4,880 results on '"Risk behavior"'
Search Results
2. The Impact of a Web-Based Naloxone Intervention Under Standing Orders to Patients Prescribed Chronic Opioid Therapy
- Author
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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Published
- 2024
3. Building Social and Structural Connections for the Prevention of Opioid Use Disorder Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness
- Published
- 2024
4. Evaluation of Values in Perspective (VIP) Program
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Marie Guerda Nicolas, Professor
- Published
- 2024
5. Efficacy of a Digital Health Preventive Intervention for Adolescents With HIV or Sexually Transmitted Infections and Substance Use Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Cordova, David, Bauermeister, José A, Warner, Sydni, Council, The Youth Leadership, Wells, Patricia, MacLeod, Jennifer, Neilands, Torsten B, Lua, Frania Mendoza, Delva, Jorge, Fessler, Kathryn Bondy, Smith, Versell, Khreizat, Sarah, and Boyer, Cherrie
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Adolescent Sexual Activity ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Brain Disorders ,Social Determinants of Health ,Health Services ,Telehealth ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Women's Health ,Prevention ,Health Disparities ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Minority Health ,Substance Misuse ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Pediatric ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,youth ,mHealth ,HIV ,STI ,illicit drugs ,primary care ,prevention ,public health ,USA ,teens ,drugs ,drug use ,sex ,racial minority ,risk behavior ,engagement ,tool ,substance use disorder ,Youth Leadership Council ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Health services and systems ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundHIV or sexually transmitted infections remain a significant public health concern in the United States, with adolescents affected disproportionately. Adolescents engage in HIV/STI risk behaviors, including drug use and condomless sex, which increase the risk for HIV/STIs. At-risk adolescents, many of whom are racial minorities, experience HIV/STI disparities. Although at-risk adolescents are disproportionately affected by HIV/STI risk behaviors and infections and although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine HIV/STI testing for adolescents, relatively few adolescents report having ever been tested for HIV/STI. With expected increases in health clinic visits as a result of the Affordable Care Act combined with technological advances, health clinics and mobile health (mHealth), including apps, provide innovative contexts and tools to engage at-risk adolescents in HIV/STI prevention programs. Yet, there is a dearth of efficacious mHealth interventions in health clinics to prevent and reduce both condomless sex and drug use and increase HIV/STI testing for at-risk adolescents.ObjectiveTo address this gap in knowledge, we developed a theory-driven, culturally congruent mHealth intervention (hereon referred to as S4E [Storytelling 4 Empowerment]) that has demonstrated feasibility and acceptability in a clinical setting. The next step is to examine the preliminary efficacy of S4E on adolescent HIV/STI testing and risk behaviors. This goal will be accomplished by 2 aims: the first aim is to develop a cross-platform and universal version of S4E. The cross-platform and universal version of S4E will be compatible with both iOS and Android operating systems and multiple mobile devices, aimed at providing adolescents with ongoing access to the intervention once they leave the clinic, and the second aim is to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of S4E, relative to usual care control condition, in preventing or reducing drug use and condomless sex and increasing HIV/STI testing in a clinical sample of at-risk adolescents aged 14-21 years living in Southeast Michigan.MethodsIn this study, 100 adolescents recruited from a youth-centered community health clinic will be randomized via blocked randomization with random sequences of block sizes to one of the 2 conditions: S4E mHealth intervention or usual care. Theory-driven and culturally congruent, S4E is an mHealth adaptation of face-to-face storytelling for empowerment, which is registered with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices.ResultsThis paper describes the protocol of our study. The recruitment began on May 1, 2018. This study was registered on December 11, 2017, in ClinicalTrials.gov. All participants have been recruited. Data analysis will be complete by the end of March 2024, with study findings available by December 2024.ConclusionsThis study has the potential to improve public health by preventing HIV/STI and substance use disorders.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03368456; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03368456.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/47216.
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- 2024
6. Effectiveness of Counseling Interventions to Modify Risk Behaviors in Patients at the Hospital San Ignacio. (EFICO)
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Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
- Published
- 2024
7. Neurobehavioral Profiles of Adaptive Stress Responses in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder (A03)
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- 2024
8. Multiple risk-taking behaviors in Korean adolescents and associated factors: 2020 and 2021 Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey.
- Author
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Cho, In Hee, Oh, Jae Won, Lee, San, and Lee, Junghan
- Subjects
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HEALTH behavior , *AT-risk behavior , *SEDENTARY behavior , *TEENAGE girls , *KOREANS - Abstract
Despite the negative health impact of multiple risk-taking behaviors (RTBs), there is a lack of understanding of adolescents who are more prone to multiple RTBs. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, mental, and physical health variables associated with increased susceptibility to multiple RTBs in each sex. Cross-sectional data from the 2020 and 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used. A total of 106,979 Korean adolescents (55,460 men and 51,519 women) were assessed on five RTBs (alcohol use, smoking, sexual intercourse, illicit substance use, no seat belt wearing). In comparison to no RTB group, odds ratios of the relevant covariate factors were calculated in one RTB or multiple RTBs groups. Male and female adolescents engaging in multiple RTBs were 6.4% and 3.8%, respectively. Increasing age, low subjective socioeconomic status, and living in rural areas were associated with multiple RTBs regardless of sex. All mental health variables except anxiety were associated with multiple RTBs in both sexes. Physical inactivity and obesity were associated with decreased odds of multiple RTBs in both sexes. This study identifies diverse factors associated with multiple RTBs of Korean adolescents and demonstrates existing sex differences. Age and mental health status are the most critical factors that distinguish multiple risk-taking groups from those involved in one or no RTB. • Adolescents' risk-taking behaviors include alcohol use, smoking, sexual intercourse, drug use, and not wearing seatbelts. • Identifying teens vulnerable to multiple risk-taking behaviors is important for promoting overall health of adolescents. • Poor mental health status and late teens are significant risk factors for multiple risk-taking behaviors. • Subtle sex differences in anxiety and living arrangements are significant only for female adolescents' risk-taking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. A Cross-Sectional Study of Spanish Grindr Users: Sociodemographic Characteristics, Sexual Health Trends, and Attitudes toward HIV Testing.
