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1. Alcohol drinking and head and neck cancer risk: the joint effect of intensity and duration

Author

Di Credico, Gioia, Polesel, Jerry, Dal Maso, Luigino, Pauli, Francesco, Torelli, Nicola, Luce, Daniele, Radoï, Loredana, Matsuo, Keitaro, Serraino, Diego, Brennan, Paul, Holcatova, Ivana, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Lagiou, Pagona, Canova, Cristina, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Healy, Claire M, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Conway, David I, Macfarlane, Gary J, Thomson, Peter, Agudo, Antonio, Znaor, Ariana, Franceschi, Silvia, Herrero, Rolando, Toporcov, Tatiana N, Moyses, Raquel A, Muscat, Joshua, Negri, Eva, Vilensky, Marta, Fernandez, Leticia, Curado, Maria Paula, Menezes, Ana, Daudt, Alexander W, Koifman, Rosalina, Wunsch-Filho, Victor, Olshan, Andrew F, Zevallos, Jose P, Sturgis, Erich M, Li, Guojun, Levi, Fabio, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Morgenstern, Hal, Smith, Elaine, Lazarus, Philip, La Vecchia, Carlo, Garavello, Werner, Chen, Chu, Schwartz, Stephen M, Zheng, Tongzhang, Vaughan, Thomas L, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael, Benhamou, Simone, Hayes, Richard B, Purdue, Mark P, Gillison, Maura, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo-Pei, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Boffetta, Paolo, Hashibe, Mia, Yuan-Chin, Amy Lee, and Edefonti, Valeria

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Digestive Diseases, Cancer, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Tobacco, Substance Misuse, Tobacco Smoke and Health, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Case-Control Studies, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Laryngeal Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Mouth Neoplasms, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking, Time Factors, Young Adult, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundAlcohol is a well-established risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aims to explore the effect of alcohol intensity and duration, as joint continuous exposures, on HNC risk.MethodsData from 26 case-control studies in the INHANCE Consortium were used, including never and current drinkers who drunk ≤10 drinks/day for ≤54 years (24234 controls, 4085 oral cavity, 3359 oropharyngeal, 983 hypopharyngeal and 3340 laryngeal cancers). The dose-response relationship between the risk and the joint exposure to drinking intensity and duration was investigated through bivariate regression spline models, adjusting for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking.ResultsFor all subsites, cancer risk steeply increased with increasing drinks/day, with no appreciable threshold effect at lower intensities. For each intensity level, the risk of oral cavity, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers did not vary according to years of drinking, suggesting no effect of duration. For oropharyngeal cancer, the risk increased with durations up to 28 years, flattening thereafter. The risk peaked at the higher levels of intensity and duration for all subsites (odds ratio = 7.95 for oral cavity, 12.86 for oropharynx, 24.96 for hypopharynx and 6.60 for larynx).ConclusionsPresent results further encourage the reduction of alcohol intensity to mitigate HNC risk.

Published
2020

2. Age at start of using tobacco on the risk of head and neck cancer: Pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium (INHANCE)

Author

Chang, Chun-Pin, Chang, Shen-Chih, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Berthiller, Julien, Ferro, Gilles, Matsuo, Keitaro, Wünsch-Filho, Victor, Toporcov, Tatiana N, de Carvalho, Marcos Brasilino, La Vecchia, Carlo, Olshan, Andrew F, Zevallos, Jose P, Serraino, Diego, Muscat, Joshua, Sturgis, Erich M, Li, Guojun, Morgenstern, Hal, Levi, Fabio, Dal Maso, Luigino, Smith, Elaine, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael, Vaughan, Thomas L, Lazarus, Philip, Ramroth, Heribert, Chen, Chu, Schwartz, Stephen M, Winn, Deborah M, Bosetti, Cristina, Edefonti, Valeria, Garavello, Werner, Negri, Eva, Hayes, Richard B, Purdue, Mark P, Boccia, Stefania, Cadoni, Gabriella, Shangina, Oxana, Koifman, Rosalina, Curado, Maria Paula, Vilensky, Marta, Swiatkowska, Beata, Herrero, Rolando, Franceschi, Silvia, Benhamou, Simone, Fernandez, Leticia, Menezes, Ana MB, Daudt, Alexander W, Mates, Dana, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo-Pei, Lissowska, Jolanta, Brenner, Hermann, Fabianova, Eleonora, Rudnai, Peter, Brennan, Paul, Boffetta, Paolo, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Hashibe, Mia, and Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Epidemiology, Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Public Health, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Cancer, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Substance Misuse, Tobacco, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Nicotiana, Age at start of tobacco use, Head and neck cancer, Oral cancer, Oropharyngeal cancer, Hypopharyngeal cancer, Laryngeal cancer, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundTobacco use is a well-established risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, less is known about the potential impact of exposure to tobacco at an early age on HNC risk.MethodsWe analyzed individual-level data on ever tobacco smokers from 27 case-control studies (17,146 HNC cases and 17,449 controls) in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects logistic regression models.ResultsWithout adjusting for tobacco packyears, we observed that younger age at starting tobacco use was associated with an increased HNC risk for ever smokers (OR

Published
2019

3. Joint effects of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on the risk of head and neck cancer: A bivariate spline model approach

Author

Di Credico, Gioia, Edefonti, Valeria, Polesel, Jerry, Pauli, Francesco, Torelli, Nicola, Serraino, Diego, Negri, Eva, Luce, Daniele, Stucker, Isabelle, Matsuo, Keitaro, Brennan, Paul, Vilensky, Marta, Fernandez, Leticia, Curado, Maria Paula, Menezes, Ana, Daudt, Alexander W, Koifman, Rosalina, Wunsch-Filho, Victor, Holcatova, Ivana, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Lagiou, Pagona, Simonato, Lorenzo, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Healy, Claire, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Conway, David I, Macfarlane, Tatiana V, Thomson, Peter, Agudo, Antonio, Znaor, Ariana, Rios, Leonardo F Boaventura, Toporcov, Tatiana N, Franceschi, Silvia, Herrero, Rolando, Muscat, Joshua, Olshan, Andrew F, Zevallos, Jose P, La Vecchia, Carlo, Winn, Deborah M, Sturgis, Erich M, Li, Guojun, Fabianova, Eleonora, Lissowska, Jolanda, Mates, Dana, Rudnai, Peter, Shangina, Oxana, Swiatkowska, Beata, Moysich, Kirsten, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Morgenstern, Hal, Levi, Fabio, Smith, Elaine, Lazarus, Philip, Bosetti, Cristina, Garavello, Werner, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael, Ramroth, Heribert, Chen, Chu, Schwartz, Stephen M, Vaughan, Thomas L, Zheng, Tongzhang, Menvielle, Gwenn, Boccia, Stefania, Cadoni, Gabriella, Hayes, Richard B, Purdue, Mark, Gillison, Maura, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo-Pei, Brenner, Hermann, D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Gross, Neil D, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Boffetta, Paolo, Hashibe, Mia, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, and Dal Maso, Luigino

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Prevention, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Substance Misuse, Tobacco, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Rare Diseases, Cancer, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Cigarette Smoking, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Bivariate spline models, Cigarette smoking duration, Cigarette smoking intensity, Head and neck cancer, INHANCE, Laryngeal cancer, Oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers, Dentistry, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

ObjectivesThis study aimed at re-evaluating the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between the combined (or joint) effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We explored this issue considering bivariate spline models, where smoking intensity and duration were treated as interacting continuous exposures.Materials and methodsWe pooled individual-level data from 33 case-control studies (18,260 HNC cases and 29,844 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. In bivariate regression spline models, exposures to cigarette smoking intensity and duration (compared with never smokers) were modeled as a linear piecewise function within a logistic regression also including potential confounders. We jointly estimated the optimal knot locations and regression parameters within the Bayesian framework.ResultsFor oral-cavity/pharyngeal (OCP) cancers, an odds ratio (OR) >5 was reached after 30 years in current smokers of ∼20 or more cigarettes/day. Patterns of OCP cancer risk in current smokers differed across strata of alcohol intensity. For laryngeal cancer, ORs >20 were found for current smokers of ≥20 cigarettes/day for ≥30  years. In former smokers who quit ≥10  years ago, the ORs were approximately halved for OCP cancers, and ∼1/3 for laryngeal cancer, as compared to the same levels of intensity and duration in current smokers.ConclusionReferring to bivariate spline models, this study better quantified the joint effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on HNC risk, further stressing the need of smoking cessation policies.

