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In recent years, the healthcare sector has adopted the use of operational risk assessment tools to help understand the systems issues that lead to patient safety incidents. But although these problem-focused tools have improved the ability of healthcare organizations to identify hazards, they have not translated into measurable improvements in patient safety. One possible reason for this is a lack of support for the solution-focused process of risk control. This article describes a content analysis of the risk management strategies, policies, and procedures at all acute (i.e., hospital), mental health, and ambulance trusts (health service organizations) in the East of England area of the British National Health Service. The primary goal was to determine what organizational-level guidance exists to support risk control practice. A secondary goal was to examine the risk evaluation guidance provided by these trusts. With regard to risk control, we found an almost complete lack of useful guidance to promote good practice. With regard to risk evaluation, the trusts relied exclusively on risk matrices. A number of weaknesses were found in the use of this tool, especially related to the guidance for scoring an event's likelihood. We make a number of recommendations to address these concerns. The guidance assessed provides insufficient support for risk control and risk evaluation. This may present a significant barrier to the success of risk management approaches in improving patient safety., (© 2013 Society for Risk Analysis.)

This paper presents the risk management process undertaken by two research organizations in Bucharest, Romania: The National Institute of Research and Development in Mechatronics and Measurement Technique, and The National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering. Following a comprehensive analysis, ten main risks were identified within the research departments related to project management. To assess the identified risks, the risk index method was employed. Experienced researchers with a background in research project management from the Biomedical Mechatronics and Robotics and Metallic, Composite, and Polymeric Materials departments evaluated their probability and impact. The assessed risks were then represented on the risk matrix to determine generic mitigation strategies. The findings indicate that the majority of risks faced by the organizations have both low probability and low impact, making them tolerable. However, some risks require urgent and effective mitigation methods. In addition to generic risk mitigation strategies, the article introduces specific mitigation solutions for each evaluated risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most pressing issues in the implementation of construction projects is the extension of planned deadlines, significantly impacting project costs. This situation often arises due to inaccurate estimation of construction durations, which rely on normative values without accounting for factors hindering construction progress. Consequently, this article aims to develop an innovative approach for assessing construction durations, considering specific risk factors and their influence on construction activities. Given the difficulty of determining risk factors and their effects during the design phase using classical probability theory, characterized by unknown probability distributions, it is highlighted that this scenario represents planning and implementation under conditions of non-statistical uncertainty. Therefore, the article proposes an approach utilizing elements of fuzzy set theory, particularly fuzzy rules and linguistic variables, to determine delays in individual construction tasks. The proposed approach involves estimating extensions of construction timelines based on a specified probability level of occurrence for risk events and their impact. Additionally, the article provides a theoretical description of the proposed approach and practical calculation examples, demonstrating that the authors' approach significantly enhances the accuracy of construction timeline forecasts, providing more reliable data for project planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the application of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management framework on a grid‐independent and renewable energy‐based electric vehicle charging station with multiple energy storage techniques including hydrogen and ammonia. The design comprises complex subsystems such as concentrated photovoltaic thermal, wind turbine, biomass standby generator, hydrogen storage, fuel cell, Ammonia storage and fuel cell, Lithium‐ion battery storage, Salt‐hydrate thermal storage, lithium‐bromide absorption cooling, and fast charging units. Systematic risk‐based approaches compromising multiple phases and qualitative and quantitative risk assessment techniques are applied to identify the causes and consequences of potentially critical events associated with the incorporated subsystems and components. The results show that out of 15 identified technical, economic, environmental, and health and safety risks, three health and safety risks were found unacceptable with risk values above 14. In contrast, three technical, three environmental, two health and safety, and one economic risks were found undesirable with risk values between 8 and 12. Appropriate preventive and protective measures are applied to lessen the high‐risk levels to acceptable safe limits below 6. Proper safety barriers and distances are considered while recommending the associated subsystems and components' optimal physical site distribution plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a three-dimensional risk matrix model designed for the analysis and prioritisation of critical risks in the context of resilience. Traditional risk assessment methods prevalent in information security, which typically juxtapose the likelihood and consequences of risks, are inadequate for fully capturing the intricacies of critical risks. The proposed threedimensional model addresses these shortcomings by cohesively integrating the dimensions of likelihood, impact and cost of risk management. This integration provides a holistic tool for resilient risk analysis that goes beyond the capabilities of traditional models. A key feature of this model is its ability to address the complexities associated with critical risks, which are often not adequately addressed by traditional risk matrices due to their stochastic nature and significant potential impact on organisational resilience. By incorporating budgetary constraints into the risk assessment process, the model enables a more objective and quantifiable approach to managing critical risks. It shifts the evaluative focus from a purely probabilistic perspective to a cost-value based assessment, emphasising the balance between potential benefits and mitigation expenditure. This approach not only refines the accuracy of critical risk assessment, but also enhances existing risk management practices, providing a more robust and strategic tool for managing organisational risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented article deals with the use and evaluation of individual risks of work in the environment of Slovak mining company. The mining company is also a manufacturing company. The company mines the raw material and the final product (clinker). The main goal of the article is to monitor the incidence of accidents over the last 10 years, to analyse the group of risks that have a significant impact on accidents in mining companies and to evaluate them. The Risk Matrix, shows the relationship between estimated consequences and probability of risks formation. The next step is to use the workplace Risk Assessment Method to define acceptable risks and minimize the impact on workers. Another method we used is the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) model. The output of the FTA model is the creation of a faulty tree, which resulted in the individual traumatized accidents that resulted in the definition of the resulting risk - namely a load injury.

