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Background: Gallbladder cancers are rare diseases that can be diagnosed by pathological examination. In this study, we determined the frequency of incidental gallbladder cancer in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and asked, "Should we expand the indications for cholecystectomy in in gallbladder diseases to reduce the incidence of gallbladder cancer?" We aimed to find an answer to the question. Materials and Methods: The files of patients who underwent cholecystectomy between January 2011 and January 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients under the age of 18 who underwent open cholecystectomy, were diagnosed preoperatively and had different concomitant oncological diseases were excluded from the study. Patients over the age of 18 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease were included in the study. Demographic data, radiological examinations, pathology reports, stages, follow-up and treatment, and results of patients with incidentally diagnosed gallbladder cancer were recorded. Results: Of the 4499 patients who underwent cholecystectomy within the specified date range, 3324 met the inclusion criteria. Gallbladder cancer was detected incidentally in nine (0.27%) patients. 5 (55.5%) of the patients were male (M/F:5/4) and their mean age was 67.3 (47-78) years. While five patients underwent only laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy after extensive resection after cholecystectomy. The mortality rate was 55.5% (n=5). Conclusions: The results are satisfactory in patients with gallbladder cancers diagnosed at an early stage. Because of the possibility of coincidental cancer, radiological examination and histopathological evaluation should be done with care. Even if it is not symptomatic, the choice of early surgery in benign diseases diagnosed at an early age should be reviewed with new studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are rare diseases and surgical treatment is promising. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the patients who underwent surgical treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in our hospital in the last 11 years; We aimed to present our findings to the literature. Materials and Methods: The files of the patients who applied for pNET between January 2011 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with multiple data deficiencies, who did not undergo surgery, and who were younger than 18 years of age were excluded from the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, type of operation, tumor size, type and histological features, hospital stay, recurrent disease and survival. Results: Of the 33 patients included in the study, 13 were female and 20 were male, and the median age was 56 (18-86). There were 8 patients with functional tumors, one was somatostatinoma and the others were insulinomas. Enucleation in 7 of the patients; Pancreatectomy was performed in 26 of them. There were three patients whose main lesion was adenocarcinoma and serous cystadenoma, who underwent resection and whose specimen pathology had incidental pNET. We had 23, 7 and 3 patients with grade 1,2 and 3 tumors, respectively. The median value of tumor diameter was 24 (3-80) mm. The median value for hospital stay was 7 (2-50) days. The median value of follow-up was 24 (1-71) months; disease-free survival was 14 (1-71) months. Conclusions: pNETs are a rare disease that can be detected incidentally and should be carefully managed. Studies with larger series are needed to reach a consensus on the surgical and conservative treatment of pNET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate arthroscopically the type, localization and prevalence of the meniscal and chondral lesions accompanying complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in patients who elected not to restrict their daily activities after the initial trauma. The size of the chondral lesions was also evaluated. Our second aim is to analyze the effects of age, time from injury, and both age and time from injury in the presence or absence of accompanying lesions in these patients. The localization and type of the accompanying lesions of 317 knees with complete rupture of the ACL were recorded by the same observer. We applied therapeutic arthroscopy to all patients after their first visit to our clinic. All of the patients were military personnel and their history revealed that they had elected to not restrict their occupational activities after the first trauma causing ACL insufficiency. We defined the first 6 week period after the initial trauma as the acute, 6 weeks to 12 months as the subchronic and 12 months or longer as the chronic period. The average time from injury to arthroscopy for these patients, who were all male, was 19.4 ± 20.3 months. Eighty-one percent of the patients had at least one meniscal tear, and 45.1% had at least one chondral lesion. The mean ages at the time of surgery of patient groups with or without medial and lateral menisci lesions were compared, and no statistically significant difference was determined. In the chronic period, the relative risk (RR) values of meniscal tears were 7.75 for medial and 2.40 for lateral. The group consisting of patients with chondral lesions was compared with the group of patients without chondral lesions in terms of their ages and the time from injury to arthroscopy, and the difference was statistically significant. The RR value for patients with co-existence of at least two lesions was 1.761 for more than 30 years of age. The RR values for at least two lesions were 2.356 for the subchronic and 14.909 for the chronic group when compared to the acute group. The RR values in patients more than 30 years of age in the chronic group were 13.58 for medial meniscus, 3.21 for lateral meniscus and 71.88 for chondral lesions when compared to patients less than 30 years of age in the acute group. It is important to note that the combined effects of advanced age and prolonged time from injury in patients who elected to not restrict occupational activities are more severe due to the increase in the occurrence of intraarticular lesions accompanying ACL insufficiency as compared to their separate effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The main aim of this retrospective study was to present our experience on scaphoid nonunion treated with vascularised bone graft. Methods Between 2006 and 2012, 58 patients presenting with symptomatic scaphoid nonunion were eligible to participate in this study. Topography of the nonunion included 29 proximal, 25 waist and 4 distal scaphoid nonunions. Vascularised bone graft from distal dorsal radius was used in all cases which were stabilised with the headless cannulated compression screws. Scapholunate angles, Natrass carpal height ratio were evaluated pre and postoperatively. Range of motion of the affected side was compared to that of the contralateral side after the surgery. Results Radiographic union was achieved in 50, out of 58 cases with an average time of 9.9 weeks (range, 6–18 weeks). Out of all the non-united cases, four of them were in proximal, three in the waist and one was in distal scaphoid. In nine proximal nonunions treated by 4 + 5 ECA graft all but one were united. The mean follow up was 21.7 months (12–62 months). The flexion was 91.6%, the extension was 91.5%, the radial deviation was 81.2%, and the ulnar deviation was 89.5% compared to the other side. The grip strength was 93%. Preoperative DASH score was 61.5 diminishing to 28.7 postoperatively. There was no significant change in Natrass carpal height ratio but a slight improvement occurred in scapholunate angles both pre and postoperatively. Conclusion Vascularised bone graft is a good solution for scaphoid nonunion to enhance the healing rate especially in the presence of avascular necrosis. Proximal pole nonunions, humpback deformity and smoking are important negative factors for scaphoid nonunion despite the use of a vascularised bone graft. A trapezoidal wedge graft is necessary for the volar type nonunions with humpback deformity. 1,2 ICSRA offer an advantage with its proximity to scaphoid in all nonunion locations. Nonetheless, 4 + 5 ECA graft is also a good solution for proximal nonunions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]