Published
2019

4. Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium

Author

Kawakita, Daisuke, Lee, Yuan‐Chin Amy, Turati, Federica, Parpinel, Maria, Decarli, Adriano, Serraino, Diego, Matsuo, Keitaro, Olshan, Andrew F, Zevallos, Jose P, Winn, Deborah M, Moysich, Kirsten, Zhang, Zuo‐Feng, Morgenstern, Hal, Levi, Fabio, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael, Bosetti, Cristina, Garavello, Werner, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo‐Pei, Boffetta, Paolo, Chuang, Shu‐Chun, Hashibe, Mia, Ferraroni, Monica, La Vecchia, Carlo, and Edefonti, Valeria

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Prevention, Cancer, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Oral and gastrointestinal, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Case-Control Studies, Dietary Fiber, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Laryngeal Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Tobacco, dietary fiber intake, INHANCE, head and neck cancer, laryngeal cancer, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

The possible role of dietary fiber in the etiology of head neck cancers (HNCs) is unclear. We used individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, to examine the association between fiber intake and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Odds Ratios (ORs) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression applied to quintile categories of non-alcohol energy-adjusted fiber intake and adjusted for tobacco and alcohol use and other known or putative confounders. Fiber intake was inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer combined (OR for 5th vs. 1st quintile category = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59; p for trend

Published
2017

5. Low frequency of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer in the INHANCE consortium pooled analysis

Author

Berthiller, Julien, Straif, Kurt, Agudo, Antonio, Ahrens, Wolfgang, dos Santos, Alexandre Bezerra, Boccia, Stefania, Cadoni, Gabriella, Canova, Cristina, Castellsague, Xavier, Chen, Chu, Conway, David, Curado, Maria Paula, Dal Maso, Luigino, Daudt, Alexander W, Fabianova, Eleonora, Fernandez, Leticia, Franceschi, Silvia, Fukuyama, Erica E, Hayes, Richard B, Healy, Claire, Herrero, Rolando, Holcatova, Ivana, Kelsey, Karl, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Koifman, Sergio, Lagiou, Pagona, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lazarus, Philip, Levi, Fabio, Lissowska, Jolanta, Macfarlane, Tatiana, Mates, Dana, McClean, Michael, Menezes, Ana, Merletti, Franco, Morgenstern, Hal, Muscat, Joshua, Olshan, Andrew F, Purdue, Mark, Ramroth, Heribert, Rudnai, Peter, Schwartz, Stephen M, Serraino, Diego, Shangina, Oxana, Smith, Elaine, Sturgis, Erich M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila, Thomson, Peter, Vaughan, Thomas L, Vilensky, Marta, Wei, Qingyi, Winn, Deborah M, Wünsch-Filho, Victor, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Znaor, Ariana, Ferro, Gilles, Brennan, Paul, Boffetta, Paolo, Hashibe, Mia, and Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy

Subjects
Cancer, Prevention, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Substance Misuse, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Tobacco, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Case-Control Studies, Cigarette Smoking, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Public Health, Risk Factors, Head and neck cancer, low frequency cigarette smoking, risk factors, pooled analysis, Statistics, Public Health and Health Services, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundCigarette smoking is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). To our knowledge, low cigarette smoking (0-3, >3-5, >5-10 cigarettes per day.ResultsSmoking >0-3 cigarettes per day was associated with a 50% increased risk of HNC in the study population [odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.21, 1.90). Smoking >3-5 cigarettes per day was associated in each subgroup from OR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.22, 3.31) among never alcohol drinkers to OR = 2.74 (95% CI: 2.01, 3.74) among women and in each cancer site, particularly laryngeal cancer (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.40, 5.05). However, the observed increased risk of HNC for low smoking frequency was not found among smokers with smoking duration shorter than 20 years.ConclusionOur results suggest a public health message that low frequency of cigarette consumption contributes to the development of HNC. However, smoking duration seems to play at least an equal or a stronger role in the development of HNC.

Published
2016

6. Relation of allium vegetables intake with head and neck cancers: Evidence from the INHANCE consortium

Author

Galeone, Carlotta, Turati, Federica, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Guercio, Valentina, Tavani, Alessandra, Serraino, Diego, Brennan, Paul, Fabianova, Eleonora, Lissowska, Jola, Mates, Dana, Rudnai, Peter, Shangina, Oxana, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila, Vaughan, Thomas L, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael, Levi, Fabio, Hayes, Richard B, Purdue, Mark P, Bosetti, Cristina, Brenner, Hermann, Pelucchi, Claudio, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, Hashibe, Mia, Boffetta, Paolo, and La Vecchia, Carlo

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Rare Diseases, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Cancer, Allium, Case-Control Studies, Diet, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Logistic Models, Risk Factors, Vegetables, Allium vegetables, Garlic, Onion, Food Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Food Science, Nutrition & Dietetics, Food sciences, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

ScopeOnly a few studies analyzed the role of allium vegetables with reference to head and neck cancers (HNC), with mixed results. We investigated the potential favorable role of garlic and onion within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium.Methods and resultsWe analyzed pooled individual-level data from eight case-control studies, including 4590 cases and 7082 controls. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between garlic and onion intakes and HNC risk. Compared with no or low garlic use, the ORs of HNC were 0.95 (95% CI 0.71-1.27) for intermediate and 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.99) for high garlic use (p for trend = 0.02). The ORs of HNC for increasing categories of onion intake were 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-1.21) for >1 to ≤3 portions per week, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60-1.13) for >3 portions per week (p for trend = 0.02), as compared to

Published
2015

7. Natural vitamin C intake and the risk of head and neck cancer: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium

Author

Edefonti, Valeria, Hashibe, Mia, Parpinel, Maria, Turati, Federica, Serraino, Diego, Matsuo, Keitaro, Olshan, Andrew F, Zevallos, Jose P, Winn, Deborah M, Moysich, Kirsten, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Morgenstern, Hal, Levi, Fabio, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael, Bosetti, Cristina, Galeone, Carlotta, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo-Pei, Boffetta, Paolo, Amy Lee, Yuan-Chin, Chuang, Shu-Chun, La Vecchia, Carlo, and Decarli, Adriano

Subjects
Prevention, Nutrition, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Cancer, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Ascorbic Acid, Case-Control Studies, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, International Agencies, Italy, Japan, Logistic Models, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Switzerland, United States, Vitamins, head and neck cancer, INHANCE, laryngeal cancer, oral and pharyngeal cancer, vitamin C, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Evidence of associations between single nutrients and head and neck cancer (HNC) is still more limited and less consistent than that for fruit and vegetables. However, clarification of the protective mechanisms of fruit and vegetables is important to our understanding of HNC etiology. We investigated the association between vitamin C intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx using individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5,959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. After harmonization of study-specific exposure information via the residual method, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models on quintile categories of 'non-alcohol energy-adjusted' vitamin C intake. In the presence of heterogeneity of the estimated ORs among studies, we derived those estimates from generalized linear mixed models. Higher intakes of vitamin C were inversely related to oral and pharyngeal (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45-0.65, for the fifth quintile category versus the first one, p for trend

Published
2015

8. Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case‐control studies from 27 countries

Author

Conway, David I, Brenner, Darren R, McMahon, Alex D, Macpherson, Lorna MD, Agudo, Antonio, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Bosetti, Cristina, Brenner, Hermann, Castellsague, Xavier, Chen, Chu, Curado, Maria Paula, Curioni, Otávio A, Dal Maso, Luigino, Daudt, Alexander W, de Gois Filho, José F, D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Edefonti, Valeria, Fabianova, Eleonora, Fernandez, Leticia, Franceschi, Silvia, Gillison, Maura, Hayes, Richard B, Healy, Claire M, Herrero, Rolando, Holcatova, Ivana, Jayaprakash, Vijayvel, Kelsey, Karl, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Koifman, Sergio, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lagiou, Pagona, Lazarus, Philip, Levi, Fabio, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luce, Daniele, Macfarlane, Tatiana V, Mates, Dana, Matos, Elena, McClean, Michael, Menezes, Ana M, Menvielle, Gwenn, Merletti, Franco, Morgenstern, Hal, Moysich, Kirsten, Müller, Heiko, Muscat, Joshua, Olshan, Andrew F, Purdue, Mark P, Ramroth, Heribert, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rudnai, Peter, Schantz, Stimson, Schwartz, Stephen M, Shangina, Oxana, Simonato, Lorenzo, Smith, Elaine, Stucker, Isabelle, Sturgis, Erich M, Szeszenia‐Dabrowska, Neonila, Talamini, Renato, Thomson, Peter, Vaughan, Thomas L, Wei, Qingyi, Winn, Deborah M, Wunsch‐Filho, Victor, Yu, Guo‐Pei, Zhang, Zuo‐Feng, Zheng, Tongzhang, Znaor, Ariana, Boffetta, Paolo, Chuang, Shu‐Chun, Ghodrat, Marianoosh, Lee, Yuan‐Chin Amy, Hashibe, Mia, and Brennan, Paul

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Tobacco, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Cancer, Prevention, Substance Misuse, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Reduced Inequalities, Good Health and Well Being, Alcohol Drinking, Case-Control Studies, Education, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Global Health, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Income, Male, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, head and neck cancer, socioeconomic inequalities, epidemiology, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Low socioeconomic status has been reported to be associated with head and neck cancer risk. However, previous studies have been too small to examine the associations by cancer subsite, age, sex, global region and calendar time and to explain the association in terms of behavioral risk factors. Individual participant data of 23,964 cases with head and neck cancer and 31,954 controls from 31 studies in 27 countries pooled with random effects models. Overall, low education was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 2.02 - 3.09). Overall one-third of the increased risk was not explained by differences in the distribution of cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors; and it remained elevated among never users of tobacco and nondrinkers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.13 - 2.31). More of the estimated education effect was not explained by cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors: in women than in men, in older than younger groups, in the oropharynx than in other sites, in South/Central America than in Europe/North America and was strongest in countries with greater income inequality. Similar findings were observed for the estimated effect of low versus high household income. The lowest levels of income and educational attainment were associated with more than 2-fold increased risk of head and neck cancer, which is not entirely explained by differences in the distributions of behavioral risk factors for these cancers and which varies across cancer sites, sexes, countries and country income inequality levels.