The decommissioning project of a nuclear facility is a large-scale process that is expected to take about 15 years or longer. The range of risks to be considered is large and complex, then, it is expected that various risks will arise in decision-making by area during the project. Therefore, in this study, the risk family derived from the Decommissioning Risk Management (DRiMa) project was reconstructed into a decommissioning project risk profile suitable for the Kori Unit 1. Two criteria of uncertainty and importance are considered in order to prioritize the selected 26 risks of decommissioning project. The uncertainty is scored according to the relevant laws and decommissioning plan preparation guidelines, and the project importance is scored according to the degree to which it primarily affects the triple constraints of the project. The results of risks are divided into high, medium, and low. Among them, 10 risks are identified as medium level and 16 risks are identified as low level. 10 risks, which are medium levels, are classified in five categories: End state of decommissioning project, Management of waste and materials, Decommissioning strategy and technology, Legal and regulatory framework, and Safety. This study is a preliminary assessment of the risk of the decommissioning project that could be considered in the preparation stage. Therefore, we expect that the project risks considered in this study can be used as an initial data for reevaluation by reflecting the detail project progress in future studies.

Safety is the priority of the aviation industry that requires continuous support and improvement. While the Safety Management Systems (SMS) is mandatory for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 121 air carriers and Part 139 airports in the United States, SMS remains optional to General Aviation (GA) due to various reasons including limited budget and manpower associated with technologies. This paper aims to promote the adoption of MATLAB® to develop a low-cost Risk Assessment Matrix of Operational Safety (RAMOS) (risk calculation and control) for GA operators. A case is presented to demonstrate the application of MATLAB® for the safety committee's usage when going through risk assessment, control options, and decision-making via a computer, tablet, or smartphone. A future comprehensive risk management toolkit can be expected with the introduction of RAMOS using MATLAB®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most pressing issues in the implementation of construction projects is the extension of planned deadlines, significantly impacting project costs. This situation often arises due to inaccurate estimation of construction durations, which rely on normative values without accounting for factors hindering construction progress. Consequently, this article aims to develop an innovative approach for assessing construction durations, considering specific risk factors and their influence on construction activities. Given the difficulty of determining risk factors and their effects during the design phase using classical probability theory, characterized by unknown probability distributions, it is highlighted that this scenario represents planning and implementation under conditions of non-statistical uncertainty. Therefore, the article proposes an approach utilizing elements of fuzzy set theory, particularly fuzzy rules and linguistic variables, to determine delays in individual construction tasks. The proposed approach involves estimating extensions of construction timelines based on a specified probability level of occurrence for risk events and their impact. Additionally, the article provides a theoretical description of the proposed approach and practical calculation examples, demonstrating that the authors’ approach significantly enhances the accuracy of construction timeline forecasts, providing more reliable data for project planning and management.

