibrium. Centric relation (CR) serves as an essential reference position for the accomplishment of complex dental restorations, ensuring harmonious integration within the dental arch in both static and dynamic occlusion. This study aimed at assessing centric relation and maximum intercuspation in specific clinical cases and at identifying the factors influencing dentists’ decisions to refrain from using CR position. Methods: A twenty-six-item customized survey was distributed to one hundred and ten Romanian dentists, aged over twenty and having a wide range of professional backgrounds and experience levels. The questionnaire was structured into the following sections: socio-demographic data, commonly performed types of oral rehabilitations, procedural complexity, and participants’ preferences regarding the reference position for prosthetic rehabilitations. Results: When performing complex restorations, CR was used as the reference position (71.8%) by most of the participants. 60% of them considered maximum intercuspation (MI) easier to record and reproduce compared to CR position. The primary reasons participants avoided using the CR were the lack of experience in performing the manipulation techniques (10.46%), in recording this reference position (9.88%), and insufficient practice with the articulators or face bows (10.46%). The distribution of occlusal contacts in CR was mainly assessed using articulating paper (47%), or digital devices such as an intraoral scanner (23%). To record CR, hard wax (38%) or addition silicone (33%) were the materials of choice. Conclusions: Most dentists engage in complex prosthetic rehabilitations, and commonly use centric relation to achieve predictable outcomes, avoiding the risk of failures associated with oral rehabilitations.

The use of bioceramics in modern dentistry has significantly evolved, offering enhanced clinical outcomes in various procedures. This article reviews the development and application of bioceramic materials, focusing on their biocompatibility, ability to stimulate tissue regeneration, and chemical stability. Notable materials such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are highlighted for their role in endodontic treatments and bone regeneration. The paper also discusses innovations in the synthesis and functionalization of bioceramics, including doping with various elements and the integration of nanotechnology, which have led to advancements such as faster setting times and improved antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, the article provides a historical perspective on the transition from early bioceramics to bioactive materials like hydroxyapatite, emphasizing their impact on implantology and bone tissue regeneration. The future directions of bioceramics, including their potential in regenerative medicine and the development of materials with enhanced antimicrobial activity, are explored.

This paper examines the effectiveness of custom dental implants in managing oral complications associated with Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel condition that can significantly affect patients’ oral health. By reviewing the existing literature and studying clinical cases, we analyze the success rates of dental implants, their integration in the context of immunosuppressive treatments, the improvement of masticatory function, and their impact on the quality of life of patients. Reviewed studies indicate that, with proper planning and careful postoperative management, dental implants can provide a durable and effective solution for patients with Crohn’s disease, with success rates comparable to those of the general population. We also discuss the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in the planning and implementation of personalized dental treatments, as well as the need for continuous monitoring to prevent complications. The results highlight the potential of dental implants to significantly improve oral functionality and aesthetics, thus contributing to the overall improvement of the quality of life of patients with Crohn’s disease. These findings encourage greater attention to the personalization of dental treatments for this category of patients, given the complexity of managing their health condition.

This study examines the use of aspirin in dentistry, focusing on the treatment of gingival and periodontal diseases. Aspirin, known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticoagulant properties, is widely used in medicine, but its application in dentistry requires a thorough understanding of the associated benefits and risks. The review discusses aspirin’s mechanisms of action, its impact on periodontal health at the cellular and molecular level, and the potential for the development of topical formulations to minimize side effects. Current studies and the need for long-term research to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin are also addressed. The paper identifies significant gaps in the existing literature, including the need to investigate drug interactions and tailor treatment to individual patient characteristics. In conclusion, aspirin has significant potential to improve the management of periodontal disease, but further investigation is needed to optimize the treatment protocol and ensure its safe use in dental practice.