1. Is neighbourhood social deprivation in a Brazilian city associated with the availability, variety, quality and price of food in supermarkets?
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Leite, Maria Alvim, Assis, Maíra Macário de, Carmo, Ariene Silva do, Costa, Bruna Vieira de Lima, Claro, Rafael Moreira, Castro, Inês Rugani de, Cardoso, Letícia de Oliveira, Netto, Michele Pereira, and Mendes, Larissa Loures
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FOOD prices , *PROCESSED foods , *FOOD quality , *NEIGHBORHOODS , *SUPERMARKETS , *FOOD supply statistics , *RESEARCH , *FERRANS & Powers Quality of Life Index , *SOCIAL participation , *CONVENIENCE foods , *CROSS-sectional method , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVALUATION research , *MEDICAL cooperation , *FOOD supply , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *COMPARATIVE studies , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,URBAN ecology (Sociology) - Abstract
Objective: To verify differences in the availability, variety, quality and price of unprocessed and ultra-processed foods in supermarkets and similar establishments in neighbourhoods with different social deprivation levels at Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: The Obesogenic Environment Study in São Paulo's Food Store Observation Tool (ESAO-S) was applied in thirty-three supermarket chains, wholesale and retail supermarkets.Results: Fruits, vegetables and ultra-processed foods were available in almost all establishments, without differences according to Health Vulnerability Index (HVI; which varies from 0 to 1 point and the higher the worse; P > 0·05). Most establishments were concentrated in low vulnerability areas and offered healthy foods with greater variety and quality, despite higher prices. The Healthy Food Store Index (HFSI; which varies from 0 to 16 points and the higher the best) was calculated from the ESAO-S and the mean score was 8·91 (sd 1·51). The presence and variety of unprocessed foods count as positive points, as do the absence of ultra-processed products. When HFSI was stratified by HVI, low HVI neighbourhoods presented higher HFSI scores, compared with medium, high and very high HVI neighbourhoods (P = 0·001).Conclusions: Supermarkets and similar establishments are less dense in areas of greater social deprivation and have lower prices of healthy foods, but the variety and quality of those foods are worse, compared with areas of low vulnerability. We found worse HFSI for supermarkets located in areas with greater vulnerability. Those findings can guide specific public policies improving the urban food environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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