In the conditions of the stagnation of the global economy, the issues of finding the optimal strategy that would allow taking into account the balance of interests between costs, opportunities, performance of the company's technical assets and risks come to the forefront of the company's management. To this end, the URRAN system has been created, operated and developed in the Russian railway transport -a system for managing the reliability, safety, and resources of transport facilities based on risk assessment. Within the framework of this system, the tasks of operational collection, processing and analysis of the current state of reliability and safety of transport facilities, the activities of structural units are solved on the basis of risk assessment of maintenance management, assignments of major repairs, modernization and modification of transport facilities. The reliability and safety of transport facilities are managed within the framework of Big Data using artificial intelligence methods. Fire safety management is carried out using an automated fire risk management system, which is part of the URRAN system. It allows, based on the results of the fire risk forecast, to make a decision on the need for repair, replacement or maintenance of transport facilities and their fire safety system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well integrity (WI) is a growing challenge in the petroleum industry as oil and gas (O&G) fields age and pose new risks. The severe consequences of well integrity failures urged O&G operators to ensure the integrity of all wells is preserved throughout their lifecycle. The objective of this paper is to develop a precise numerical-based model that can calculate the comprehensive risk of well integrity failures. All barrier envelopes and their elements were studied, and weight score was assigned to each barrier element based on its contribution to the probability or severity of failure. This study identified seven WI barrier envelopes and 23 barrier elements in gas lift (GL) wells. Some barriers were identified as risk probability-related, while others are risk severity-related. Based on reliability data from the field history and domain knowledge, all elements were assigned a specific weight score to reflect the failure impact of each element on the well integrity as a whole. Risk matrix was used to estimate the risk and define the failure category. Five categories of WI failures were defined. Moreover, 10 different cases of GL wells with various well integrity impairments were used to validate the model and verify its efficiency in precise risk calculation. The results indicated that the new classification technique has a deeper perspective into both downhole and surface integrity problems. Therefore, it can distinguish whether a well is operated beyond its allowable limits or not. The established model will boost field operations without compromising health, safety, and environment (HSE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fundamental requirement of any environmental management system for industrial sites is the identification and assessment of risk. To meet international standards in terms of environmental protection and preservation, industrial sites should ensure that a comprehensive environmental risk management process is in place by systematically identifying and managing risks arising from internal and external factors. The purpose of this study was to develop a new methodology to determine the significance of environmental hazardous situations associated with a process or activity. It uses qualitative or quantitative techniques to pinpoint weaknesses in design, operation, and lines of defense provided by engineering and administrative controls, which can lead to an environmentally hazardous event. It may also provide an assessment of risk resulting from the magnitude of the consequence and the probability of the environmental event occurring. The fundamental principle of this new risk-based hazard methodology is that whilst risk cannot be eliminated, it should be possible to reduce to ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable), and the environmental risk matrix could be a useful tool for establishing if an environmental risk rating is tolerable or not based on the likelihood and consequences. The outcome of this study is developing a new environmental risk matrix based on different consequences (health, environmental, reputation, and business interruption) with likelihood criteria. This matrix could be applied by industrial sites to identify and control their environmental risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distinguishing and diminishing risks in today’s projects are crucial for project success. Almost every project is facing several risks throughout the project timeline. Construction projects in Finland are also facing project risks due to the complexity of the project. To minimize the impact of risks, an effective risk management approach must be incorporated into every project which also includes the effectiveness and measurement of its performance. Managing the risks is an important job but measuring the RM performance is crucial. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the risk management (RM) and risk management performance measurement (RMPM) through an indepth empirical analysis of two complex construction projects of Finland. To achieve the objective, a qualitative case study is followed by the authors of this article to identify the RM processes, major and minor risks of the projects, RM strategies to mitigate them and RM performance measurement strategies. Overall, this article provides a comparative analysis of RM and RMPM for construction projects and it can be used as a basis for further research into RM perspective in complex construction projects.