Published
2015

9. Risk factors for head and neck cancer in young adults: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium

Author

Toporcov, Tatiana Natasha, Znaor, Ariana, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Yu, Guo-Pei, Winn, Deborah M, Wei, Qingyi, Vilensky, Marta, Vaughan, Thomas, Thomson, Peter, Talamini, Renato, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila, Sturgis, Erich M, Smith, Elaine, Shangina, Oxana, Schwartz, Stephen M, Schantz, Stimson, Rudnai, Peter, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Ramroth, Heribert, Purdue, Mark P, Olshan, Andrew F, Eluf-Neto, José, Muscat, Joshua, Moyses, Raquel Ajub, Morgenstern, Hal, Menezes, Ana, McClean, Michael, Matsuo, Keitaro, Mates, Dana, Macfarlane, Tatiana V, Lissowska, Jolanta, Levi, Fabio, Lazarus, Philip, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lagiou, Pagona, Koifman, Sergio, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Kelsey, Karl, Holcatova, Ivana, Herrero, Rolando, Healy, Claire, Hayes, Richard B, Franceschi, Silvia, Fernandez, Leticia, Fabianova, Eleonora, Daudt, Alexander W, Curioni, Otávio Alberto, Maso, Luigino Dal, Curado, Maria Paula, Conway, David I, Chen, Chu, Castellsague, Xavier, Canova, Cristina, Cadoni, Gabriella, Brennan, Paul, Boccia, Stefania, Antunes, José Leopoldo Ferreira, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Agudo, Antonio, Boffetta, Paolo, Hashibe, Mia, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, and Filho, Victor Wünsch

Subjects
Prevention, Cancer, Clinical Research, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Aging, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking, Head and neck neoplasms, adult, smoking, alcohol drinking, diet, Statistics, Public Health and Health Services, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundIncreasing incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in young adults has been reported. We aimed to compare the role of major risk factors and family history of cancer in HNC in young adults and older patients.MethodsWe pooled data from 25 case-control studies and conducted separate analyses for adults ≤ 45 years old ('young adults', 2010 cases and 4042 controls) and >45 years old ('older adults', 17700 cases and 22 704 controls). Using logistic regression with studies treated as random effects, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe young group of cases had a higher proportion of oral tongue cancer (16.0% in women; 11.0% in men) and unspecified oral cavity / oropharynx cancer (16.2%; 11.1%) and a lower proportion of larynx cancer (12.1%; 16.6%) than older adult cases. The proportions of never smokers or never drinkers among female cases were higher than among male cases in both age groups. Positive associations with HNC and duration or pack-years of smoking and drinking were similar across age groups. However, the attributable fractions (AFs) for smoking and drinking were lower in young when compared with older adults (AFs for smoking in young women, older women, young men and older men, respectively, = 19.9% (95% CI=9.8%, 27.9%), 48.9% (46.6%, 50.8%), 46.2% (38.5%, 52.5%), 64.3% (62.2%, 66.4%); AFs for drinking=5.3% (-11.2%, 18.0%), 20.0% (14.5%, 25.0%), 21.5% (5.0%, 34.9%) and 50.4% (46.1%, 54.3%). A family history of early-onset cancer was associated with HNC risk in the young [OR=2.27 (95% CI=1.26, 4.10)], but not in the older adults [OR=1.10 (0.91, 1.31)]. The attributable fraction for family history of early-onset cancer was 23.2% (8.60% to 31.4%) in young compared with 2.20% (-2.41%, 5.80%) in older adults.ConclusionsDifferences in HNC aetiology according to age group may exist. The lower AF of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in young adults may be due to the reduced length of exposure due to the lower age. Other characteristics, such as those that are inherited, may play a more important role in HNC in young adults compared with older adults.

Published
2015

10. Adult height and head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis within the INHANCE Consortium

Author

Leoncini, Emanuele, Ricciardi, Walter, Cadoni, Gabriella, Arzani, Dario, Petrelli, Livia, Paludetti, Gaetano, Brennan, Paul, Luce, Daniele, Stucker, Isabelle, Matsuo, Keitaro, Talamini, Renato, La Vecchia, Carlo, Olshan, Andrew F, Winn, Deborah M, Herrero, Rolando, Franceschi, Silvia, Castellsague, Xavier, Muscat, Joshua, Morgenstern, Hal, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Levi, Fabio, Dal Maso, Luigino, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael, Vaughan, Thomas L, Lazarus, Philip, Purdue, Mark P, Hayes, Richard B, Chen, Chu, Schwartz, Stephen M, Shangina, Oxana, Koifman, Sergio, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Matos, Elena, Lagiou, Pagona, Lissowska, Jolanta, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila, Fernandez, Leticia, Menezes, Ana, Agudo, Antonio, Daudt, Alexander W, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Mates, Dana, Betka, Jaroslav, Yu, Guo-Pei, Schantz, Stimson, Simonato, Lorenzo, Brenner, Hermann, Conway, David I, Macfarlane, Tatiana V, Thomson, Peter, Fabianova, Eleonora, Znaor, Ariana, Rudnai, Peter, Healy, Claire, Boffetta, Paolo, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, Hashibe, Mia, and Boccia, Stefania

Subjects
Tobacco Smoke and Health, Clinical Research, Prevention, Tobacco, Cancer, Rare Diseases, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Body Height, Case-Control Studies, Educational Status, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Incidence, Interviews as Topic, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Overweight, Risk Factors, Smoking, Height, Consortium, Head and neck neoplasms, Public Health and Health Services, Epidemiology
Abstract

Several epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between adult height and cancer incidence. The only study conducted among women on mouth and pharynx cancer risk, however, reported an inverse association. This study aims to investigate the association between height and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) within a large international consortium of HNC. We analyzed pooled individual-level data from 24 case-control studies participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated separately for men and women for associations between height and HNC risk. Educational level, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption were included in all regression models. Stratified analyses by HNC subsites were performed. This project included 17,666 cases and 28,198 controls. We found an inverse association between height and HNC (adjusted OR per 10 cm height = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.95 for men; adjusted OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93 for women). In men, the estimated OR did vary by educational level, smoking status, geographic area, and control source. No differences by subsites were detected. Adult height is inversely associated with HNC risk. As height can be considered a marker of childhood illness and low energy intake, the inverse association is consistent with prior studies showing that HNC occur more frequently among deprived individuals. Further studies designed to elucidate the mechanism of such association would be warranted.

Published
2014

11. Diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium

Author

Chuang, Shu-Chun, Jenab, Mazda, Heck, Julia E, Bosetti, Cristina, Talamini, Renato, Matsuo, Keitaro, Castellsague, Xavier, Franceschi, Silvia, Herrero, Rolando, Winn, Deborah M, Vecchia, Carlo La, Morgenstern, Hal, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Levi, Fabio, Maso, Luigino Dal, Kelsey, Karl, McClean, Michael D, Vaughan, Thomas, Lazarus, Philip, Muscat, Joshua, Ramroth, Heribert, Chen, Chu, Schwartz, Stephen M, Eluf-Neto, Jose, Hayes, Richard B, Purdue, Mark, Boccia, Stefania, Cadoni, Gabriella, Zaridze, David, Koifman, Sergio, Curado, Maria Paula, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Benhamou, Simone, Matos, Elena, Lagiou, Pagona, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilla, Olshan, Andrew F, Fernandez, Leticia, Menezes, Ana, Agudo, Antonio, Daudt, Alexander W, Merletti, Franco, Macfarlane, Gary J, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Mates, Dana, Holcatova, Ivana, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo-Pei, Simonato, Lorenzo, Brenner, Hermann, Mueller, Heiko, Conway, David I, Thomson, Peter, Fabianova, Eleonora, Znaor, Ariana, Rudnai, Peter, Healy, Claire M, Ferro, Gilles, Brennan, Paul, Boffetta, Paolo, and Hashibe, Mia

Subjects
Nutrition, Cancer, Prevention, Clinical Research, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Diet, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Head and neck cancer, Fruit and vegetable, Red meat, Processed meat, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services, Epidemiology
Abstract

We investigated the association between diet and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk using data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. The INHANCE pooled data included 22 case-control studies with 14,520 cases and 22,737 controls. Center-specific quartiles among the controls were used for food groups, and frequencies per week were used for single food items. A dietary pattern score combining high fruit and vegetable intake and low red meat intake was created. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the dietary items on the risk of HNC were estimated with a two-stage random-effects logistic regression model. An inverse association was observed for higher-frequency intake of fruit (4th vs. 1st quartile OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.43-0.62, p (trend) < 0.01) and vegetables (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49-0.90, p (trend) = 0.01). Intake of red meat (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.13-1.74, p (trend) = 0.13) and processed meat (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.14-1.65, p (trend) < 0.01) was positively associated with HNC risk. Higher dietary pattern scores, reflecting high fruit/vegetable and low red meat intake, were associated with reduced HNC risk (per score increment OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84-0.97).