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Ibáñez-Tomás, Eduardo and Gasch-Gallén, Ángel
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HIV infection risk factors ,EPIDEMIOLOGY of sexually transmitted diseases ,MOBILE apps ,RISK assessment ,CROSS-sectional method ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,SEXUAL partners ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,HEALTH attitudes ,RISK-taking behavior ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FISHER exact test ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,QUANTITATIVE research ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,AGE distribution ,MEN who have sex with men ,ODDS ratio ,PRE-exposure prophylaxis ,RESEARCH methodology ,STATISTICS ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,HEALTH behavior ,MEDICAL screening ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DATA analysis software ,SEXUAL health - Abstract
Men who have sex with men are at an increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, and although behavioral and contextual interventions have improved, infections continue to spread. Therefore, a new focus on recent trends in sexual health in this population is needed. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics according to Grindr usage patterns, the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and attitudes toward HIV testing. In January 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 881 men who have sex with men (MSM) who completed an online questionnaire. We evaluated their Grindr use patterns (moderate or intensive) and explored the associations of these with sociodemographic behavioral characteristics, STIs, and attitudes toward HIV testing. Of 881 participants in total, 587 (66.6%) were intensive Grindr users. Compared to moderate users, these participants reported significantly higher numbers of casual sexual partners (76.2% vs. 23.8%; p < 0.001), were more likely to participate in Chemsex (77.3% vs. 22.7%: p = 0.031), and had a higher self-reported number of STIs (69.9% vs. 30.1; p = 0.046). They also demonstrated better attitudes toward HIV testing (69.7% vs. 30.3%; p = 0.045) and perceived themselves to be at moderate risk of HIV (71.2% vs. 28.8%: p = 0.048). Moreover, intensive Grindr users were 1.36 times more likely than moderate users to test positive for STIs (95%CI = 1.15–1.91; p = 0.048). With some limitations, age, sexual partners, intensive Grindr users, and PrEP uses were associated with the risk of STIs in the sample of Spanish Grindr users studied. As Grindr users are vulnerable to sociodemographic and behavioral factors that determine STIs and HIV infection, mainly among intensive users, it is necessary to highlight the importance of new trends such as online dating apps, PrEP use, substance use in sex, and Chemsex, and these need to be incorporated into online public health strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. The 8 billion milestone: Risk perceptions of global population growth among UK and US residents.
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Dawson, Ian G. J. and Zhang, Danni
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RISK perception ,AT-risk behavior ,EVIDENCE gaps ,MEDIA exposure ,PERCEIVED benefit - Abstract
In November 2022, the global human population reached 8 billion and is projected to reach 10 billion by 2060. Theories, models, and evidence indicate that global population growth (GPG) increases the likelihood of many adverse outcomes, such as biodiversity loss, climate change, mass migrations, wars, and resource shortages. A small body of research indicates that many individuals are concerned about the effects of GPG, and these concerns are strongly related to the willingness to engage in mitigative and preventative actions. However, scientific understanding of the factors that influence GPG risk perceptions remains limited. To help address this research gap, we conducted a study of the perceived risk of GPG among UK and US residents (N = 1029) shortly after the "8 billion milestone." Our results confirmed that GPG is perceived as a moderate‐to‐high risk and these perceptions have a strong positive relationship with the willingness to engage in and support risk management actions. Our participants believed that the worst effects of GPG were yet to come but would largely be geographically and socially remote. Despite their willingness to engage in risk management actions, our participants reported low self‐efficacy and that governments (cf. individuals and communities) have the greatest capacity to influence GPG. Risk perceptions were strongly predicted by worldviews and were higher among our UK (cf. US) participants. We also found that the perceived benefits of GPG were low and found no evidence to suggest that risk perceptions were affected by exposure to media coverage of the 8 billion milestone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Effectiveness of Harm Reduction Interventions in Chemsex: A Systematic Review.
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Pozo-Herce, Pablo Del, Martínez-Sabater, Antonio, Sanchez-Palomares, Paula, Garcia-Boaventura, Paula Cristina, Chover-Sierra, Elena, Martínez-Pascual, Raquel, Gea-Caballero, Vicente, Saus-Ortega, Carles, Ballestar-Tarín, María Luisa, Karniej, Piotr, Baca-García, Enrique, and Juárez-Vela, Raúl
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,RISK-taking behavior ,SELF-efficacy ,HUMAN sexuality ,MEDICAL care ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INTERNET ,HARM reduction ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,MEDICAL databases ,ONLINE information services ,HEALTH promotion ,PUBLIC health ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems - Abstract
The phenomenon of chemsex has emerged as an essential public health issue in recent years. This systematic review aimed to investigate currently available harm reduction strategies and to evaluate the efficacy of the corresponding interventions. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature related to harm and risk reduction strategies and the effectiveness of chemsex interventions. Between January 2024 and May 2024, the articles were retrieved from the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, Cochrane, Dialnet, CUIDEN, and SciELO. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42024508953). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (I) original studies published in peer-reviewed journals, (II) studies exploring harm reduction interventions for chemsex, and (III) studies reflecting the efficacy of harm reduction interventions for chemsex. Two reviewers independently selected articles by title, abstract, and full paper review and extracted data. Two authors described the selected studies and assessed their methodological quality. Results: The systematic review comprised six scientific papers that met the selection criteria and were obtained from five countries. Although a limited number of studies were included, it was observed that they presented a medium–high methodological quality. Programs evaluated interventions to reduce harm from chemsex, such as a web-based intervention that improved self-efficacy to refuse risky behaviors and accept HIV testing. The studies suggested that peer-led programs can be effective, especially with facilitators who have experienced chemsex dependence. Conclusion: Harm reduction strategies in chemsex are effective and should be promoted by health professionals. Interventions should be accessible, personalized, and non-judgmental to provide appropriate care and support, ensuring a comprehensive and effective public health response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Exploring the Loss Aversion Scale’s psychometric properties in Spain.
- Author
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Cabedo-Peris, Javier, Merino-Soto, César, Chans, Guillermo M., and Martí-Vilar, Manuel
- Abstract
Loss aversion is a psychological construct defined as a tendency to value potential losses more than gains in a situation that requires decision-making. The Loss Aversion Scale (LAS, eight items) measures an individual’s loss aversion to various situations. However, the generalization of its psychometric properties to different population groups is unknown. This study aimed to validate the LAS instrument for use among Spanish university adults. To this end, two studies were conducted: a content validity study calculating the substantive validity (N = 24) of the instrument’s translation from original English to Spanish and a study of internal structure and association (N = 766) among Spanish university men and women aged 18–35. The analyses performed for each sample indicated that the instrument had adequate validity and reliability values as a one-dimensional measure; however, items 5 and 8 had to be removed. Their scores indicated moderate-magnitude correlations with social desirability. This article debates the study’s limitations, practical implications, and future lines of research based on the results. The conclusion is that the Loss Aversion Scale instrument suits general Spanish population samples and requires probable methodological control concerning social desirability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Application-based Reproductive Health Education on Reproductive Health Risk Behavior among Adolescents in Ternate City.