The article discusses the issues of risk management at all stages of the life cycle of nuclear power plants. The definition and classification by types of risks that arise during the stages of the life cycle and operation of difficult objects such as nuclear power plants. Risk is anything that has the potential to affect each stage of a facility’s life cycle, performance, longevity, safety, or project budget. Thus, risk management is the process of identifying, classifying, prioritizing and planning risks. This article not only discusses the identification and classification by types of risks that arise during the construction and operation of such complex facilities as nuclear power plants, but also describes the methods for assessing and managing risks, taking into account the specifics of the construction of nuclear power facilities. There are two methods of risk assessment: quantitative and qualitative. The article describes such Quantitative methods as “Scenario Technology”, “Method - Sensitivity Analysis”, “Diagramming Technique - Tree Analysis”, as well as such Qualitative risk assessment methods as “Assessment of the probability of risk and its impact”, “Evaluation Matrix probability/risk of impact”, “Probability and impact”, “Risk classification and assessment of risk urgency. As a result of the analysis of existing risk management methods at all stages of the life cycle, the following conclusions were drawn: Risk identification can occur at any stage of the life cycle of a nuclear power plant, even after completion of construction work and delivery of the project. The maximum number of risks for all stages of the NPP life cycle should be identified at the stage of Sitting and design. The article proposes the format of the risk register table, provides a risk classification scheme, and develops a risk management flow chart at the stages of the NPP life cycle.

Risk management is considered as a vital process contributing to the successful outcome of a complex construction project in terms of achieving the associated project objectives. The widely used industrial practice in managing construction project risks is to assign probability and impact values to each risk and to map risks on a risk matrix. The main criticism of this practice relates to ignoring complex interdependencies between risks and using point estimates for probability and impact values. Furthermore, risks mapped on a matrix are deemed to influence a specific objective and there is a challenge involved in aggregating the impact of risks across multiple (conflicting) project objectives. Utilizing a data-driven Bayesian Belief Network methodology, in this paper we introduce a new process where the risks mapped on a risk matrix corresponding to each project objective are aggregated and modeled as a risk network, and a holistic impact of each risk is captured across the network by means of new risk metrics. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through a real application. The results specific to the two ranking schemes (assuming independence/interdependence of risks) are found to be negatively correlated, which substantiates the importance of utilizing an interdependency-based risk management process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk management is very important in the business environment to prevent certain situ - ations that can negatively impact a company. This paper presents a risk analysis for a company that deals with software development and various IT products. Risks have been identified to see how an IT firm is exposed to uncertainty. To assess the risks, the following must be well-known: the company itself, the market in which it operates, the macro en - vironment and the microenvironment. The risks were identified through brainstorming and interviewing and subsequently, the causes and effects of these risks were analyzed and the probability of occurrence and the impact that each risk has on the company were determined. Following the construction of the risk matrix, strategies for each risk were identified and several solutions were proposed to reduce the risk index. In the end, the risk register was built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the requirements of the international and state regulatory documents, all aircraft operators (AC) must have implemented and constantly evolving safety management systems (SMS). The functions of the SMS can be divided into two control profiles: flight safety assurance (FSA) and risk management (RM). If the procedures for the FSA control profile can be considered studied and implemented under operating conditions, the RM profile needs its terms to be definite as well as unambiguous and it also needs the scientific and methodological provision of mandatory procedures common to all aircraft operators. In order to avoid ambiguities in the presentation and implementation of the RM process, this article provides the basic standard definitions used in the presented methodology for quantitative risk assessment. The methodology envisages estimating the probability of an aviation event of a certain type (severity) in two ways: either through the statistical probability (frequency) of this type of events after the fact (if the events took place in the estimated period); or through the calculated statistical probability of an event of a less serious type and the conditional probability of the progress of a more serious event. In the formulas given for calculating the probabilities, a previously developed method of indirect estimation of the probability of accidents was used and the ratios of the number of events of different types of severity for each group of causal factors updated to the new statistics: "Human factor", "AC" and "Environment". In order to quantify the level of risk, an updated risk assessment matrix has been proposed and approved in the UTair airline SMS based on the ICAO matrix adapted to control risk management for the FSA. The methodology ensures the fulfillment of the requirements of the Government Decree dated November 18, 2014 No. 1215 by all aircraft operators, its scope can be extended to the SMS of all aviation service providers, taking into account the relevant specifics of the services provided.