Published
2012

12. Lessons learned from the INHANCE consortium: An overview of recent results on head and neck cancer

Author

Bravi, Francesca, Lee, Yuan‐Chin Amy, Hashibe, Mia, Boffetta, Paolo, Conway, David I., Ferraroni, Monica, La Vecchia, Carlo, Edefonti, Valeria, Agudo, Antonio, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Benhamou, Simone, Boccia, Stefania, Brennan, Paul, Brenner, Hermann, Cadoni, Gabriella, Canova, Cristina, Chen, Chu, Chuang, Shu‐Chun, Curado, Maria Paula, Dal Maso, Luigino, Daudt, Alexander W., D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Fabianova, Eleonora, Fernandez, Leticia, Franceschi, Silvia, Garavello, Werner, Gillison, Maura, Gross, Neil D., Hayes, Richard B., Healy, Claire, Herrero, Rolando, Holcatova, Ivana, Kelsey, Karl, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Koifman, Rosalina, Lagiou, Pagona, Lazarus, Philip, Levi, Fabio, Li, Guojun, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luce, Daniele, Macfarlane, Gary J., Mates, Dana, Matsuo, Keitaro, McClean, Michael, Menezes, Ana, Menvielle, Gwenn, Morgenstern, Hal, Moyses, Raquel A., Moysich, Kirsten, Muscat, Joshua, Negri, Eva, Olshan, Andrew F., Pandics, Tamas, Polesel, Jerry, Purdue, Mark P., Radoï, Loredana, Ramroth, Heribert, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Schantz, Stimson, Schwartz, Stephen M., Serraino, Diego, Shangina, Oxana, Smith, Elaine, Sturgis, Erich M., Świątkowska, Beata, Thomson, Peter, Toporcov, Tatiana N., Vaughan, Thomas L., Vilensky, Marta, Winn, Deborah M., Wunsch‐Filho, Victor, Yu, Guo‐Pei, Zevallos, Jose P, Zhang, Zuo‐Feng, Zheng, Tongzhang, Znaor, Ariana, Bravi, F, Lee, Y, Hashibe, M, Boffetta, P, Conway, D, Ferraroni, M, La Vecchia, C, Edefonti, V, Agudo, A, Ahrens, W, Benhamou, S, Boccia, S, Brennan, P, Brenner, H, Cadoni, G, Canova, C, Chen, C, Chuang, S, Curado, M, Dal Maso, L, Daudt, A, D'Souza, G, Fabianova, E, Fernandez, L, Franceschi, S, Garavello, W, Gillison, M, Gross, N, Hayes, R, Healy, C, Herrero, R, Holcatova, I, Kelsey, K, Kjaerheim, K, Koifman, R, Lagiou, P, Lazarus, P, Levi, F, Li, G, Lissowska, J, Luce, D, Macfarlane, G, Mates, D, Matsuo, K, Mcclean, M, Menezes, A, Menvielle, G, Morgenstern, H, Moyses, R, Moysich, K, Muscat, J, Negri, E, Olshan, A, Pandics, T, Polesel, J, Purdue, M, Radoi, L, Ramroth, H, Richiardi, L, Schantz, S, Schwartz, S, Serraino, D, Shangina, O, Smith, E, Sturgis, E, Swiatkowska, B, Thomson, P, Toporcov, T, Vaughan, T, Vilensky, M, Winn, D, Wunsch-Filho, V, Yu, G, Zevallos, J, Zhang, Z, Zheng, T, Znaor, A, Bravi F., Lee Y.-C.A., Hashibe M., Boffetta P., Conway D.I., Ferraroni M., La Vecchia C., Edefonti V., Agudo A., Ahrens W., Benhamou S., Boccia S., Brennan P., Brenner H., Cadoni G., Canova C., Chen C., Chuang S.-C., Curado M.P., Dal Maso L., Daudt A.W., D'Souza G., Fabianova E., Fernandez L., Franceschi S., Garavello W., Gillison M., Gross N.D., Hayes R.B., Healy C., Herrero R., Holcatova I., Kelsey K., Kjaerheim K., Koifman R., Lagiou P., Lazarus P., Levi F., Li G., Lissowska J., Luce D., Macfarlane G.J., Mates D., Matsuo K., McClean M., Menezes A., Menvielle G., Morgenstern H., Moyses R.A., Moysich K., Muscat J., Negri E., Olshan A.F., Pandics T., Polesel J., Purdue M.P., Radoi L., Ramroth H., Richiardi L., Schantz S., Schwartz S.M., Serraino D., Shangina O., Smith E., Sturgis E.M., Swiatkowska B., Thomson P., Toporcov T.N., Vaughan T.L., Vilensky M., Winn D.M., Wunsch-Filho V., Yu G.-P., Zevallos J.P., Zhang Z.-F., Zheng T., and Znaor A.

Subjects
INHANCE, medicine.medical_specialty, Oral health, Cancer recurrence, Article, Tobacco Use, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, pooled analysi, prognostic factor, General Dentistry, Beneficial effects, Head and Neck Neoplasm, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Head and neck cancer, oral cavity cancer, Case-control study, prognostic factors, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, risk factor, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Etiology, laryngeal cancer, head and neck cancer, Settore MED/31 - OTORINOLARINGOIATRIA, pooled analysis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Case-Control Studie, business, Human
Abstract

Objective:\ud \ud To summarize the latest evidence on head and neck cancer epidemiology from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium.\ud \ud Subjects and Methods:\ud \ud INHANCE was established in 2004 to elucidate the etiology of head and neck cancer through pooled analyses of individual‐level data on a large scale. We summarize results from recent INHANCE‐based publications updating our 2015 overview.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Seventeen papers were published between 2015 and May 2020. These studies further define the nature of risks associated with tobacco and alcohol, and occupational exposures on head and neck cancer. The beneficial effects on incidence of head and neck cancer were identified for good oral health, endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors, and selected aspects of diet related to fruit and vegetables. INHANCE has begun to develop risk prediction models and to pool follow‐up data on their studies, finding that ~30% of cases had cancer recurrence and 9% second primary cancers, with overall‐ and disease‐specific 5‐year‐survival of 51% and 57%, respectively.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud The number and importance of INHANCE scientific findings provides further evidence of the advantages of large‐scale internationally collaborative projects and will support the development of prevention strategies.

Published
2020
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14. Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a pooled analysis of individual participant data in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2).

Author

Crous-Bou, Marta, Du, Mengmeng, Gunter, Marc J, Setiawan, Veronica W, Schouten, Leo J, Shu, Xiao-ou, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Cook, Linda S, Friedenreich, Christine M, Gapstur, Susan M, Goodman, Marc T, Ibiebele, Torukiri I, La Vecchia, Carlo, Levi, Fabio, Liao, Linda M, Negri, Eva, McCann, Susan E, O'Connell, Kelly, and Palmer, Julie R

Subjects
OBESITY, COFFEE, CONFIDENCE intervals, RISK assessment, ENDOMETRIAL tumors, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ODDS ratio, STATISTICAL models, DATA analysis software, DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry, SECONDARY analysis, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Background Epidemiologic studies suggest that coffee consumption may be inversely associated with risk of endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. Furthermore, coffee consumption may lower circulating concentrations of estrogen and insulin, hormones implicated in endometrial carcinogenesis. Antioxidants and other chemopreventive compounds in coffee may have anticarcinogenic effects. Based on available meta-analyses, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) concluded that consumption of coffee probably protects against EC. Objectives Our main aim was to examine the association between coffee consumption and EC risk by combining individual-level data in a pooled analysis. We also sought to evaluate potential effect modification by other risk factors for EC. Methods We combined individual-level data from 19 epidemiologic studies (6 cohort, 13 case–control) of 12,159 EC cases and 27,479 controls from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and their corresponding 95% CIs. All models were adjusted for potential confounders including age, race, BMI, smoking status, diabetes status, study design, and study site. Results Coffee drinkers had a lower risk of EC than non–coffee drinkers (multiadjusted OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.95). There was a dose–response relation between higher coffee consumption and lower risk of EC: compared with non–coffee drinkers, the adjusted pooled ORs for those who drank 1, 2–3, and >4 cups/d were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.00), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.95), and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.87), respectively (P -trend < 0.001). The inverse association between coffee consumption and EC risk was stronger in participants with BMI > 25 kg/m2. Conclusions The results of the largest analysis to date pooling individual-level data further support the potentially beneficial health effects of coffee consumption in relation to EC, especially among females with higher BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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16. Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer risk : a pooled analysis of the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium

Author

Felix, Ashley S., Gaudet, Mia M., La Vecchia, Carlo, Nagle, Christina M., Ou Shu, Xiao, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Olov Adami, Hans, Beresford, Shirley, Bernstein, Leslie, Chen, Chu, Cook, Linda S., De Vivo, Immaculata, Doherty, Jennifer A., Friedenreich, Christine M., Gapstur, Susan M., Hill, Dierdre, Horn-Ross, Pamela L., Lacey, James V., Levi, Fabio, Liang, Xiaolin, Lu, Lingeng, Magliocco, Anthony, McCann, Susan E., Negri, Eva, Olson, Sara H., Palmer, Julie R., Patel, Alpa V., Petruzella, Stacey, Prescott, Jennifer, Risch, Harvey A., Rosenberg, Lynn, Sherman, Mark E., Spurdle, Amanda B., Webb, Penelope M., Wise, Lauren A., Xiang, Yong-Bing, Xu, Wanghong, Yang, Hannah P., Yu, Herbert, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, and Brinton, Louise A.

