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Simple Summary: Blastocystis sp. is one of the most frequently reported parasites and an intestinal anaerobic organism with high genetic diversity, which seriously threatens the health of non-human primates (NHPs). We conducted a comparative study based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) to assess the Blastocystis infection, its gene subtypes, and its zoonotic potential in confined macaques, gibbons, and slow lorises. The results indicated that the Blastocystis infections significantly differed between seasons and species. This is the first report on the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. among captive slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.). The findings may contribute to formulating a feasible strategy for the improved confined management of NHPs and subsequent conservation practices, such as soft release. Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal anaerobic parasite infecting non-human primates and many other animals. This taxon threatens the health of NHPs due to its high genetic diversity, impeding efforts to improve confined management and subsequent conservation practices. This study collected 100 and 154 fecal samples from captive macaques, gibbons, and slow lorises in the summer and winter, respectively. The Blastocystis infection, its gene subtypes, and its zoonotic potential based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) were analyzed. The prevalence of Blastocystis in the three primate genera was 57.79% (89/154) in the summer (2021) and 29.00% (29/100) in the winter (2020). Four zoonotic subtypes—ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4—were identified. ST2 was the most prevalent subtype, suggesting that these animals may serve as reservoirs for pathogens of human Blastocystis infections. The macaques showed a more significant variation in Blastocystis infection between seasons than gibbons and slow lorises. The slow lorises in small cages and enclosure areas were potentially more infected by Blastocystis in the summer, indicating that inappropriate captive management may have detrimental effects on their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Paroplapoderus tentator Faust, which is 163,47 bp in length. The total number of genes in the genome was 41, including 13 PCGs; 2 rRNA genes; 19 tRNA genes; and 7 replication initiation region OHs. The genome consisted of 39.32% A, 34.17% T, 9.75% C, and 16.76% G. Phylogenetic trees indicate that Paroplapoderus is closely related to Apoderus. This study provided additional information on molecular biology for the research of Attelabidae, laying the foundation for further research on their phylogenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Oreolalax major (17,786 bp long) was obtained in this study. It includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 23 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (GenBank accession number MN803320). The phylogenetic tree indicates that the O. major is closely related to the O. xiangchengensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we reported a complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese Serow from Guiyang. It has a circular genome of 16,442 bp including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. In the phylogenetic tree, we found it clustered tightly with a sequence with a distinct white forehead and white face outlook in the genus Capricornis, which indicated there are a certain number of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferret-badger (Melogale moschata) is a widely distributed and rarely studied species. Therefore, we sequenced its complete mitochondrial genome, which is circular in shape with 16,511 bp length and have a structure typical to mammals. There is 98.67% similarity when compared with the reported sequence (HM106328). It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control regions (D-loop). This study can provide novel molecular information and genetic diversity of ferret-badger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the multiple causes, the population of roe deer has declined significantly. In this study, we analyzed the complete mitogenome of Capreolus pygargus bedfordi, whose genome was 16,357 bp long. There were 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes, and one control region. Nine PCGs started with ATG, while NAD2, NAD3, and NAD5 genes commenced with ATA, and ND4L began with GTG. ND6 and eight tRNA genes were encoded on the L-strand. These results provide newer molecular information, which contribute to its molecular and phylogenetic studies, and genetic diversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cynops cyanurus chuxiongensis is distributed in Yunnan plateau. In this paper, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome of C. c. chuxiongensis. The assembled mitogenome is 16,465 bp in length and encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and one control region (D-loop). The phylogenetic trees indicated C. c. chuxiongensis (KY418068) has the closest relationship with C. orientalis + C. orphicus, and clustered within the clade of genus Cynops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grey-headed Parrotbill, Paradoxornis gularis, has significant economic and scientific value in China. Length of the complete mitochondrial genome of grey-headed parrotbill is 17,743 bp, and it contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), and a D-loop sequence. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial sequence was 29.47% A, 14.68% G, 24.33% T, 31.52% C. All tRNAs have the typical cloverleaf structure, except for tRNASer. All PCGs start with ATG codons, except for COXI and NADH6, which are initiated by GTG and CTA, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) has been described in our research. The sequence of this genome is 16356 bp with a circular structure, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. When compare with the reference sequence (DQ873526), it shows that there are 262 variations, 4 base deletions and 13 base insertions. In this study we obtain a new complete mitochondrial genome sequence of tufted deer that provide effective molecular information for the diversity research and phylogenetic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of Amolops granulosus, which was 17,785 bp in length and it contained the 37 typical mitochondrial genes: 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 1 control region (CR). The hotspot of gene arrangement was ranged as 'W-gap-OL-gap-A-N-gap-C-Y' which consisted with most published Amolops mitogenomes. Our phylogenetic results suggested the gene arrangement of 'WANCY' region can facilitate to distinguish the Amolops species as an efficient genetic marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitogenome of Japalura splendida (16,673 bp in length) is determined and analyzed in this study. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one non-coding regions. All the genes in J. splendida are distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 gene and seven tRNA genes which are encoded on the L-strand. The phylogenetic tree suggests that J. splendida and Japalura flaviceps formed a sister group and reveals the order ((((Acanthosaura lepidogaster, Acanthosaura armata), ((J. splendida, J. flaviceps), Pseudocalotes microlepis))), Calotes versicolor) with substantial support for the monophyly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a red panda (Ailurus fulgens). The mitogenome (GenBank accession number MK886830) length is 16,517 bp and exhibits the typical structure of mammalian mitochondrial genomes contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and one control region. The tRNASer (AGY) gene failed to form the typical clover-leaf secondary structure as it lacked the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. phylogenetically, our sequence cluster together with genus Ailurus, which showed a closer genetic relationship. The mitogenome provides new data to further elucidation and understand the phylogeny of red pandas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome of Gekko subpalmatus. The genome of Gekko subpalmatus is 17,105 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control region. The phylogenetic tree reveals that G. subpalmatus is a sister group to G. hokouensis and shows (((((G. subpalmatus, G. hokouensis), G. swinhonis), G. japonicus), G. chinensis), G. gecko) with strong support. This study provides more molecular data for G. subpalmatus and lays the foundation for future protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Black-headed Sibia. The total length was 17864 bp, which contained 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 control regions (D-loop). Eight tRNA genes with one PCG(ND6) encoded on the L-strand, others were encoded on the H-strand. The neighbor-joining analysis shows that Black-headed Sibia has a close relationship with the genus of Leiothrix and Minla. This study had further provided a proof for the genetics and evolution of Black-headed Sibia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of Petaurista alborufus is 16,057 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. In the control region, it is speculated that the CSB2 have been lost in the evolution. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of 32 Rodentia species is performed using sequences from 12 concatenated heavy-strand encoded protein coding genes. The results have provided more evidence to support previous morphological and chromosomal studies on Rodentia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial of Black-chinned Yuhina is 17,817 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 control regions. The overall base composition of the mitogenome was 30.11% A, 24.12% T, 14.37% G, 31.41% C. All the genes in the Black-chinned Yuhina mitogenome were encoded on the H-strand, except for the ND6 and eight tRNA genes that were transcribed from the L-strand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we first characterized the complete mitogenome of Pygathrix nigripes, and analysed its phylogenetic status. The circular mitogenome was 16,534 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and one non-coding control region (D-loop). These genes except ND6 and 8 tRNA genes were encoded on the H-strand. The phylogenetic analysis exhibited that our sequence formed a sister branch with P. cinereal and P. nemaeus of genus Pygathrix, which showed a closer genetic relationship of the three species. These information contribute to molecular, phylogenetic studies and genetic diversity conservation for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We newly sequenced the near complete mitochondrial genome ofPolypedates braueri. The total length of theP. braueripartial mitogenome is 13 144 bp, with GenBank accession no. KT921226. It consists of 11 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and 18 transfer RNA genes (tRNA). Most of the genes are encoded on the H-strand, except for seven tRNA and ND6, which are encoded on the L-strand. Our mitogenomic phylogenetic tree shows that the relationships between the generaRhacophorusandPolypedateswere well supported. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA genome ofYuhina diademataby means of polymerase chain reaction. The circle genome (17 834 bp in length) contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 control regions (Dloop1andDloop2), which was similar to the other published mitogenome of Timaliidae species. Most PCGs began with ATG, whileCOIandND2genes started with GTG. Nine of the PCGs used complete (TAA) or incomplete (TA– or T––) stop codon, whileND1andND6genes ended with AGA,COIgene ended with AGG, andND6gene with TAG. Overall base composition of the complete mtDNA was 30.30% A, 23.81% T, 31.72% C, and 14.17% G. All the PCGs inY. diadematawere distributed on the H-strand, except for theND6gene and eight tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The entire mitogenome ofTylototriton kweichowensisis 16 727 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGS), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), and 1 control region (CR). Except for ND6 subunit and 8 tRNA genes are distributed on the L-strand, all the other PCGs and tRNA genes are located on the H-strand. “ATG” and “GTG” are the start codons of the PCGs, “TAA”, “AGA”, “TA–” and “T––” are the stop codons. Most of the tRNA genes can be folded into typical clover-leaf secondary structure. The genome ofT. kweichowensishas two repeat sequences in the cob-noncoding region. Mitogenomic phylogenetic analysis (NJ tree) robustly resolved the genus-level relationship among the three generaTylototriton, Echinotriton, andPleurodeles, and which is congruent with the previous molecular phylogeny results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garrulax elliotiibelonged to Passeriformes, one of the members of Timaliidae family. It was a kind of unique and resident species habitat in the evergreen broadleaf forest and alpine shrub belt. The complete mitochondrial genome ofG. elliotiiwas constituted by 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) genes, two Ribosomal RNA (12SrRNA and 16SrRNA) genes, and two control regions (D-loop) genes.ND6and eight tRNA genes (tRNAGln, tRNAAla, tRNAAsn, tRNACys, tRNATyr, tRNASer(UCN), tRNAPro, andtRNAGlu) encoded on light strand, and the other 12 protein-coding genes encoded on heavy strand. Mitochondrial genes had been widely used in studies of phylogenetic relationships, molecular diagnostics, and an important tool for genome architecture, it has a significance mean for us provided the complete mitochondrial genome ofG. elliotiito the Timaliidae family construction in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofGarrulax formosuswas obtained for the first time, which is 17 869 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA genes and 2 different control regions. All genes are distributed in plus strand, with the exceptions of one PCG (ND6) and eight tRNA genes. All PCGs are initiated with ATG, except forCOX1, which is initiated with GTG, while stopped by five types of stop codons. All tRNA genes have the potential to fold into typical clover-leaf structure excepttRNASer(GCT). According to the phylogenetic tree, we can infer that it is reasonable to divideGarrulax formosusinto the genusGarrulax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitogenome ofTylototriton shanjingis 16,661 bp in length with GenBank accession number KR154461, which contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and 1 control region (CR). The overall base composition of this mitogenome is biased toward AT content at 59.45%. Most of the PCGs and tRNA genes are located on the H-strand, except for ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes, which were distributed on the L-strand. The PCGs used “ATG” and “GTG” as the start codons, while “TAA”, “TAG”, “AGA”, and “T–” are used as stop codons. Almost all tRNA genes were folded into typical cloverleaf secondary structures. TheT. shanjinggenome had two tandem repeat sequences in the cob-noncoding region. The mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses shows that the generaEchinotriton and Tylototritonwere clustered into a strong supported monophyletic clade, which is a sister clade to the genusPleurodeles, this confirms the previous phylogenetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timaliidae, generally known as the babblers, includes about 275 species in 50 genera. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome ofGarrulax ocellatus, and it was determined to be 17,828 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNAsfer (tRNA) genes, and 2 control regions. The complete mitochondrial genome contained 15.24% G, 23.02% T, 33.13% C, and 28.61% A, which was similar to otherPasseriformesmitochondrial genomes. There are eight tRNA genes and one PCG (ND6) encoded on the L-strand, and other PCGs were encoded on the H-strand. All genes were closely assembled and only 17 intergenic spacers were observed. In total, the spacers were 99 bp in length, and there were seven pairs of genes overlapping sequences of 30 bp in length. Phylogenetic relationship could provide useful information for the further study on the species taxonomic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tylototriton taliangensiswas listed as a Near Threatened amphibian in IUCN red list. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of this species (GenBank: KP979646) and found it contains 16,265 base pairs, which encode 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA) and 1 control region (CR). We also found that almost all PCGs and tRNA genes are located on the H-strand, except for ND6 subunit gene and eight tRNA genes, which were distributed on the L-strand. The PCGs used “ATG” and “GTG” as the start codon, while used four types of stop codons. Almost all tRNA genes were folded into typical cloverleaf secondary structures. The L-strand replication origin (OL) and a non-coding region were also found. The new mitogenomic phylogenetic tree confirms the reciprocally monophyly of the genusTylototriton, EchinotritonandPleurodeleswith high bootstrap value. The present study will provide information for future studies on the conservation genetics and phylogeny of this species and its relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]