This article analyzes the mechanism of planning risks that may arise during the implementation phase of the PPP project, the main stages of planning risks from the public partner and the private partner of the project. Also the article characterized the value of the information system in the implementation of procedures for planning risks of PPP projects and subsequent management.

• Qualitative risk matrices are much used in industry, though different formats impede comparison. • Subjectivity of consequence-frequency estimates using linguistic grading terms limits that as well. • Interval type-2 Fuzzy Set reconciles linguistic interpretation differences and creates gliding scales. • Experts are independently requested to indicate intervals of used terms on a numerical scale. • Novel objective mathematical data treatment yields 3-D readable numerical risk graph and matrix. Risk matrices are widely used to present results of qualitative and semi-quantitative risk assessment for risk management decision making. There are different types of risk matrix category definitions according to the function and risk acceptance criteria. This paper reviews some general weaknesses of current risk matrices and proposes a method to improve the reading ambiguity of linguistically graded qualitative risk matrices. Main topic of this paper is the type of risk matrix that grades event consequence and frequency categories in linguistic terms. Because different people understand the meaning of these terms differently, the aim is to convert subjective quantified term inputs produced by a number of experts independently as much as possible to objective values creating at the same time a clearer and more discriminative result. In other words, the method involves asking various expert users independently to estimate numerical intervals of linguistic grades of event consequence and frequency on a continuous scale while maintaining risk acceptance levels. It is applying a second-generation fuzzy logic technique to express linguistic terms in numbers, called computing with words. This interval type-2 fuzzy system has evolved lately as a decision-making support tool and appears to be well suited to handle uncertainty intrinsic to qualitative linguistic grades, fusing different individual expert estimates in an objective way and to facilitate the reading resolution by introducing gliding numerical scales instead of discrete categories. Examples are given to illustrate the method as well as the use of the technique to aggregate a number of different qualitative risk matrix types into one unified risk matrix. The latter is useful in case a corporate-wide risk matrix exists to standardize risk management across the company, but older versions may still be around which should be fused with the newer ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzes risks in smallholder cattle production. A household survey was carried out among 109 farmers in a village of Sekaran, one of cattle production center in Bojonegoro, East Java. The monthly average income of farmer household was Rp. 293,877 per capita and it has 2-3 cattles on average. A risk matrix was applied to plot 17 risks related to cattle and farmer households into four quadrants based on the occurrence probability and severity level. Drought, feed scarcity, cattle diseases, and farmer sickness had “high probability and severity level”, and therefore were prioritized to be addressed. The logit regression model of feed scarcity, cattle diseases showed that economies of scale significantly reduced risk of feed scarcity but it could increase risk of cattle diseases. Risk of cattle diseases could be reduced significantly by applying more intensive hygiene and treatment. A livestock pattern transformation from individually separated cages under individual farmers into an integrated or colony farm under farmer group is suggested as a risk management strategy in order to achieve economies of scale and effectively control livestock hygiene and treatment.