Subjects
Adult, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Article, United States, Endometrial Neoplasms, Cohort Studies, Contraception, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Intrauterine Devices
Abstract

Intrauterine devices (IUDs), long-acting and reversible contraceptives, induce a number of immunological and biochemical changes in the uterine environment that could affect endometrial cancer (EC) risk. We addressed this relationship through a pooled analysis of data collected in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. We combined individual-level data from 4 cohort and 14 case-control studies, in total 8,801 EC cases and 15,357 controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated pooled odds ratios (pooled-ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EC risk associated with ever use, type of device, ages at first and last use, duration of use and time since last use, stratified by study and adjusted for confounders. Ever use of IUDs was inversely related to EC risk (pooled-OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.90). Compared with never use, reduced risk of EC was observed for inert IUDs (pooled-OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.58-0.82), older age at first use (≥ 35 years pooled-OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.43-0.67), older age at last use (≥ 45 years pooled-OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.50-0.72), longer duration of use (≥ 10 years pooled-OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.52-0.71) and recent use (within 1 year of study entry pooled-OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.30-0.49). Future studies are needed to assess the respective roles of detection biases and biologic effects related to foreign body responses in the endometrium, heavier bleeding (and increased clearance of carcinogenic cells) and localized hormonal changes.

Published
2015

17. Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries

Author

Conway, David I., Brenner, Darren R., McMahon, Alex D., Macpherson, Lorna M.D., Agudo, Antonio, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Bosetti, Cristina, Brenner, Hermann, Castellsague, Xavier, Chen, Chu, Curado, Maria Paula, Curioni, Otávio A., Dal Maso, Luigino, Daudt, Alexander W., de Gois Filho, José F., D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Edefonti, Valeria, Fabianova, Eleonora, Fernandez, Leticia, Franceschi, Silvia, Gillison, Maura, Hayes, Richard B., Healy, Claire M., Herrero, Rolando, Holcatova, Ivana, Jayaprakash, Vijayvel, Kelsey, Karl, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Koifman, Sergio, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lagiou, Pagona, Lazarus, Philip, Levi, Fabio, Lissowska, Jolanta, Luce, Daniele, Macfarlane, Tatiana V., Mates, Dana, Matos, Elena, McClean, Michael, Menezes, Ana M., Menvielle, Gwenn, Merletti, Franco, Morgenstern, Hal, Moysich, Kirsten, Müller, Heiko, Muscat, Joshua, Olshan, Andrew F., Purdue, Mark P., Ramroth, Heribert, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Rudnai, Peter, Schantz, Stimson, Schwartz, Stephen M., Shangina, Oxana, Simonato, Lorenzo, Smith, Elaine, Stucker, Isabelle, Sturgis, Erich M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila, Talamini, Renato, Thomson, Peter, Vaughan, Thomas L., Wei, Qingyi, Winn, Deborah M., Wunsch-Filho, Victor, Yu, Guo-Pei, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Zheng, Tongzhang, Znaor, Ariana, Boffetta, Paolo, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Ghodrat, Marianoosh, Amy Lee, Yuan-Chin, Hashibe, Mia, Brennan, Paul, International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), Conway, D.I., Brenner, D.R., McMahon, A.D., Macpherson, L.M.D., Agudo, A., Ahrens, W., Bosetti, C., Brenner, H., Castellsague, X., Chen, C., Curado, M.P., Curioni, O.A., Maso, L.D., Daudt, A.W., De Gois Filho, J.F., D'Souza, G., Edefonti, V., Fabianova, E., Fernandez, L., Franceschi, S., Gillison, M., Hayes, R.B., Healy, C.M., Herrero, R., Holcatova, I., Jayaprakash, V., Kelsey, K., Kjaerheim, K., Koifman, S., La Vecchia, C., Lagiou, P., Lazarus, P., Levi, F., Lissowska, J., Luce, D., Macfarlane, T.V., Mates, D., Matos, E., McClean, M., Menezes, A.M., Menvielle, G., Merletti, F., Morgenstern, H., Moysich, K., Müller, H., Muscat, J., Olshan, A.F., Purdue, M.P., Ramroth, H., Richiardi, L., Rudnai, P., Schantz, S., Schwartz, S.M., Shangina, O., Simonato, L., Smith, E., Stucker, I., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Talamini, R., Thomson, P., Vaughan, T.L., Wei, Q., Winn, D.M., Wunsch-Filho, V., Yu, G.-P., Zhang, Z.-F., Zheng, T., Znaor, A., Boffetta, P., Chuang, S.-C., Ghodrat, M., Lee, Y.-C.A., Hashibe, M., and Brennan, P.

Subjects
Male, epidemiology, head and neck cancer, socioeconomic inequalities, Cancer Research, Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Case-Control Studies *Education Female Follow-Up Studies Global Health Head and Neck Neoplasms/*etiology Humans Income/*statistics & numerical data Male Meta-Analysis as Topic Middle Aged Prognosis Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects Socioeconomic Factors epidemiology head and neck cancer socioeconomic inequalities, Alcohol Drinking, Epidemiology, Head and neck cancer, Socioeconomic inequalities, Case-Control Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Global Health, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Income, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Education, Oncology, Medicine (all), Article, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Conway, David I Brenner, Darren R McMahon, Alex D Macpherson, Lorna M D Agudo, Antonio Ahrens, Wolfgang Bosetti, Cristina Brenner, Hermann Castellsague, Xavier Chen, Chu Curado, Maria Paula Curioni, Otavio A Dal Maso, Luigino Daudt, Alexander W de Gois Filho, Jose F D'Souza, Gypsyamber Edefonti, Valeria Fabianova, Eleonora Fernandez, Leticia Franceschi, Silvia Gillison, Maura Hayes, Richard B Healy, Claire M Herrero, Rolando Holcatova, Ivana Jayaprakash, Vijayvel Kelsey, Karl Kjaerheim, Kristina Koifman, Sergio La Vecchia, Carlo Lagiou, Pagona Lazarus, Philip Levi, Fabio Lissowska, Jolanta Luce, Daniele Macfarlane, Tatiana V Mates, Dana Matos, Elena McClean, Michael Menezes, Ana M Menvielle, Gwenn Merletti, Franco Morgenstern, Hal Moysich, Kirsten Muller, Heiko Muscat, Joshua Olshan, Andrew F Purdue, Mark P Ramroth, Heribert Richiardi, Lorenzo Rudnai, Peter Schantz, Stimson Schwartz, Stephen M Shangina, Oxana Simonato, Lorenzo Smith, Elaine Stucker, Isabelle Sturgis, Erich M Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila Talamini, Renato Thomson, Peter Vaughan, Thomas L Wei, Qingyi Winn, Deborah M Wunsch-Filho, Victor Yu, Guo-Pei Zhang, Zuo-Feng Zheng, Tongzhang Znaor, Ariana Boffetta, Paolo Chuang, Shu-Chun Ghodrat, Marianoosh Amy Lee, Yuan-Chin Hashibe, Mia Brennan, Paul eng DE016631/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ K07CA104231/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ NIDCR R01DE11979/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ NIDCRR01DE13110/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ NIH FIRCA TW01500/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ P01CA068384/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P30ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P50CA090388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01 CA078609/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01 CA100679/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA030022/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA048996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA051845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA061188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA078609/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA100264/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA100679/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA90731/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01DA011386/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R01DA026815/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R01DE012609/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE013158/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01ES011740/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R03CA077954/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03CA113157/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03DE016611/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R21ES011667/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ T32CA009142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ U01CA096134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ Intramural NIH HHS/ Comparative Study Multicenter Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2014/07/06 06:00 Int J Cancer. 2015 Mar 1;136(5):1125-39. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29063. Epub 2014 Aug 23.; International audience; Low socioeconomic status has been reported to be associated with head and neck cancer risk. However, previous studies have been too small to examine the associations by cancer subsite, age, sex, global region and calendar time and to explain the association in terms of behavioral risk factors. Individual participant data of 23,964 cases with head and neck cancer and 31,954 controls from 31 studies in 27 countries pooled with random effects models. Overall, low education was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 2.02 - 3.09). Overall one-third of the increased risk was not explained by differences in the distribution of cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors; and it remained elevated among never users of tobacco and nondrinkers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.13 - 2.31). More of the estimated education effect was not explained by cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors: in women than in men, in older than younger groups, in the oropharynx than in other sites, in South/Central America than in Europe/North America and was strongest in countries with greater income inequality. Similar findings were observed for the estimated effect of low versus high household income. The lowest levels of income and educational attainment were associated with more than 2-fold increased risk of head and neck cancer, which is not entirely explained by differences in the distributions of behavioral risk factors for these cancers and which varies across cancer sites, sexes, countries and country income inequality levels.