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Muhlisa, Amiruddin, Ridwan, Moedjiono, Apik Indarty, Suriah, Damanik, Rizal, Salmah, Ummu, Nasir, Sudirman, Areni, Intan Sari, and Mallongi, Anwar
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CONTROL (Psychology) , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH literacy , *DIGITAL literacy , *ADOLESCENT psychology , *HEALTH education - Abstract
Background: The current era of digitalization is encouraging public health literacy to increase, especially among teenagers who are close to gadgets, so that the term e-health literacy is known, namely digital health literacy is defined as the ability to search, find and understand health information available in resources. electronically and use information obtained from these resources to overcome health problems. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of application-based reproductive health education to increase positive behavior of adolescents in Ternate City. Method: This research uses a Quasi-experimental method (Pre-post Control Design). The number of samples in this study was 300 teenagers aged 12-15 years, in Ternate City. The measurement uses a questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitudes, actions, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and health literacy. The analysis used is the mean difference test, namely the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. Research Results: The distribution of respondents based on age groups in the control group and in the intervention group was mostly in the 13 year age group, namely 119 people (79.3%) and 111 people (74.0%), the most common gender was female. The results of the analysis showed that there were no differences between the control and intervention groups before treatment, there were differences between the control and intervention groups after treatment, there were differences before and after treatment in the variables knowledge (p value = 0.000), action (p value = 0.000), and health literacy (0.007) (p value < 0.05). However, there is no difference for the variables Attitude, Subjective Norms, Behavioral Control. There are differences before and after treatment in the variables knowledge (p value = 0.000), attitude (p value = 0.000), action (p value = 0.000), subjective norms (p value = 0.000), behavioral control (p value = 0.000) and health literacy (p value = 0.000) (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Application-based reproductive health education has a good impact in increasing positive behavior among teenagers in Ternate City, this is based on changes in knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control and health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Towards Diagnosing and Mitigating Behavioral Cyber Risks.
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Pugnetti, Carlo, Björck, Albena, Schönauer, Reto, and Casián, Carlos
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AT-risk behavior ,RISK perception ,CYBERTERRORISM ,RISK communication ,COMMUNICATION models - Abstract
A company's cyber defenses are based on a secure infrastructure and risk-aware behavior by employees. With rising cyber threats and normative training efforts showing limited impact, raising cyber risk awareness is emerging as a challenging effort. The review of the extant literature on awareness diagnosis shows interdisciplinary but mainly theoretical approaches to understanding attitudes and influencing risk behavior. We propose and test a novel methodology to combine and operationalize two tools, deep metaphor interviews and the IDEA risk communication model, to apply them for the first time in the context of behavioral cyber vulnerabilities. The results show a link between diagnosed attitudes and effective risk behavior in a real-life organizational setting, indicating the potential for an expanded diagnostic effort. We propose to develop a broader diagnostic and intervention set to improve cyber awareness and a toolkit to support the business practice of cyber risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Exploring the Loss Aversion Scale’s psychometric properties in Spain
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Javier Cabedo-Peris, César Merino-Soto, Guillermo M. Chans, and Manuel Martí-Vilar
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Loss aversion ,Higher education ,Risk behavior ,Validity ,Social desirability ,Educational innovation ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Loss aversion is a psychological construct defined as a tendency to value potential losses more than gains in a situation that requires decision-making. The Loss Aversion Scale (LAS, eight items) measures an individual’s loss aversion to various situations. However, the generalization of its psychometric properties to different population groups is unknown. This study aimed to validate the LAS instrument for use among Spanish university adults. To this end, two studies were conducted: a content validity study calculating the substantive validity (N = 24) of the instrument’s translation from original English to Spanish and a study of internal structure and association (N = 766) among Spanish university men and women aged 18–35. The analyses performed for each sample indicated that the instrument had adequate validity and reliability values as a one-dimensional measure; however, items 5 and 8 had to be removed. Their scores indicated moderate-magnitude correlations with social desirability. This article debates the study’s limitations, practical implications, and future lines of research based on the results. The conclusion is that the Loss Aversion Scale instrument suits general Spanish population samples and requires probable methodological control concerning social desirability.
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- 2024
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16. Fostering Healthy Futures for Teens: An RCT (FHF-T)
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Heather Taussig, Professor and Associate Dean for Research
- Published
- 2023
17. Adolescents Spending Time with Their Parents: Does It Matter?
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Ina Koning and Carmen Voogt
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adolescence ,time spent ,risk behavior ,peers ,parents ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 - Abstract
The current study aims to explore the relevance of ‘time spent with parents’ for different risk behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, smoking, gambling and problematic social media use), peer factors (i.e., time spent with peers, peer pressure and peer support) and parenting behaviors (i.e., control, relatedness and family support). A cross-sectional design was employed, including 2165 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years (Mage = 14.7, SD = 1.33; 52% girls; 30% in pre-vocational education). Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare different contrasting groups (≤1 h vs. >1 h; ≤2 h vs. >2 h; ≤3 h and >3 h) for relevant outcomes. Results. Adolescents spending on average >1 h per day with their parents in joint activities reported lower levels of risk behavior, less peer pressure, more peer support and more parental control, relatedness and family support. At the same time, this does not seem to come at the expense of spending time with peers, as adolescents spending 1 h or more with their parents did not spend less time with their peers. All the findings point at the relevance of parents spending time and undertaking joint activities with their adolescent children.
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- 2024
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18. Let's talk about risks. Parental and peer mediation and their relation to adolescents' perceptions of on- and off-screen risk behavior.
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Sadza MA., MSc., Anne, Rozendaal, Esther, Daalmans, Serena, and Buijzen, Moniek
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MEDIATION ,TEENAGE parents ,PEER mediation ,TEENAGERS ,SOCIAL norms - Abstract
Studies of mediation practices typically focus on parental mediation, but during adolescence parents' impact decreases relative to that of peers. This study compares perceived parental and peer mediation in the context of media portrayals of risk behavior and adolescents' perceptions thereof. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 278 adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 14.18, SD = 1.62, 51.4 % girls) using Hayes's process macro (model 4) to investigate direct and indirect associations between mediation, media-related cognitions, and social norms. Findings indicate that perceived parental and peer mediation are related to adolescents' media-related cognitions and perceived social norms in equally important but different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Teilnahme am gesetzlichen Hautkrebsscreenings in Deutschland?
