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Understanding more about the discharge of care orders is vital—whether a care order remains in place has significant implications for children and their families and for local authorities. While there has been comprehensive research about the process and outcomes of care proceedings, much less is known about the discharge of care orders—particularly how, why and when care orders are ended and the differences between applications that are granted and those that are not. The present study combined data from an anonymized administrative data on discharge applications, a detailed analysis of children's e‐records and qualitative interviews with family justice professionals to create the first detailed profile of discharge applications across England and Wales. This paper reports, for the first time, the number of discharge applications and outcomes across England and Wales, highlighting regional as well as between‐country variation. Drawing on data from children's e‐records and interviews with professionals, highlighting how and why local authorities are more likely to submit discharge applications, and to have applications granted, than parents. Recommendations are made for how to adapt professional practice and policy around discharge applications to better meet the needs of children and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A care order represents one of the most significant state interventions in England and Wales. The end of a care order is equally important, often meaning a withdrawal of statutory support and monitoring, and children returning home to birth parent(s), living with kinship carers or living independently. Despite its importance, little is known about the discharge of care orders. This article reports on the findings of the first study of the discharge of care orders in England and Wales. Casefile data from 323 children's records were analysed using descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis. Qualitative data from the same records were collected and analysed thematically. Interviews and focus groups were also held with forty-one professionals involved in discharge. Based on the findings, this article reports on a new typology of discharge applications. The typology represents six distinctly different types of application varying on: process and application outcome; length of proceedings; applicant motivation and age and views of the child. The typology developed indicates that differentiated legal and social work processes may be needed to better meet the needs of children and families. This article concludes by presenting recommendations for policy, practice and research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging research in the UK suggests a disproportionate number of autistic adults experience homelessness. This paper reinterprets findings from a narrative study on autism and homelessness through the lens of Critical Disability Studies (CDS). Ten autistic participants who had experienced homelessness took part in narrative interviews focussing on their life history. Throughout their lives, participants experienced repeated social and economic exclusion, which ultimately led to homelessness. This paper uses CDS to examine how normative social expectations may increase risk of homelessness for autistic people. It also considers how some participants renegotiated their autistic identities and became self-advocates. Using dis/human theory, it is argued that the autism label provides a framework from which to challenge social exclusion. To reduce risk of homelessness for autistic adults, structural changes are required that reposition accepted forms of personhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although nonverbal expressions in face and body are our primary means of communicating emotional feelings, word-based instruments dominate in clinical/counselling, health, education, and research. Picture-based instruments usually contain four to eight facial expressions of age-, gender-, and ethnic-specific posed photos validated by multiple or forced choice, which may not be relevant for people of other demographics. We report the development, free-choice validation and initial applications of a multipurpose nonverbal instrument designed for people to communicate their feelings and show recognition of a broad range of feelings. The Pictured Feelings Instrument, a nonverbal vocabulary of feelings, comprises 26 face and/or body line drawings of pictured feelings ( PFs), which are intentionally ambiguous regarding age, gender, and ethnicity, but feeling-specific (e.g., love, sad, victimised, strong, overloaded). Studies with 325 Australians found high validity and reliability: Adults validated all 26 PFs, and younger groups (12 and under) validated 22-24 PFs, similar to pilot study results in Hawaii. Methodologically, we use free-choice naming for validation; we use images of face and body/context to express feelings in their appropriate modalities. Uses in psychology, medicine, education, rehabilitation, and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]