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Radiation therapy is a complex treatment modality involving several technological and professional resources as well as a large number of attributions of these professionals with a high degree of interdependence. Thus there are many possibilities of failure in the treatment process that may lead to an accidental exposure. So regulatory agencies have established guidelines in their regulations in order to prevent accidental exposures through security analysis planning and risk management. The System of EValuation of Risk in RAdiotherapy, also known as SEVRRA, is based on the risk matrix methodology and allows the risk assessment of radiation therapy facilities in a prescriptive way, highlighting events leading to high-risk levels and severe consequences for individuals. With SEVRRA it is also possible to establish an importance analysis of the barriers proposed to avoid or mitigate such events. This work aimed to demonstrate the application of SEVRRA for the risk management of radiation therapy facilities. The risk profile of the facility was determined by identifying the highest risk level events, and the barriers of greater impact for the overall risk level. After implementing some missing barriers in the original facility profile, it was achieved a reduction from 31% to 8% in the number of events leading to high-risk level, showing the effectiveness of SEVRRA for the risk management in radiation therapy facilities.

The article deals with the main theoretical aspects of risk assessment of industrial enterprises in the short-and long-term periods. The main features of short-term and long-term risks inherent to industrial enterprises have been determined. Comprehensive risk assessment methodology has been developed based on obtaining coherent assessment of the level of short-term and long-term risks. This methodology can be implemented in the form of an express assessment (simplified risk assessment) and in the form of risk matrix (advanced assessment of risks), depending on the objectives of the assessment, available resources and other constraints. The expediency of using an express assessment is, first of all, in the analysis of dynamics of the level of risk at the enterprise. By positioning the risk profile of an enterprise in a certain area of the matrix of risks, it is possible to determine the main reserves for reducing the overall level of risk and increase the effectiveness of risk management. The assessment of the risk level dynamics of activity, obtained in the form of risk vector, also provides significant basis for decision making on risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia de mensuração do nível de controle de riscos inerentes aos processos de qualquer entidade, a partir da construção de um índice de desempenho definido em função da capacidade dos controles mitigarem os riscos e da eficácia dos controles implantados. O modelo possibilita ao gestor de riscos identificar para quais riscos são necessárias ações de melhoria de controle, quais possuem níveis de controles adequados e quais controles em excesso, contribuindo, assim, para a otimização da aplicação dos recursos disponíveis para a gestão de riscos e controles internos nas empresas. A metodologia foi aplicada a um estudo de caso e mostrou-se satisfatória do ponto de vista de avaliação e identificação dos níveis de controle.This paper presents a control measurement methodology applied in the processes performed by any entity. The methodology is derived from the analysis of the mitigation capabilities of the controls currently in use by the entity. The method enables risk managers to identify which risks require urgent actions to improve the control levels, which risks are already adequately controlled and which ones are in a situation of excessive control. This kind of information can play an important role to improve the application of available internal risk and control management resources in companies. The methodology was applied to a case study and revealed to be a satisfactory tool to assess and identify control levels.

Risk matrices are widely used in risk management. They are a regular feature in various risk management standards and guidelines and are also used as formal corporate risk acceptance criteria. It is only recently, however, that scientific publications have appeared that discuss the weaknesses of the risk matrix. The objective of this paper is to explore these weaknesses, and provide recommendations for the use and design of risk matrices. The paper reviews the few relevant publications and adds some observations of its own in order to emphasize existing recommendations and add some suggestions. The recommendations cover a range of issues, among them: the relation between coloring the risk matrix and the definition of risk and major hazard aversion; the qualitative, subjective assessment of likelihood and consequence; the scaling of the discrete likelihood and consequence categories; and the use of corporate risk matrix standards. Finally, it proposes a probability consequence diagram with continuous scales; providing, in some instances, an alternative to the risk matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]