1. Toward Continuous Monitoring of Breath Biochemistry: A Paper-Based Wearable Sensor for Real-Time Hydrogen Peroxide Measurement in Simulated Breath
- Author
-
Stefan Schumann, E. Laubender, Can Dincer, Firat Güder, Daniela Maier, Abhiraj Basavanna, Gerald Urban, Wellcome Trust, and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
- Subjects
Lung Diseases ,Paper ,Time Factors ,Pulmonary disease ,Wearable computer ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Biosensing Techniques ,01 natural sciences ,Differential analysis ,Article ,electrochemical analysis ,Humans ,Instrumentation ,Respiratory mask ,Electrodes ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,respiratory diseases ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Continuous monitoring ,Paper based ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Amperometry ,Carbon ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,wearables ,Breath gas analysis ,exhaled breath testing ,paper-based sensors ,0210 nano-technology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Exhaled breath contains a large amount of biochemical and physiological information concerning one’s health and provides an alternative route to noninvasive medical diagnosis of diseases. In the case of lung diseases, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important biomarker associated with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer and can be detected in exhaled breath. The current method of breath analysis involves condensation of exhaled breath, is not continuous or real time, and requires two separate and bulky devices, complicating the periodic or long-term monitoring of a patient. We report the first disposable paper-based electrochemical wearable sensor that can monitor exhaled H2O2 in artificial breath calibration-free and continuously, in real time, and can be integrated into a commercial respiratory mask for on-site testing of exhaled breath. To improve precision for sensing H2O2, we perform differential electrochemical measurement by amperometry in which screen-printed Prussian Blue-mediated and nonmediated carbon electrodes are used for differential analysis. We were able to measure H2O2 in simulated breath in a concentration-dependent manner in real time, confirming its functionality. This proposed system is versatile, and by modifying the chemistry of the sensing electrodes, our method of differential sensing can be extended to continuous monitoring of other analytes in exhaled breath.
- Published
- 2019