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Andrees, Valerie, Wolf, Sandra, Liebers, Jan, Augustin, Matthias, and Girbig, Gefion
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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20. Which factors influence the participation in statutory skin cancer screenings in Germany?
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Andrees, Valerie, Wolf, Sandra, Liebers, Jan, Augustin, Matthias, and Girbig, Gefion
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Summary: Background and objectives: Due to increasing skin cancer incidence, Germany implemented a statutory nationwide routine skin cancer screening (rSCS) in 2008. The present study aims (1) to analyze which patient factors are associated with the participation in rSCS in Germany and (2) to investigate reasons for nonparticipation. Patients and methods: Participants and nonparticipants of rSCS (≥ 35 years) were recruited in routine care in nine dermatological outpatient clinics. Reasons for (non‐)participation, knowledge about skin cancer as well as clinical and socioeconomic data were obtained. Stratified by groups, descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression analyses for associations with participation were performed. Results: Of the 294 rSCS participants and 162 non‐participants, 46.5% were male with a mean age of 54.5 ± 12.7 years. In total, 87.1% had sunburns in childhood and 47.1% used sunbeds before. Higher age, female gender, previous sunbed use, and concern for and knowledge of skin cancer were significantly associated with previous rSCS participation. Of the non‐participants, 46% were unaware of the option for free rSCS and 40% justified their nonparticipation on the basis of feeling healthy. Conclusions: The reasons for nonparticipation in rSCS, such as sociodemographic characteristics and risk behavior, should be known in order to optimize rSCS programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Adolescents Spending Time with Their Parents: Does It Matter?
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Koning, Ina and Voogt, Carmen
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PARENT attitudes ,ADOLESCENT psychology ,VOCATIONAL education ,SOCIAL media ,T-test (Statistics) - Abstract
The current study aims to explore the relevance of 'time spent with parents' for different risk behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, smoking, gambling and problematic social media use), peer factors (i.e., time spent with peers, peer pressure and peer support) and parenting behaviors (i.e., control, relatedness and family support). A cross-sectional design was employed, including 2165 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years (Mage = 14.7, SD = 1.33; 52% girls; 30% in pre-vocational education). Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare different contrasting groups (≤1 h vs. >1 h; ≤2 h vs. >2 h; ≤3 h and >3 h) for relevant outcomes. Results. Adolescents spending on average >1 h per day with their parents in joint activities reported lower levels of risk behavior, less peer pressure, more peer support and more parental control, relatedness and family support. At the same time, this does not seem to come at the expense of spending time with peers, as adolescents spending 1 h or more with their parents did not spend less time with their peers. All the findings point at the relevance of parents spending time and undertaking joint activities with their adolescent children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Impact of Poverty on Children's Well-Being and Health Behavior Based on the Results of Research Conducted in One of Hungary's Most Disadvantaged Micro-Regions.
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Fábián, Gergely, Szoboszlai, Katalin, Tóth, Anikó Panna, and Fedor, Anita R.
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SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,DRUG addiction risk factors ,RISK-taking behavior in children ,RISK assessment ,FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH funding ,EMPIRICAL research ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,INTERVIEWING ,SMOKING ,CONTENT analysis ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,TEENAGE pregnancy ,CHILD abuse ,HEALTH behavior in children ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ECONOMIC status ,FAMILIES ,UNWANTED pregnancy ,RURAL conditions ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DATA analysis software ,HOUSING ,POVERTY ,WELL-being ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs ,EMPLOYMENT ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN ,ADULTS - Abstract
This empirical research on children's poverty and the accompanying risk behavior was conducted in the Baktalórántháza micro-region, in one of the most disadvantaged micro-regions of Hungary. The study, completed in 2023, was conducted utilizing three methods, a questionnaire for families, interviews, and focus group interviews with social professionals working in the settlements. The region is one of the ten micro-regions with the highest poverty rate in the country. The majority of the population only has an elementary education, and the proportion of graduates is much lower than the national average. The proportion of households with three or more children is higher than the national average and the proportion of unemployed people in households with children is twice as high as the national average. Based on the experience of social workers working in the area, in addition to smoking and drinking alcohol, the consumption of psychoactive and psychotropic substances has increased among adolescents and young adults. Based on various indicators, children regularly consume illegal drugs. The origin and composition of these drugs are typically unknown. According to the reports by drug users, everyday life is easier, and they can escape from problems when under the influence of drugs. Based on the observations of experts, the consumption of various psychoactive substances has harmful effects on behavior, health, learning, and family life. School performance and the ability to think and learn decrease. Drug users are dissatisfied with their lives, have problems with social relationships, engage in partner violence, and may develop antisocial behavior in their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Confirmation of a Reconceptualized Definition and Measure of Adolescent Risk Behavior: Adolescent Viewpoints.
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Skaar, Nicole R.
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AT-risk behavior , *HEALTH behavior , *RISK-taking behavior , *BEHAVIORAL assessment , *HIGH school students , *TEENAGERS , *BEHAVIORAL research - Abstract
The goal of this project was to substantiate a more positive conceptualization of adolescent risk behavior and to compare adolescent viewpoints of risk behavior to the items on the Prosocial and Health Adolescent Risk Behavior Scale (PHARBS). A total of 57 high school students participated in the research. Researchers recruited students from an Advanced Placement (AP) Psychology course at a large Midwestern high school. The high school serves approximately 1,750 students in grades 9 through 12. The university Institutional Review Board approved the study procedures. Families provided informed consent, and students assented to participating in one of eight focus group discussions. The focus groups were audio taped, transcribed, and coded. Researchers analyzed the coded data using word count analysis. Students discussed prosocial risk behaviors in addition to health risk behaviors, providing support for the PHARBS and suggesting that adolescents view taking some risks as positive. A more positive conceptualization of risk behavior may better align with how adolescents view risk behavior. Researchers and clinicians might approach adolescent risk behavior measurement and research on the importance of understanding risk behaviors as a normal and potentially positive aspect of adolescent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Experiences and Perceived Benefits of a Youth Skateboarding Program in South Africa: From the Physical to Emotional and Beyond.