Published
2015
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18. Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium

Author

Hashibe, Mia, Brennan, Paul, Chuang, Shu-chun, Boccia, Stefania, Castellsague, Xavier, Chen, Chu, Curado, Maria Paula, Maso, Luigino Dal, Daudt, Alexander W., Fabianova, Eleonora, Fernandez, Leticia, Wünsch-Filho, Victor, Franceschi, Silvia, Hayes, Richard B., Herrero, Rolando, Kelsey, Karl, Koifman, Sergio, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lazarus, Philip, Levi, Fabio, Lence, Juan J., Mates, Dana, Matos, Elena, Menezes, Ana, McClean, Michael D., Muscat, Joshua, Eluf-Neto, Jose, Olshan, Andrew F., Purdue, Mark, Rudnai, Peter, Schwartz, Stephen M., Smith, Elaine, Sturgis, Erich M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilia, Talamini, Renato, Wei, Qingyi, Winn, Deborah M., Shangina, Oxana, Pilarska, Agnieszka, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Ferro, Gilles, Berthiller, Julien, and Boffetta, Paolo

Subjects
Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, Tobacco Use Disorder, Middle Aged, Article, Europe, Logistic Models, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, North America, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

The magnitude of risk conferred by the interaction between tobacco and alcohol use on the risk of head and neck cancers is not clear because studies have used various methods to quantify the excess head and neck cancer burden.We analyzed individual-level pooled data from 17 European and American case-control studies (11,221 cases and 16,168 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. We estimated the multiplicative interaction parameter (psi) and population attributable risks (PAR).A greater than multiplicative joint effect between ever tobacco and alcohol use was observed for head and neck cancer risk (psi = 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-3.04). The PAR for tobacco or alcohol was 72% (95% confidence interval, 61-79%) for head and neck cancer, of which 4% was due to alcohol alone, 33% was due to tobacco alone, and 35% was due to tobacco and alcohol combined. The total PAR differed by subsite (64% for oral cavity cancer, 72% for pharyngeal cancer, 89% for laryngeal cancer), by sex (74% for men, 57% for women), by age (33% for cases45 years, 73% for cases60 years), and by region (84% in Europe, 51% in North America, 83% in Latin America).Our results confirm that the joint effect between tobacco and alcohol use is greater than multiplicative on head and neck cancer risk. However, a substantial proportion of head and neck cancers cannot be attributed to tobacco or alcohol use, particularly for oral cavity cancer and for head and neck cancer among women and among young-onset cases.

Published
2009

19. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author

Polesel, Jerry, Clifford, Gary M., Rickenbach, Martin, Dal Maso, Luigino, Battegay, Manuel, Bouchardy Magnin, Christine, Furrer, Hansjakob, Hasse, Barbara, Levi, Fabio, Probst-Hensch, Nicole M., Schmid, Patrick, Franceschi, Silvia, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, University of Zurich, and Franceschi, S

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, immune system diseases, Risk Factors, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Epidemiology, Immunology and Allergy, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology/etiology, Sida, biology, Brain Neoplasms, Incidence (epidemiology), Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Incidence, Hazard ratio, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology, Infectious Diseases, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Female, HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy, Switzerland, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, 610 Medicine & health, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/drug therapy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, 10049 Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, medicine, Humans, ddc:613, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 2403 Immunology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, 2725 Infectious Diseases, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term effect of HAART on non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence in people with HIV (PHIV). DESIGN: Follow-up of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). METHODS: Between 1984 and 2006, 12 959 PHIV contributed a total of 75 222 person-years (py), of which 36 787 were spent under HAART. Among these PHIV, 429 NHL cases were identified from the SHCS dataset and/or by record linkage with Swiss Cantonal Cancer Registries. Age- and gender-standardized incidence was calculated and Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). RESULTS: NHL incidence reached 13.6 per 1000 py in 1993-1995 and declined to 1.8 in 2002-2006. HAART use was associated with a decline in NHL incidence [HR = 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20-0.33], and this decline was greater for primary brain lymphomas than other NHL. Among non-HAART users, being a man having sex with men, being 35 years of age or older, or, most notably, having low CD4 cell counts at study enrollment (HR = 12.26 for < 50 versus >or= 350 cells/microl; 95% CI, 8.31-18.07) were significant predictors of NHL onset. Among HAART users, only age was significantly associated with NHL risk. The HR for NHL declined steeply in the first months after HAART initiation (HR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27-0.77) and was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.05-0.25) 7 to10 years afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: HAART greatly reduced the incidence of NHL in PHIV, and the influence of CD4 cell count on NHL risk. The beneficial effect remained strong up to 10 years after HAART initiation.

Published
2008
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20. Onion and garlic use and human cancer.

Author

Galeone, Carlotta, Pelucchi, Claudio, Levi, Fabio, Negri, Eva, Franceschi, Silvia, Talamini, Renato, Giacosa, Attilio, and La Vecchia, Carlo

Abstract

Background: Interest in the potential benefits of allium vegetables, in particular, onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum), has its origin in antiquity, but the details of these benefits are still open to discussion. Objective: We investigated the role of allium vegetables in the etiology of various neoplasms. Previous data are scanty and are based mainly on Chinese studies. Design: Using data from an integrated network of Italian and Swiss case-control studies, we analyzed the relation between frequency of onion and garlic use and cancer at several sites. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) by using multivariate logistic regression models that were adjusted for energy intake and other major covariates. Results: Consumption of onions varied between 0-14 and 0-22 portions/wk among cases and controls, respectively. The multivariate ORs for the highest category of onion and garlic intake were, respectively, 0.16 and 0.61 for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, 0.12 and 0.43 for esophageal cancer, 0.44 and 0.74 for colorectal cancer, 0.17 and 0.56 for laryngeal cancer, 0.75 and 0.90 for breast cancer, 0.27 and 0.78 for ovarian cancer, 0.29 and 0.81 for prostate cancer, and 0.62 and 0.69 for renal cell cancer. Conclusions: This uniquely large data set from southern European populations shows an inverse association between the frequency of use of allium vegetables and the risk of several common cancers. Allium vegetables are a favorable correlate of cancer risk in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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21. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations and the Risk of Breast Cancer

Author

Carlo La Vecchia, Federica Turati, Eva Negri, Livia S. A. Augustin, Francesca Bravi, Fabio Levi, Attilio Giacosa, Diego Serraino, Michela Dalmartello, Turati, Federica, Dalmartello, Michela, Bravi, Francesca, Serraino, Diego, Augustin, Livia, Giacosa, Attilio, Negri, Eva, Levi, Fabio, and La Vecchia, Carlo

Subjects
Adult, lifestyle, Biomedical Research, Breastfeeding, lcsh:TX341-641, Breast Neoplasms, Logistic regression, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, breast cancer, Meta-Analysis as Topic, prevention, Risk Factors, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Nutrition and Dietetics, Cancer prevention, business.industry, Case-control study, Academies and Institutes, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, United States, nutrition, Italy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Relative risk, Case-Control Studies, Cancer research, Female, Guideline Adherence, business, diet, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Switzerland, Food Science
Abstract

The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) introduced in 2007, and updated in 2018, nutrition-related recommendations for cancer prevention. Previous studies generally reported inverse associations of breast cancer with the 2007 recommendations, while no study has yet evaluated the association with the 2018 guidelines. We investigated the association between adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations and breast cancer risk in a case&ndash, control study from Italy and Switzerland (1991&ndash, 2008) including 3034 incident histologically-confirmed breast cancer cases and 3392 hospital controls. Adherence to the 2018 guidelines was summarized through a score incorporating eight recommendations (body fatness, physical activity, consumption of wholegrains/vegetables/fruit/beans, &ldquo, fast foods&rdquo, and other processed foods high in fat, starches, or sugars, red/processed meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, alcohol, breastfeeding), with higher scores indicating higher adherence. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. We also conducted a meta-analysis including 15 additional studies using random-effects models. In our case&ndash, control study, adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR guidelines was inversely associated with breast cancer, with ORs of 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51&ndash, 0.70) for a score &ge, 5.5 vs. &le, 4.25, and of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79&ndash, 0.88) for a 1-point increment. In our study, 25% of breast cancers were attributable to low-to-moderate guideline adherence. In the meta-analysis, the pooled relative risks (RRs) were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.65&ndash, 0.82, p heterogeneity among studies&lt, 0.001) for the highest vs. the lowest WCRF/AICR score category, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88&ndash, 0.94, p heterogeneity &lt, 0.001) for a 1-point increment. This work provides quantitative evidence that higher adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations reduces the risk of breast cancer, thus opening perspectives for prevention.

