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Abstract Background Identifying the risk factors leading to hypertension can help explain why some populations are at a greater risk for developing hypertension than others. The present study seeks to identify the association between the risk factors of hypertension in 35- to 65-year-old participants in western Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 9705 adults from baseline data of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study, in the west region of Iran. Each of the latent variables were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we assessed the direct and indirect effects of factors associated with blood pressure. Results Socioeconomic status (SES), physical activity, mean of serum lipids, obesity, diabetes and family history of hypertension had a diverse impact on the blood pressure, directly and (or) indirectly. The standardized total effect of SES, physical activity, mean of serum lipids, and obesity were -0.09 vs. -0.14, -0.04 vs. -0.04, 0.13 vs. 0.13 and 0.24 vs. 0.15 in men and women, respectively. Diabetes had a direct relationship with the blood pressure in women (0.03). Conclusion With regard to control of high blood pressure, public health interventions must target obesity, lifestyle and other risk related to nutritional status such as hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in Iranian population and among those with higher SES.