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The translucent white-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, fusiform-shaped bacterium (designated strain SY72 T ) was isolated from waste-activated sludge. Optimal growth occurred at 30-37 °C and pH 6.0-7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria. Strain SY72 T is closely related to Tabrizicola aquatica KCTC 23724 T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Pseudorhodobacter aquaticus DC2N1-10 T (96.4 %), respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SY72 T and the closest phylogenetically related strain, Tabrizicola aquatica KCTC 23724 T , was 18.0±0.7 %. In strain SY72 T , the predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, and the cellular fatty acids consisted mainly of C18 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω7c-11 methyl. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth did not occur in strain SY72 T . Furthermore, strain SY72 T did not produce photosynthetic pigments or contain the photosynthetic genes pufL and pufM, by which it differed from the phototrophic species of the family Rhodobacteraceae. On the basis of distinct phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, strain SY72 T represents a novel species of the genus Tabrizicola, for which the name Tabrizicola fusiformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SY72 T (=KCTC 62105 T =NBRC 113021 T ).

A novel bacterium, designated strain 13-2-B6(T), was isolated from seawater adjacent to Songak Mountain on Jeju Island, South Korea. The novel strain was observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile with a single polar flagellum. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 13-2-B6(T) was determined to be phylogenetically closely related to the type strain of Antarctobacter heliothermus, currently the sole species of the genus Antarctobacter (family Rhodobacteraceae). Sequence similarity between the 16S rRNA genes of strain 13-2-B6(T) and A. heliothermus EL-219(T) is 96.9 %. Strain 13-2-B6(T) was found to grow optimally at 25-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain 13-2-B6(T) was identified as ubiquinone Q-10 and the major fatty acids were identified as C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, two unknown phospholipids, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown lipid were found to be components of the polar lipid profile. The G + C content of strain 13-2-B6(T) was determined to be 62 mol %. On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 13-2-B6(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Antarctobacter, for which the name Antarctobacter jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-2-B6(T) (=KCTC 42009(T) =JCM 19898(T)).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GJSW-31(T), was isolated from seawater from the South Sea, South Korea. The novel strain grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain GJSW-31(T) clustered with the type strains of species of the genus Litoreibacter. Strain GJSW-31(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.2-98.5% to the type strains of species of the genus Litoreibacter and sequence similarities of less than 96.18% to type strains of the other species with validly published names. Strain GJSW-31(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C(18:1)ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-31(T) were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GJSW-31(T) was 62.5 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of Litoreibacter albidus, Litoreibacter janthinus, Litoreibacter meonggei and Litoreibacter ascidiaceicola were 13-23%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJSW-31(T) is separate from other species of the genus Litoreibacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-31(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Litoreibacter, for which the name Litoreibacter ponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-31(T) ( =KCTC 42114(T) =NBRC 110379(T))., (© 2014 IUMS.)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, BS-B2(T), which was isolated from a tidal flat sediment at Boseong in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain BS-B2(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The novel strain exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.4 %) to Marivita geojedonensis DPG-138(T). Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BS-B2(T) is closely related to Primorskyibacter sedentarius KMM 9018(T), showing 96.5 % sequence similarity. Strain BS-B2(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-B2(T) comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid as major components, and differentiated it from the type strains of P. sedentarius and M. geojedonensis. The DNA G+C content of strain BS-B2(T) was 62.2 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrated that strain BS-B2(T) can be distinguished from phylogenetically related genera as well as P. sedentarius and M. geojedonensis. On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-B2(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Aestuariivita boseongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aestuariivita boseongensis is BS-B2(T) ( = KCTC 42052(T) = CECT 8532(T))., (© 2014 IUMS.)

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RA2-3(T), was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain RA2-3(T) was observed to grow optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain RA2-3(T) exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to the type strains of Litoreibacter meonggei (95.7 %), Planktotalea frisia (95.6 %), Thalassobius gelatinovorus (95.5 %) and Pelagicola litoralis (95.4 %). A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RA2-3(T) clustered with the type strains of Planktotalea frisia, Pelagicola litoralis, Pacificibacter maritimus and Roseovarius marinus. Strain RA2-3(T) was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain RA2-3(T) were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain RA2-3(T) was 52.9 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strain RA2-3(T) is considered to represent a new genus and species within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Halocynthiibacter namhaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of H. namhaensis is RA2-3(T) (=KCTC 32362(T)=NBRC 109999(T)).

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, D-17(T), was isolated from mud flats in the Yellow Sea in Korea. Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain D-17(T) belongs to the genus Pseudoruegeria and it shared 97.5 % similarity with the type strain of Pseudoruegeria haliotis WM67(T). The sequence similarities with Pseudoruegeria litimaris HD-43(T) and Pseudoruegeria aquimaris SW-255(T) were 96.9 and 96.1 %, respectively. Strain D-17(T) was found to grow with 0.5-6 % (w/v) NaCl, at 20-30 °C, and at pH 6.5-8.0. Strain D-17(T) was determined to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c, as defined by the MIDI system) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified lipid and four unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 63.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness with P. haliotis WM67(T) was 32.5 %. The differential phenotypic properties revealed that strain D-17(T) can be separated from other Pseudoruegeria species. Based on the data presented in this study, strain D-17(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudoruegeria limi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D-17(T) (=KCTC 32460(T) =JCM 19487(T)).

A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated SSK6-1(T), was isolated from the zone where the ocean and a freshwater spring meet at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain SSK6-1(T) grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SSK6-1(T) clustered with Phaeobacter daeponensis TF-218(T) and Phaeobacter caeruleus LMG 24369(T), exhibiting sequence similarities of 98.6 and 98.3 %, respectively. The novel strain exhibited sequence similarities of 94.6-97.8 % to the type strains of other recognized species of the genera Phaeobacter and Leisingera. Strain SSK6-1(T) contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain SSK6-1(T) were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain SSK6-1(T) was 64.6 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with P. daeponensis TF-218(T) and P. caeruleus were 21 and 25 %, respectively. The differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain SSK6-1(T) is separate from recognized Phaeobacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain SSK6-1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Phaeobacter, for which the name Phaeobacter aquaemixtae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSK6-1(T) ( = KCTC 32538(T) = CECT 8399(T)).