Published
2020

22. Metabolic syndrome is associated with colorectal cancer in men

Author

Pelucchi, Claudio, Negri, Eva, Talamini, Renato, Levi, Fabio, Giacosa, Attilio, Crispo, Anna, Bidoli, Ettore, Montella, Maurizio, Franceschi, Silvia, and La Vecchia, Carlo

Subjects
*METABOLIC syndrome, *COLON cancer, *CANCER in men, *DIABETES, *CANCER research
Abstract

Aim of the study: We assessed the relation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and colorectal cancer. Methods: We analysed data from a multicentre case–control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland, including 1378 cases of colon cancer, 878 cases of rectal cancer and 4661 controls. All cases were incident and histologically confirmed. Controls were subjects admitted to the same hospitals as cases with acute non-malignant conditions. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by multiple logistic regression models, including terms for major identified confounding factors for colorectal cancer. Results: With reference to each component of the MetS, the ORs of colorectal cancer in men were 1.27 (95% CI, 0.95–1.69) for diabetes, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.03–1.48) for hypertension, 1.14 (95% CI, 0.93–1.40) for hypercholesterolaemia and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.08–1.48) for overweight at age 30. The corresponding ORs in women were 1.20 (95% CI, 0.82–1.75), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.71–1.06), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.66–1.03) and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.86–1.30). Colorectal cancer risk was increased in men (OR=1.86; 95% CI, 1.21–2.86), but not in women (OR=1.13; 95% CI, 0.66–1.93), with MetS. The ORs were 2.09 (95% CI, 1.38–3.18) in men and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.68–1.94) in women with ⩾3 components of the MetS, as compared to no component. Results were similar for colon and rectal cancers. Conclusion: This study supports a direct association between MetS and both colon and rectal cancers in men, but not in women. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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23. Diet diversity and the risk of laryngeal cancer: A case–control study from Italy and Switzerland

Author

Garavello, Werner, Lucenteforte, Ersilia, Bosetti, Cristina, Talamini, Renato, Levi, Fabio, Tavani, Alessandra, Franceschi, Silvia, Negri, Eva, and Vecchia, Carlo La

Subjects
*LARYNGEAL cancer, *CASE studies, *NUTRITIONALLY induced diseases, *DIETARY supplements, *CANCER patients, *CANCER risk factors, ALIMENTARY canal cancer
Abstract

Summary: Diet diversity (defined as the number of different foods consumed) has been considered an indicator of a healthy diet, and favorably related to the risk of several digestive tract cancers. We analyzed the relation between diet diversity and the risk of laryngeal cancer using data from a case–control study carried out between 1992 and 2000 in Italy and Switzerland. The subjects of the study were 527 patients with histologically confirmed incident cancers of the larynx and 1297 patients admitted for acute, non-neoplastic diseases, unrelated to tobacco or alcohol consumption. Total diversity was computed as the number of different foods (overall and within four food groups, i.e., vegetables, fruit, meat, and cereals) consumed at least once per week. A significant inverse association was observed for vegetable diversity (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.28–0.59, for the highest versus the lowest quartile) and fruit diversity (OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.27–0.59). Conversely, a direct association was found for meat diversity (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.11–2.50), while no meaningful association was found for total diet and cereal diversity. The results were consistent across strata of age, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. This study suggests that a diet not only rich but also varied in fruit and vegetables is related to a decreased risk of laryngeal cancer risk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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24. Converging patterns of colorectal cancer mortality in Europe

Author

Fernández, Esteve, Vecchia, Carlo La, González, Juan Ramon, Lucchini, Franca, Negri, Eva, and Levi, Fabio

Subjects
*COLON cancer, *GASTROINTESTINAL system, *CANCER, *MORTALITY
Abstract

Abstract: Trends in mortality rates from colorectal cancer during the second half of the 20th century were analysed for 21 European countries and grouped in three broad European regions. For each gender, age-standardised (world standard population) mortality rates were computed by the direct method, and joinpoint analysis was used to identify significant changes in rates. A favourable pattern in colorectal cancer mortality for both genders was observed in most European countries from the 1990s onwards. Colorectal cancer mortality rates were still in the upward direction in some Eastern European countries, as well as in some Mediterranean countries. Mortality rates tended to converge at around 20/100000 in men and around 11/100000 in women. This converging pattern is even clearer when colorectal mortality rates are examined in three broad European regions. Similar mortality rates over recent calendar years have been reached by countries where mortality has been decreasing in recent decades and in those countries (mainly Eastern European and Mediterranean countries) which have experienced a recent levelling-off and decrease. If recent trends are maintained, colorectal cancer mortality is likely to decline further in Europe in the current decade. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2005
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25. Wine, beer and spirits and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer: a case–control study from Italy and Switzerland

Author

Altieri, Andrea, Bosetti, Cristina, Gallus, Silvano, Franceschi, Silvia, Dal Maso, Luigino, Talamini, Renato, Levi, Fabio, Negri, Eva, Rodriguez, Teresa, and La Vecchia, Carlo

Subjects
*BEER, *PHARYNGEAL diseases, *ALCOHOLIC beverages, *ALCOHOLISM, *SMOKING
Abstract

We examined the relation between consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, using data from a case–control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1992 and 1997. This included a total of 749 cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer and 1,772 hospital controls, admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to alcohol and smoking consumption. Significant trends in risk were found with increasing total alcohol intake, with multivariate odds ratios (OR) of 2.1 for drinkers of 3–4 drinks/day, as compared to abstainers or light drinkers (⩽2 drinks/day), 5.0 for 5–7, 12.2 for 8–11 and 21.1 for ⩾12 drinks/day. Similar increased risks for subsequent levels of consumption were found for wine drinkers. After allowance for wine intake, the ORs for beer drinkers were 1.2 for 1–2 drinks/day, and 2.3 for ⩾3 drinks/day. Corresponding values for spirit drinkers were 1.0 and 1.9. Patterns of risk for wine drinkers were similar for wine only drinkers and drinkers of wine, plus beer and spirits. Our study indicates that in populations with frequent wine consumption, wine per se can strongly increase the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, and confirms that the most prevalent alcoholic beverage in each population tends to be the one with the highest risk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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26. Risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer in young adults

Author

Rodriguez, Teresa, Altieri, Andrea, Chatenoud, Liliane, Gallus, Silvano, Bosetti, Cristina, Negri, Eva, Franceschi, Silvia, Levi, Fabio, Talamini, Renato, and La Vecchia, Carlo

Subjects
*PHARYNGEAL cancer, *ORAL cancer, *CANCER-related mortality
Abstract

Mortality from oral cancer has been rising in the young in several areas of the world until the early 1990s. We analysed data from two case-control studies from Italy and Switzerland including 137 cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer below age 46 and 298 hospital controls. The multivariate odds ratios (OR) were 20.7 for heavy smokers and 4.9 for heavy drinkers. The combination of high tobacco and alcohol consumption led to an OR of over 48. Body mass index (OR=0.28, for the highest tertile), high consumption of coffee (OR=0.25), fresh vegetables (OR=0.39), fruit (OR=0.73) and β-carotene (OR=0.48) were inversely related to risk. Tobacco accounted for 77% of all cancer cases in this population, alcohol for 52%, low vegetable consumption for 52%, and the combination of the three factors for 85%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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27. Coffee and tea intake and risk of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal cancer

Author

Tavani, Alessandra, Bertuzzi, Michaela, Talamini, Renato, Gallus, Silvano, Parpinel, Maria, Franceschi, Silvia, Levi, Fabio, and La Vecchia, Carlo

Subjects
*CANCER, *COFFEE, *TEA, *PHARYNX, *ESOPHAGEAL cancer
Abstract

The relation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea and oral/pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer risk is inadequately quantified. Data were derived from hospital-based case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland. The study on oral/pharyngeal cancer included 749 cases and 1772 controls, and that of esophageal cancer 395 cases and 1066 controls. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. The OR for >3 cups/day of coffee compared with &les;1 were 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for oral/pharyngeal, and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–0.9) for esophageal cancer, consistent across strata of age, sex, education and alcohol. The inverse trends in risk were significant. No association emerged with decaffeinated coffee (OR 1.1 for oral/pharyngeal and 0.6 for esophageal cancer) or tea (OR 0.9 for both cancers), consumed in low amounts by these populations. Coffee may decrease the risk of oral/pharyngeal and esophageal cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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28. Joint effects of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on the risk of head and neck cancer: A bivariate spline model approach

