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Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using honeysuckle as raw material, chlorogenic acid (CGA) was extracted with different alcohols. Based on the single-factor experiment design, the relationship between each parameter and the response value was explored by Box–Behnken method to optimize the process conditions. Best extraction results were obtained under the conditions of solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, the ultrasonic time of 40 min, the ultrasonic vibrator power of 240 w, and the CGA extraction rate of 2.98%. The experimental data show that the extraction rate of CGA is related to the length of the alcohol carbon chain and the number of hydroxyl groups in the extractant. The results from this work can provide technical basis for the safe and efficient production of CGA from honeysuckle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the first time, response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the conditions for ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidants from Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) fruits. Initially, influencing factors such as liquid-solid ratio, duration of ultrasonic assisted extraction, pH range, extraction temperature and ethanol concentration were identified using single-factor experiments. Then, with respect to the three most significant influencing factors, the extraction process focusing on the DPPH· scavenging capacity of antioxidants was optimized using RSM. Results showed that the optimal conditions for antioxidant extraction were 13.03:1 (mL/g) liquid-solid ratio, 16.86 min extraction time and 40.51% (v/v) ethanol, and the desirability was 0.681. The UPLC-ESI-MS analysis results revealed eleven kinds of phenolic compounds, including four major rare anthocyanins, among the antioxidants. All these results suggest that UAE is efficient at extracting antioxidants and has the potential to be used in industry for this purpose.

Response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the conditions for extraction of antioxidants from black soybean (Glycine max var) sprouts. Three influencing factors: liquid-solid ratio, period of ultrasonic assisted extraction and extraction temperature were investigated in the ultrasonic aqueous extraction. Then Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction process focused on DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of the antioxidants with respect to the above influencing factors. The best combination of each significant factor was determined by RSM design and optimum pretreatment conditions for maximum radical-scavenging capacity were established to be liquid-solid ratio of 29.19:1, extraction time of 32.13 min, and extraction temperature of 30 °C. Under these conditions, 67.60% of DPPH radical-scavenging capacity was observed experimentally, similar to the theoretical prediction of 66.36%.

In this paper, response surface methodology was employed to optimize experimental process for ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of curcuminoids compounds from rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. The Box–Behnken design on three factors and five levels together with response surface methodology were used to optimize experimental conditions for total curcuminoids content and radical scavenging capacity. The radical scavenging capacity was determined by ABTS and TRAP methods. For the ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction, optimum process was set as below: [Omim]Br concentration, 4.2 mol/L; liquid-raw ratio, 30 mL/g; extraction time, 90 min; ultrasonic power, 250 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gentiana rigescens is a rich source of iridoids and is commonly used as a folk medicine for treatment of hepatitis and cholecystitis for over 1000 years. A rapid ultrafast liquid chro-matography e ultraviolet method was developed for simultaneous determination of four major iridoid glycosides in G. rigescens . Response surface methodology based on the Box e Behnken design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions of iridoid glycosides. Using the Shim-Pack XR-ODS III, four iridoid glycosides were efficiently separated with an acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid aqueous solution gradient at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min for 8 minutes. All the regression equations revealed a good linear relationship ( R 2 > 0.9995). The intraday and interday variations were < 1.95%. The recoveries ranged from 99.7% to 103.2%. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: methanol concentration, 82%; the ratio of liquid to solid material, 68:1 (mL/g); and extraction time, 32 minutes. The yield of the four iridoid glycosides under the optimal process was found to be 63.08 mg/g, which was consistent with the predicted yield. In addition, the total content of 50 cultivated samples from Lincang, Yunnan, China, was within the range of 33.6 e 113.26 mg/g, which provides a more reasonable foundation for utilization of G. rigescens . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the conditions for extraction of antioxidants from black soybean (Glycine max var) sprouts. Three influencing factors: liquid-solid ratio, period of ultrasonic assisted extraction and extraction temperature were investigated in the ultrasonic aqueous extraction. Then Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction process focused on DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of the antioxidants with respect to the above influencing factors. The best combination of each significant factor was determined by RSM design and optimum pretreatment conditions for maximum radical-scavenging capacity were established to be liquid-solid ratio of 29.19:1, extraction time of 32.13 min, and extraction temperature of 30 °C. Under these conditions, 67.60% of DPPH radical-scavenging capacity was observed experimentally, similar to the theoretical prediction of 66.36%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ionic liquid (IL) based ultrasonic assisted extraction (ILUAE) was developed for the effective extraction of puerarin from Radix Puerariae Lobatae (RPL). The ILUAE parameters including the type of ILs, IL concentration, RPL amount, ultrasonic power and time were optimized by single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the best results were obtained using RPL amount 0.43g in 10mL 1.06molL−1 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide aqueous solution, ultrasonic time 27.43min and ultrasonic power 480W. Scanning electron microscope images of RPL samples were obtained to provide visual evidence of the sonication effect. Compared with the conventional ultrasonic assisted extraction and refluent extraction, the proposed ILUAE offered shorter extraction time and remarkable higher efficiencies due to the higher penetration ability and solubility of IL and the cavitation phenomenon produced in the solvent by the passage of an ultrasonic wave, which further supported the suitability of the proposed approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Lycopene extraction was carried out via the ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) with response surface methodology (RSM). Sonication enhanced the efficiency of relative lycopene yield (enhancement of 26% extraction yield of lycopene in 6 replications at 40.0min, 40.0°C and 70.0% v/w in the presence of ultrasound), lowered the extraction temperature and shortened the total extraction time. The extraction was applied with the addition of oxygen-free nitrogen flow and change of water route during water bath sonication. The highest relative yield of lycopene obtained was 100% at 45.0°C with total extraction time of 50.0min (30:10:10) and ratio of solvent to freeze-dried tomato sample (v/w) of 80.0:1. Optimisation of the lycopene extraction had been performed, giving the average relative lycopene yield of 99% at 45.6min, 47.6°C and ratio of solvent to freeze-dried tomato sample (v/w) of 74.4:1. From the optimised model, the average yield of all-trans lycopene obtained was 5.11±0.27mg/g dry weight. The all-trans lycopene obtained from the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms was 96.81±0.81% with 3.19±0.81% of cis-lycopenes. The purity of total-lycopene obtained was 98.27±0.52% with β-carotene constituted 1.73±0.52% of the extract. The current improved, UAE of lycopene from tomatoes with the aid of RSM also enhanced the extraction yield of trans-lycopene by 75.93% compared to optimised conventional method of extraction. Hence, the current, improved UAE of lycopene promotes the extraction yield of lycopene and at the same time, minimises the degradation and isomerisation of lycopene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Ganoderma lucidum extraction was optimized using ultrasonic assisted response surface methodology. • Time was the most critical factor for the optimized extraction procedure. • Antioxidant activity and ganoderic acid content were optimized at 64.2–70 °C for 1.2 h. • Anti-diabetic activity and polysaccharide content were optimized at 66.8–70 °C for > 2.8 h. • Heat-dried samples extracted at 50 °C for 3 h showed high anti-inflammatory potential. The dried Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been widely used for its pharmacological properties and bioactive ganoderic acids (GAs). Herein, extraction procedures combining ultra-sonication and heating were optimized using response surface methodology based on four variables (antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, total GAs content, and total polysaccharide content) and principal component analysis. The extraction of freeze-dried GL at temperatures between 64.2 and 70 °C for 1.2 h maximized the antioxidant activity and GA content, whereas the polysaccharide content and anti-diabetic activity were maximized by extraction between 66.8 and 70 °C for more than 2.8 h. Heat-dried GL extracted at 50 °C for 3 h provided the greatest anti-inflammatory activity against HaCaT cells by suppressing the response to inflammation related cytokines at mRNA levels. These results suggest that extraction conditions might be a limiting factor for target-oriented investigations, and optimized extraction methods may improve the potential effect and quality of harvested GL products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]