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Sorsdahl, Katherine, Davies, Thandi, Jensel, Charl, Oberholzer, Dallas, Gelberg, Lillian, and van der Westhuizen, Claire
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LIFE skills , *PERCEIVED benefit , *SKATEBOARDING , *AT-risk behavior , *VIOLENCE in the community , *SUICIDAL ideation - Abstract
This study aimed to assess the mental health needs and risk behaviors of adolescents attending an afterschool life-skills skateboarding program, to evaluate the perceived benefits of the program, and to identify potential modifications required to meet the identified needs. Program participants were from three gang- and poverty-affected urban communities in Cape Town, South Africa. Seventy-six adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years old (83% male) completed a self-report survey, and 24 adolescents and 19 key influencers participated in in-depth interviews and focus groups. Descriptive analyses were conducted on survey data and a framework approach was used to analyze qualitative data. 72% of the adolescents reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, 66% had experienced food insecurity, 45% had been physically abused at home, 47% had been bullied, and 59% had used alcohol. Benefits of the program included experiencing a sense of belonging to a skateboarding subculture, protection from gang recruitment and community violence, physical and emotional benefits of exercise, mentors as positive role models, and learning life skills. Recommendations to improve the program were to include information on depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and grief, and to include stress management and emotion regulation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. FATORES DE RISCO PARA DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES EM USUÁRIOS DE UM CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL.
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Moreira Inda, Andressa, Fioravanti Roland, Luana, de Freitas Couto, Shanda, and de Castro Giacomelli, Simone
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- *
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *DISEASE risk factors , *WAIST circumference , *SEDENTARY behavior , *FOOD consumption , *BEVERAGES - Abstract
Introduction: Evidence points to the vulnerability of individuals with mental disorders to risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Objective: To assess risk factors for cardiovascular disease in users assisted at a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) in Itaqui. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with users of both sexes and aged ≥ 20 years. Sociodemographic, clinical, food consumption and lifestyle data were obtained by applying a questionnaire and medical records; and anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height and waist circumference). For the assessment of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the following factors were considered: anthropometric (excess weight and increased waist circumference); clinical (diseases and use of medication); dietary (daily consumption: lower for fruits and vegetables; and high for foods high in sugar and fat) and lifestyle (physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco consumption). Data analysis was performed through descriptive analysis. Results: There was a predominance of female users, older, with lower income and education. A large number of participants with pre-existing illnesses and medication use were identified. The most prevalent risk factors were: overweight, increased waist circumference; presence of at least one pathology; medication use; low daily consumption of beans, fruits, vegetables and legumes; daily consumption of foods high in sugar, fat and sodium; and physical inactivity. Conclusion: The evidenced presence of cardiovascular risk factors points to the need for regular actions to promote health and a healthy lifestyle in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
26. Parenting Behavior and Attitudes of a Group of South African Foster Parents Caring for Adolescents Presenting with Risk Behavior.
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Mmusi, Fatima I., Malan, Hanelie, and Herbst, Alida
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- *
SOUTH Africans , *RISK-taking behavior , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *HUMAN beings , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *FOSTER parents , *PARENT attitudes , *QUANTITATIVE research , *JUDGMENT sampling , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SURVEYS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *STATISTICS , *PSYCHOLOGY of mothers , *DATA analysis software , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
This article reports on one of the objectives of a larger study aiming at the development of an adolescent risk-behavior management program for foster parents. The objective relevant to this article entailed the exploration of parenting behaviors and attitudes of parents fostering adolescents presenting with risk behavior. The respondents were recruited from the clientele of designated welfare organizations in the North West Province of South Africa. A quantitative survey using the multi-dimensional Parental Style Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) was administered to a purposive sample of 150 respondents. A response rate of 64.5% was achieved, with only foster mothers participating in the study. Data analysis was done by the Statistical Consultation Services of the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25, Release 25.0 SPSS. In addition, T-Tests and ANOVAs were used to test the hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance and Spearman's correlations examine correlations between sub-scale scores and biographical data. Sub-scales of the PSDQ were tested for internal consistency reliability and reasonable coefficients were rendered, except for the permissive parenting style scale that was excluded from analysis. The results showed a significant, positive correlation between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles amongst the respondents. Parental attitudes and responses to risk behavior significantly affected their actual behavior towards fostered adolescents presenting with risk behavior. The researchers concluded that consideration of parenting styles in the foster care relationship context will greatly determine the nature of further interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Idiosyncratic media exposures during a pandemic and their link to well-being, cognition, and behavior over time.
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Jones, Nickolas M, Thompson, Rebecca R, Holman, E Alison, and Silver, Roxane Cohen
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Humans ,Health Behavior ,Cognition ,United States ,Pandemics ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,distress ,information channels ,news media ,risk behavior ,Mental Health ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mind and Body ,Clinical Research ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,2.3 Psychological ,social and economic factors ,Aetiology ,Good Health and Well Being - Abstract
Over the past two decades of research, increased media consumption in the context of collective traumas has been cross-sectionally and longitudinally linked to negative psychological outcomes. However, little is known about the specific information channels that may drive these patterns of response. The current longitudinal investigation uses a probability-based sample of 5,661 Americans measured at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to identify a) distinct patterns of information-channel use (i.e., dimensions) for COVID-related information, b) demographic correlates of these patterns, and c) prospective associations of these information channel dimensions with distress (i.e., worry, global distress, and emotional exhaustion), cognition (e.g., beliefs about the seriousness of COVID-19, response efficacy, and dismissive attitudes), and behavior (e.g., engaging in health-protective behaviors and risk-taking behaviors) 6 mo later. Four distinct information-channel dimensions emerged: journalistic complexity; ideologically focused news; domestically focused news; and nonnews. Results indicate that journalistic complexity was prospectively associated with more emotional exhaustion, belief in the seriousness of the coronavirus, response efficacy, engaging in health-protective behaviors, and less dismissiveness of the pandemic. A reliance on conservative-leaning media was prospectively associated with less psychological distress, taking the pandemic less seriously, and engaging in more risk-taking behaviors. We discuss the implications of this work for the public, policy makers, and future research.
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- 2023
28. Testing an Integrated Bio-Behavioral Primary HIV Prevention Intervention Among High-Risk People Who Use Drugs (CHRP-BB)
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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), APT Foundation, Inc., and Michael Copenhaver, Professor
- Published
- 2023
29. Stress-related Predictor Profiles in Human Addiction
- Author
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Project Group for Automation in Medicine and Biotechnology PAMB, Mannheim
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- 2023
30. Impact of Direct Outreach to Expand Access to Naloxone in the Context of Standing Orders
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Denver Health and Hospital Authority and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Published
- 2023
31. Political views, health literacy, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors: A moderated mediation model.