Author

Philip Lazarus, Claire M. Healy, Richard B. Hayes, Rolando Herrero, Elaine M. Smith, Stefania Boccia, Leonardo F. Boaventura Rios, Paolo Boffetta, Dana Mates, Jerry Polesel, Marta Vilensky, Jose P. Zevallos, Diego Serraino, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Joshua E. Muscat, Kirsten B. Moysich, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Mark P. Purdue, Carlo La Vecchia, Heribert Ramroth, Thomas L. Vaughan, Peter Thomson, Karl T. Kelsey, Nicola Torelli, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hermann Brenner, Lorenzo Richiardi, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Kristina Kjærheim, Beata Swiatkowska, Keitaro Matsuo, Fabio Levi, Erich M. Sturgis, Eva Negri, Lorenzo Simonato, Danièle Luce, Guo Pei Yu, Chu Chen, Pagona Lagiou, Silvia Franceschi, Andrew F. Olshan, Alexander W. Daudt, Antonio Agudo, Maria Paula Curado, Peter Rudnai, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Mia Hashibe, Paul Brennan, Tatiana Natasha Toporcov, Stimson P. Schantz, Maura L. Gillison, Isabelle Stücker, Tongzhang Zheng, Shu Chun Chuang, Oxana Shangina, Eleonora Fabianova, Hal Morgenstern, David I. Conway, Valeria Edefonti, Cristina Bosetti, Ariana Znaor, Leticia Fernandez, Michael D. McClean, Luigino Dal Maso, Neil D. Gross, Stephen M. Schwartz, Ivana Holcatova, Guojun Li, Ana M. B. Menezes, Francesco Pauli, Gioia Di Credico, Deborah M. Winn, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Gwenn Menvielle, Gabriella Cadoni, Werner Garavello, Jolanda Lissowska, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Glasgow, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), TW001500, National Institutes of Health, P30ES010126, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Italian Ministry of Education, Università degli Studi di Milano, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Union Against Cancer, Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica Argentina, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mediquès (IMIM), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo, Spanish Government, European Community, Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-Wurttemberg, German Ministry of Education and Research, Scientific Research grant from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan, Labor and Welfare of Japan, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research, Di Credico G., Edefonti V., Polesel J., Pauli F., Torelli N., Serraino D., Negri E., Luce D., Stucker I., Matsuo K., Brennan P., Vilensky M., Fernandez L., Curado M.P., Menezes A., Daudt A.W., Koifman R., Wunsch-Filho V., Holcatova I., Ahrens W., Lagiou P., Simonato L., Richiardi L., Healy C., Kjaerheim K., Conway D.I., Macfarlane T.V., Thomson P., Agudo A., Znaor A., Boaventura Rios L.F., Toporcov T.N., Franceschi S., Herrero R., Muscat J., Olshan A.F., Zevallos J.P., La Vecchia C., Winn D.M., Sturgis E.M., Li G., Fabianova E., Lissowska J., Mates D., Rudnai P., Shangina O., Swiatkowska B., Moysich K., Zhang Z.-F., Morgenstern H., Levi F., Smith E., Lazarus P., Bosetti C., Garavello W., Kelsey K., McClean M., Ramroth H., Chen C., Schwartz S.M., Vaughan T.L., Zheng T., Menvielle G., Boccia S., Cadoni G., Hayes R.B., Purdue M., Gillison M., Schantz S., Yu G.-P., Brenner H., D'Souza G., Gross N.D., Chuang S.-C., Boffetta P., Hashibe M., Lee Y.-C.A., Dal Maso L., Di Credico, G, Edefonti, V, Polesel, J, Pauli, F, Torelli, N, Serraino, D, Negri, E, Luce, D, Stucker, I, Matsuo, K, Brennan, P, Vilensky, M, Fernandez, L, Curado, M, Menezes, A, Daudt, A, Koifman, R, Wunsch-Filho, V, Holcatova, I, Ahrens, W, Lagiou, P, Simonato, L, Richiardi, L, Healy, C, Kjaerheim, K, Conway, D, Macfarlane, T, Thomson, P, Agudo, A, Znaor, A, Boaventura Rios, L, Toporcov, T, Franceschi, S, Herrero, R, Muscat, J, Olshan, A, Zevallos, J, La Vecchia, C, Winn, D, Sturgis, E, Li, G, Fabianova, E, Lissowska, J, Mates, D, Rudnai, P, Shangina, O, Swiatkowska, B, Moysich, K, Zhang, Z, Morgenstern, H, Levi, F, Smith, E, Lazarus, P, Bosetti, C, Garavello, W, Kelsey, K, Mcclean, M, Ramroth, H, Chen, C, Schwartz, S, Vaughan, T, Zheng, T, Menvielle, G, Boccia, S, Cadoni, G, Hayes, R, Purdue, M, Gillison, M, Schantz, S, Yu, G, Brenner, H, D'Souza, G, Gross, N, Chuang, S, Boffetta, P, Hashibe, M, Lee, Y, Dal Maso, L, Di Credico, Gioia, Edefonti, Valeria, Polesel, Jerry, Pauli, Francesco, Torelli, Nicola, Serraino, Diego, Negri, Eva, Luce, Daniele, Stucker, Isabelle, Matsuo, Keitaro, Brennan, Paul, Vilensky, Marta, Fernandez, Leticia, Curado, Maria Paula, Menezes, Ana, Daudt, Alexander W., Koifman, Rosalina, Wunsch-Filho, Victor, Holcatova, Ivana, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Lagiou, Pagona, Simonato, Lorenzo, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Healy, Claire, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Conway, David I., Macfarlane, Tatiana V., Thomson, Peter, Agudo, Antonio, Znaor, Ariana, Boaventura Rios, Leonardo F., Toporcov, Tatiana N., Franceschi, Silvia, Herrero, Rolando, Muscat, Joshua, Olshan, Andrew F., Zevallos, Jose P., La Vecchia, Carlo, Winn, Deborah M., Sturgis, Erich M., Li, Guojun, Fabianova, Eleonora, Lissowska, Jolanda, Mates, Dana, Rudnai, Peter, Shangina, Oxana, Swiatkowska, Beata, Moysich, Kirsten, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Morgenstern, Hal, Levi, Fabio, Smith, Elaine, Lazarus, Philip, Bosetti, Cristina, Garavello, Werner, Kelsey, Karl, Mcclean, Michael, Ramroth, Heribert, Chen, Chu, Schwartz, Stephen M., Vaughan, Thomas L., Zheng, Tongzhang, Menvielle, Gwenn, Boccia, Stefania, Cadoni, Gabriella, Hayes, Richard B., Purdue, Mark, Gillison, Maura, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo-Pei, Brenner, Hermann, D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Gross, Neil D., Chuang, Shu-Chun, Boffetta, Paolo, Hashibe, Mia, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, Dal Maso, Luigino, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Male, Oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers, Cancer Research, Bivariate spline model, medicine.medical_treatment, Logistic regression, Substance Misuse, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Laryngeal cancer, 80 and over, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Head and neck cancer, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Confounding, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Oncology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Bivariate spline models, Cigarette smoking duration, Cigarette smoking intensity, Public Health and Health Services, Female, Oral Surgery, Adult, INHANCE, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Bivariate analysis, Cigarette Smoking, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Tobacco, medicine, Humans, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Aged, Settore MED/06 - ONCOLOGIA MEDICA, Tobacco Smoke and Health, business.industry, Prevention, Case-control study, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Former Smoker, Good Health and Well Being, Case-Control Studies, Dentistry, Smoking cessation, business, Demography
Abstract

Objectives: \ud This study aimed at re-evaluating the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between the combined (or joint) effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We explored this issue considering bivariate spline models, where smoking intensity and duration were treated as interacting continuous exposures.\ud \ud Materials and Methods: \ud We pooled individual-level data from 33 case-control studies (18,260 HNC cases and 29,844 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. In bivariate regression spline models, exposures to cigarette smoking intensity and duration (compared with never smokers) were modeled as a linear piecewise function within a logistic regression also including potential confounders. We jointly estimated the optimal knot locations and regression parameters within the Bayesian framework.\ud \ud Results: \ud For oral-cavity/pharyngeal (OCP) cancers, an odds ratio (OR) >5 was reached after 30 years in current smokers of ∼20 or more cigarettes/day. Patterns of OCP cancer risk in current smokers differed across strata of alcohol intensity. For laryngeal cancer, ORs >20 were found for current smokers of ≥20 cigarettes/day for ≥30 years. In former smokers who quit ≥10 years ago, the ORs were approximately halved for OCP cancers, and ∼1/3 for laryngeal cancer, as compared to the same levels of intensity and duration in current smokers.\ud \ud Conclusion: \ud Referring to bivariate spline models, this study better quantified the joint effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on HNC risk, further stressing the need of smoking cessation policies.

Published
2019
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