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The present study was designed to explore the possible effects of Pteris vittata on visual sensitivity, ERG waves, and other components of the visual system. Electrophysiological techniques including electroretinography (ERG) were used in the present study. The phytochemical composition of the extract was investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. The results indicated that the extract significantly augmented dark- and light-adapted ERG b-wave amplitude. Furthermore, these findings showed that P. vittata extract does not have Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonistic activity but may function as a retinal neural antagonist in bullfrog retina. P. vittata extract improved the visual sensitivity by 0.8 log unit of light intensity, and reduced the regeneration time for rhodopsin. The six main peaks obtained through LC-MS were identified as flavonoids. Based on these results, it was concluded that P. vittata extract or its constituents may be used to treat eye diseases.

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: The fruit of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae) is traditionally used as an aphrodisiac, astringent, restorative and tonic in Asian countries. It is advised for treating diseases related to liver, kidney and urinary dysfunction, premature greying, blurred vision, infertility, impotence and premature ejaculation. Additionally, there is a long history of different parts of the plants being used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. However, no scientific studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of Rubus coreanus in visual processes of the vertebrate retina. Aim of study: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the positive effects of Rubus coreanus extracts on visual processes in the vertebrate''s eye. Materials and methods: Electroretinogram (ERG) techniques were used to record the responses from a bullfrog''s eye cup preparations. Active pharmacological agents were used to block specific receptors in the retina and to leave others unaffected. Lipid peroxidation in the retina was generated by adding FeSO4 +Na-ascorbate. Results: It was observed that both dark- and light-adapted ERG b-wave peak amplitude significantly increases with Rubus coreanus treatment. It was found that Rubus coreanus acts as a retinal neural antagonist but not as GABA receptor antagonist. Rubus coreanus treatment lowered the duration of rhodopsin regeneration. The results obtained indicated that Rubus coreanus protects against lipid peroxidation drop off ERG amplitude in retina. Conclusion: Based on results obtained, it is suggested that Rubus coreanus can potentially improve visual sensitivity and can be used to treat pathophysiological conditions of eye. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]