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Cameron, Linda D, Lawler, Sheleigh, Robbins-Hill, Alexandra, Toor, Imrinder, and Brown, Paul M
- Subjects
Humans ,Health Knowledge ,Attitudes ,Practice ,Health Behavior ,Intention ,United States ,Health Literacy ,COVID-19 ,Health literacy ,Illness representations ,Political polarization ,Political views ,Protective behavior ,Risk behavior ,Vaccine intentions ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Good Health and Well Being ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Economics ,Studies in Human Society ,Public Health - Abstract
RationaleMitigating the spread of COVID-19 requires that people understand the need for and engage in protective behaviors. Given the complexity and rapid progression of media information about the pandemic, health literacy could be essential to acquiring the accurate beliefs, concern for societal risks, and appreciation of restrictive policies needed to motivate these behaviors. Yet with the increasingly politicized nature of COVID-related issues in the United States, health literacy could be an asset for those with more liberal views but less so for those with more conservative views.ObjectiveThis study tested a hypothesized model proposing that political views moderate the associations of health literacy with COVID-19 protective behaviors as well as the mediational roles of accurate and inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes.MethodsWe surveyed residents in three diverse regions of California in June 2020 (N = 669) and February 2021 (N = 611). Participants completed measures of health literacy, political views, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors.ResultsModerated mediational analyses largely supported the proposed model with both samples. Health literacy was associated with more accurate COVID-19 beliefs, less inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, greater concern for societal risks, more positive attitudes regarding restrictive government control, more protective behavior, less risky behavior, and stronger vaccine intentions; beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes mediated the health literacy-behavior relationships. As predicted, however, these associations of health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors varied according to political views. The direct and mediated relationships were held for participants with more liberal views and, to a lesser extent, for those with moderate views, but they were weaker or absent for participants with more conservative views.ConclusionsThese findings contribute new evidence of processes linking health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors and how social and political contexts can shape those processes.
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- 2023
32. Fasting-mimicking Diet and Longevity Diet, Body Composition and Aging
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University of Calabria, University of Palermo, Regione Calabria / Comune Varapodio, IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, and European Longevity Institute
- Published
- 2023
33. Secondary HIV Prevention and Adherence Among HIV-infected Drug Users
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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Yale University, APT Foundation, Inc., and Michael Copenhaver, Professor
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- 2023
34. Translation Study of a Safe Teen Driving Intervention
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University of Iowa and Ginger Yang, Principal Investigator
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- 2023
35. Safe, Healthy, Adolescent Relationships and Peers (SHARP-Teen)
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Oregon Social Learning Center and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
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- 2023
36. Wise Interventions in the Digital Society
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Fundación BBVA and Esther Calvete, Principal Investigator, Deusto Stress Research Team, University of Deusto
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- 2023
37. Ethnic Background, Parental Education, and Tobacco Curiosity among US Adolescents.
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Assari, Shervin, Darvishi, Mona, and Najand, Babak
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PARENTS ,AFRICAN Americans ,RISK-taking behavior ,RESEARCH funding ,SMOKING ,SEX distribution ,AGE distribution ,WHITE people ,TEENAGERS' conduct of life ,MARITAL status ,RESEARCH methodology ,TOBACCO products ,MINORITIES ,DATA analysis software ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,REGRESSION analysis ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Although high parental education reduces adolescents' tobacco use, this effect may be weaker for ethnic minorities than non-Latino White adolescents. Aim: To study the association between parental education at baseline and adolescents' subsequent tobacco curiosity overall and by ethnicity. Methods: The current study used four years of follow-up data from the PATH-Adolescents) study. All participants were 12 to 17-year-old non-smokers at baseline and were successfully followed for four years (n = 3109). The outcome of interest was curiosity about (traditional and electronic) cigarettes in year four. The predictor of interest was baseline parental education, the covariates were age, sex, and parental marital status at baseline, and the moderator was ethnicity. Results: According to our linear regressions, higher parental education at baseline was predictive of adolescents' subsequent tobacco curiosity at year four; however, this association was weaker for Latino than non-Latino adolescents. We did not find a significant difference in the effect of baseline parental education on subsequent tobacco curiosity of White and African American adolescents. Conclusion: The effect of high parental education on tobacco curiosity differs between Latino and non-Latino adolescents. Future research should test the role of advertisement exposure, the prevalence of smokers, as well as other contextual factors at school and neighborhood conditions that may increase curiosity toward cigarettes in Latino adolescents regardless of parental education. The role of high-risk peers, family, friends, proximity to tobacco outlets, and other contextual conditions should be tested in future multi-level research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Test-Retest Reliability of Self-Reported Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behavior Among at-Risk Adolescents.
- Author
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Charles, Nora E., Strong, Stephanie J., Floyd, Paula N., Burns, Lauren C., Sigurdson, Lydia, and Barry, Christopher T.
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- *
AT-risk youth , *AT-risk behavior , *HUMAN sexuality , *STATISTICAL reliability , *RISK-taking behavior , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *HEALTH behavior , *PSYCHOMETRICS - Abstract
Adolescents often engage in behaviors such as substance use and risky sexual activity that can lead to negative health and psychological consequences for themselves and others. Accurate measurement of these behaviors in surveys is challenging given that the behaviors are often viewed as undesirable and/or are illegal, so it is important to test the psychometric properties of instruments used to assess adolescent risk behaviors. The current study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of a widely used measure of youth risk-taking behavior, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). A sample of 156 at-risk adolescents aged 16–18 years (81% male; 61% White) completed the YRBS retrospectively across intervals ranging from 3 to 12 days during their stay in a residential program at which they were under close supervision and had limited ability to engage in new risk behaviors. Participants were asked to complete the YRBS based on their "typical" (pre-program) behavior at both administrations, which were 10–14 weeks into their stay. The reliability of responses was assessed using kappa and weighted kappa analyses. Findings indicate moderate to substantial reliability for nearly all items, suggesting that at-risk youth reliably reported their engagement in health risk behaviors across multiple administrations and supporting the psychometric strength of the YRBS measure for use with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk behavior in bipolar disorder and major depression from bipolar multiplex families.
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Ramírez‐Martín, Almudena, Sirignano, Lea, Streit, Fabian, Foo, Jerome C., Forstner, Andreas J., Frank, Josef, Nöthen, Markus M., Strohmaier, Jana, Witt, Stephanie H., Mayoral‐Cleries, Fermin, Moreno‐Küstner, Berta, Rietschel, Marcella, and Guzmán‐Parra, Jose
- Subjects
- *
BEHAVIOR disorders , *BIPOLAR disorder , *MENTAL depression , *AT-risk behavior , *RESPONSE inhibition - Abstract
Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by specific alterations of mood. In both disorders, alterations in cognitive domains such as impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk‐taking have been reported. Identification of similarities and differences of these domains in BD and MDD could give further insight into their etiology. The present study assessed impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk‐taking behavior in BD and MDD patients from bipolar multiplex families. Methods: Eighty‐two participants (BD type I, n = 25; MDD, n = 26; healthy relatives (HR), n = 17; and healthy controls (HC), n = 14) underwent diagnostic interviews and selected tests of a cognitive battery assessing neurocognitive performance across multiple subdomains including impulsivity (response inhibition and delay aversion), decision‐making, and risk behavior. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to analyze whether the groups differed in the respective cognitive domains. Results: Participants with BD and MDD showed higher impulsivity levels compared to HC; this difference was more pronounced in BD participants. BD participants also showed lower inhibitory control than MDD participants. Overall, suboptimal decision‐making was associated with both mood disorders (BD and MDD). In risk‐taking behavior, no significant impairment was found in any group. Limitations: As sample size was limited, it is possible that differences between BD and MDD may have escaped detection due to lack of statistical power. Conclusions: Our findings show that alterations of cognitive domains—while present in both disorders—are differently associated with BD and MDD. This underscores the importance of assessing such domains in addition to mere diagnosis of mood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
40. Uso inadecuado de tecnología por alumnado de Enseñanza Obligatoria: entre la creencia y la realidad.
- Author
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Fraga-Varela, Fernando, Vila-Couñago, Esther, and Rodríguez-Groba, Ana
- Subjects
CORE competencies ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,SIXTH grade (Education) ,TEACHERS ,AT-risk behavior ,RISK perception - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Complutense de Educación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
41. Risk-Taking Propensity and Reward-Processing: Decision-Making Differences Between Binge Drinkers and Non-drinkers.
- Author
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Leyva Vizcarra, José Oswaldo, Mejía Cruz, Diana, and Ávila-Chauvet, Laurent
- Subjects
BINGE drinking ,DECISION making ,DRUNK driving ,RISK-taking behavior ,CONTROL groups - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones is the property of Centros de Integracion Juvenil A.C. (CIJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Contribution of Teacher – Student Relationship and Self Regulation as a Mediator to Student's Risk Behavior
- Author
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Qurroti A'yun, Fattah Hanurawan, Hetti Rahmawati, and Imanuel Hitipiew
- Subjects
Adolescence ,Risk Behavior ,Self-Regulation ,Teacher - Student Relationship ,Therapeutics. Psychotherapy ,RC475-489 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The research background highlights the increasing number of adolescents exposed to risk behaviors both in school environments and in society at large. This phenomenon is worsening. Thus, this study aims to examine whether the theoretical model of adolescent risk behavior aligns with empirical conditions in society. Additionally, the study examines the influence of variables within the model. The model is derived from Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory (1994). This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a correlational study design involving 628 adolescents aged 15-17 years from various demographic backgrounds, utilizing cluster sampling. Data collection was carried out using Google Forms. The study employs the adapted Teacher-Student Relationship Scale, Self-Regulation Scale, and Risk Behavior Scale, all validated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, with analysis conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings of this study conclude that environmental factors, specifically teacher-student relationships, have a significant influence on adolescent risk behavior and self-regulation. However, self-regulation does not have a significant influence on adolescent risk behavior. Furthermore, the teacher-student relationship does not have a meaningful influence on adolescent risk behavior through self-regulation as a mediator.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Messages About Reduced Nicotine in Combusted Tobacco Products
- Author
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Lyudmila Popova, Associate Professor
- Published
- 2023
44. The Impact of Co-Dispensing Naloxone to Patients Prescribed Chronic Opioid Therapy
- Author
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Denver Health and Hospital Authority and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Published
- 2023
45. Seroincidence Study Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women - The ImPrEP Seroincidence Study (Seroincidence)
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Valdiléa Veloso dos Santos, Ph.D., Beatriz Grinzstejn, MD, PhD, Brenda Hoagland, MD, PhD, Celia Landmann Szwarcwald, PhD, Thiago Torres, PhD, Maria Cristina Pimenta, MD, PhD, Marcos Benedetti, MA, Marília Santini Oliveira, Ronaldo Ismério Moreira, PhD, Sandro Nazer Coutinho, Sylvia Lopes Maia Teixeira, PhD, Nilo Martínez Fernandes, PhD, Hamid Vega-Ramírez, MD, MSc, Sérgio Bautista-Arredondo, MD, PhD, René Leyva-Flores, PhD, Helleen Vermandere, Santiago Ávila-Ríos, PhD, Claudia García-Morales, PhD, Carlos Cáceres, MD, MPH, PhD, Kelika A. Konda, PhD, Juan Vicente Guanira, MD, PhD, Giovanni Ravasi, MD, MScPH, and Raquel Malaguthi de Souza, Regulatory Affairs Associate
- Published
- 2023
46. Commercial Sexual Exploitation During Adolescence: A US-Based National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.
- Author
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Barnert, Elizabeth S, Bath, Eraka, Heard-Garris, Nia, Lee, Joyce, Guerrero, Alma, Biely, Christopher, Jackson, Nicholas, Chung, Paul J, and Dudovitz, Rebecca
- Subjects
Humans ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Retrospective Studies ,Longitudinal Studies ,Sexual Behavior ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Child ,Female ,Male ,Suicidal Ideation ,adolescent health ,commercial sexual exploitation ,risk/risk behavior ,substance abuse ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Depression ,Prevention ,Pediatric ,Mental Health ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,2.3 Psychological ,social and economic factors ,Aetiology ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,risk ,risk behavior ,Nursing ,Public Health and Health Services ,Policy and Administration ,Public Health - Abstract
ObjectivesNational data on the health of children and adolescents exposed to commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) are lacking, during both adolescence and adulthood. Using nationally representative data, we examined the health of male and female adolescents in grades 7-12 who experienced CSE exposure and subsequent adult health outcomes and access to health care.MethodsOur retrospective cohort study used data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2008) to characterize relationships between CSE exposure before or during adolescence and health during adolescence and adulthood. The analytic sample included 10 918 adult participants aged 24-34 in Wave IV. We performed bivariate analyses, stratified by sex, to quantify the relationship between CSE exposure before or during adolescence and adolescent and adult health outcomes.ResultsFour percent of participants reported having a CSE exposure before or during adolescence (5% of males, 3% of females). Factors associated with CSE exposure among adolescents included race/ethnicity, parental education level, previous abuse, same-sex romantic attractions, history of ever having run away from home, and substance use. During adolescence, exposure to CSE was associated with worse overall health, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts for both males and females. In adulthood, adolescent CSE exposure was associated with depression among males and functional limitations among females. A higher percentage of males with CSE exposure before or during adolescence, compared with their non-CSE-exposed peers, used the emergency department as their usual source of care during adulthood.ConclusionsCSE exposure before or during adolescence was associated with poor adolescent and adult health outcomes and health care access. Observed differences between males and females warrant further exploration.
- Published
- 2022
47. Risky health-related behavior of Russians: dynamics and impact factors
- Author
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S.Yu. Sharypova and S.S. Gordeeva
- Subjects
risk behavior ,health ,health risk factors ,covid-19 pandemic ,addictive practices ,health protection ,‘pre-pandemic’ period ,‘post-pandemic’ period ,Medicine - Abstract
The review analyzes health risk behaviors of Russians in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (2018–2019), ‘pandemic’ (2020–2021) and ‘post-pandemic’ (2022) periods. Risk behaviors of Russians have been studied in dynamics relying on the secondary analysis of the longitudinal database of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the National Research University Higher School of Economics; also, factors able to induce changes in them have been established. Evidence is provided to prove a multidirectional dynamics in risk behaviors among Russians during the COVID-19 pandemic: there was a decrease in medical and physical activities along with conditionally stable alcohol and tobacco consumption Men, people younger than 35, and those who did not have children were established to be less active in their interactions with official healthcare organizations and less concerned about their health. A size of a settlement where respondents resided had certain influence on their physical activity (more than 80 % of rural residents pointed out they did not do sports regularly). Addictive behaviors depended on sex, age, and having a partner: men and those respondents who were either married or cohabitated with a partner smoked and drank alcohol much more often. Certain socio-demographic groups tended to replace health protection practices with risky behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women, elderly people and single people tended to become less active as regards healthcare (and many of them remained non-active in the post-pandemic period). In addition to that, single respondents tended to become less physically active during eh pandemic. Addictive behaviors were more typical for men and employed people. Based on the obtained empirical data, the ‘pandemic’ period is described as a stage that does not facilitate occurrence and maintenance of greater adherence to health protection behavior among Russian citizens. Given low levels of trust in the public healthcare and high anxiety, lower medical activity of population has become an entrenched risk behavior pattern as regards health during the ‘post-pandemic’ period as well. It seems highly advisable to develop effective complex programs on health protection for different population groups including those aimed at making healthcare more available, conducting relevant preventing activities, and raising people’s awareness about value of health and ways to protect it.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Depressive symptoms and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents
- Author
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Juliana Maltoni, Rafael Corrêa, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, and Carmem Beatriz Neufeld
- Subjects
risk behavior ,adolescence ,depression ,suicidal ideation ,nonsuicidal self injury ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Abstract Risk behaviors are common in adolescence and demonstrates an association with depressive symptoms. Considering the psychological health implications of this phase in adult life, the aim of this study was to verify associations between depressive symptoms and consumption of alcohol and marijuana, self-injurious behavior, health self-perception, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 298 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years (61.1% girls), participated in the study. The measures were the translated Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (HBSC - BR) and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). The chi-square test, student’s t test and binomial logistic regression (p
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Cross-Sectional Study of Spanish Grindr Users: Sociodemographic Characteristics, Sexual Health Trends, and Attitudes toward HIV Testing
- Author
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Eduardo Ibáñez-Tomás and Ángel Gasch-Gallén
- Subjects
men who have sex with men ,sexually transmitted infections ,dating app ,risk behavior ,Medicine - Abstract
Men who have sex with men are at an increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, and although behavioral and contextual interventions have improved, infections continue to spread. Therefore, a new focus on recent trends in sexual health in this population is needed. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics according to Grindr usage patterns, the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and attitudes toward HIV testing. In January 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 881 men who have sex with men (MSM) who completed an online questionnaire. We evaluated their Grindr use patterns (moderate or intensive) and explored the associations of these with sociodemographic behavioral characteristics, STIs, and attitudes toward HIV testing. Of 881 participants in total, 587 (66.6%) were intensive Grindr users. Compared to moderate users, these participants reported significantly higher numbers of casual sexual partners (76.2% vs. 23.8%; p < 0.001), were more likely to participate in Chemsex (77.3% vs. 22.7%: p = 0.031), and had a higher self-reported number of STIs (69.9% vs. 30.1; p = 0.046). They also demonstrated better attitudes toward HIV testing (69.7% vs. 30.3%; p = 0.045) and perceived themselves to be at moderate risk of HIV (71.2% vs. 28.8%: p = 0.048). Moreover, intensive Grindr users were 1.36 times more likely than moderate users to test positive for STIs (95%CI = 1.15–1.91; p = 0.048). With some limitations, age, sexual partners, intensive Grindr users, and PrEP uses were associated with the risk of STIs in the sample of Spanish Grindr users studied. As Grindr users are vulnerable to sociodemographic and behavioral factors that determine STIs and HIV infection, mainly among intensive users, it is necessary to highlight the importance of new trends such as online dating apps, PrEP use, substance use in sex, and Chemsex, and these need to be incorporated into online public health strategies.
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- 2024
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50. Towards Diagnosing and Mitigating Behavioral Cyber Risks
- Author
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Carlo Pugnetti, Albena Björck, Reto Schönauer, and Carlos Casián
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risk ,cybersecurity ,cyber risk ,risk behavior ,risk communication ,risk mitigation ,Insurance ,HG8011-9999 - Abstract
A company’s cyber defenses are based on a secure infrastructure and risk-aware behavior by employees. With rising cyber threats and normative training efforts showing limited impact, raising cyber risk awareness is emerging as a challenging effort. The review of the extant literature on awareness diagnosis shows interdisciplinary but mainly theoretical approaches to understanding attitudes and influencing risk behavior. We propose and test a novel methodology to combine and operationalize two tools, deep metaphor interviews and the IDEA risk communication model, to apply them for the first time in the context of behavioral cyber vulnerabilities. The results show a link between diagnosed attitudes and effective risk behavior in a real-life organizational setting, indicating the potential for an expanded diagnostic effort. We propose to develop a broader diagnostic and intervention set to improve cyber awareness and a toolkit to support the business practice of cyber risk management.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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