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2. Augmented Reality in Education: An Overview of Research Trends
- Author
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F. Sehkar Fayda-Kinik
- Abstract
Augmented reality (AR), a cutting-edge technology, has the potential to change the way students learn by superimposing virtual items and information onto the real environment. Through more immersive and interesting interactions with digital content, AR might help students better understand difficult concepts and boost their drive to learn. As a result of its contribution to student learning, AR has become increasingly appealing to educational researchers. This study aimed to descriptively explore the characteristics of AR studies in education and to qualitatively analyze the most influential ones indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) between 2000 and 2022. A scoping review was conducted to determine the sample of the AR studies in education based on the inclusion criteria. Accordingly, descriptive analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of the AR studies in education between 2000 and 2022 in terms of publication year, country, affiliations, journals, funding agencies, and citation trends. Then, the research methodologies and implications were found among the most influential AR studies in education between 2000 and 2022 by synthesizing qualitatively. The overall results indicated that AR studies in education have been conducted since 2008, with an increasing number of studies over time. Based on the implications of the most influential studies identified in terms of citation numbers, it was detected that AR has the potential to enhance education and training by providing interactive and engaging environments, linking real-world contexts with digital resources, and promoting efficiency and effectiveness in learning. [This paper was published in: "EJER Congress 2023 International Eurasian Educational Research Congress Conference Proceedings," Ani Publishing, 2023, pp. 273-291.]
- Published
- 2023
3. Nurses' health beliefs about paper face masks in Japan, Australia and China: a qualitative descriptive study.
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Omura, M., Stone, T.E., Petrini, M.A., and Cao, R.
- Subjects
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PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission , *PREVENTION of communicable diseases , *CONTENT analysis , *CULTURE , *HEALTH attitudes , *RESEARCH methodology , *HEALTH policy , *NURSES' attitudes , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *QUALITATIVE research , *SECONDARY analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *COVID-19 - Abstract
Aim: To explore the health beliefs of clinical and academic nurses from Japan, Australia and China regarding wearing paper masks to protect themselves and others, and to identify differences in participants' health beliefs regarding masks. Background: The correct use of face masks and consensus among health professionals across the globe is essential for containing pandemics, and nurses need to act according to policy to protect themselves, educate the public and preserve resources for frontline health workers. Paper masks are worn by health professionals and the general public to avoid the transmission of respiratory infections, such as COVID‐19, but there appear to be differences in health beliefs of nurses within and between countries regarding these. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used content analysis with a framework approach. Findings: There were major differences in nurse participants' beliefs between and within countries, including how nurses use paper masks and their understanding of their efficacy. In addition, there were cultural differences in the way that nurses use masks in their daily lives and nursing practice contexts. Conclusion: Nurses from different working environments, countries and areas of practice hold a variety of health beliefs about mask wearing at the personal and professional level. Implications for nursing policy and health policy: The COVID‐19 pandemic has sparked much discussion about the critical importance of masks for the safety of health professionals, and there has been considerable discussion and disagreement about health policies regarding mask use by the general public. Improper use of masks may have a role in creating mask shortages or transmitting infections. An evidence‐based global policy on mask use for respiratory illnesses for health professionals, including nurses, and the general public needs to be adopted and supported by a wide‐reaching education campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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4. Charting the Terrain of Global Research on Graduate Education: A Bibliometric Approach
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Kuzhabekova, Aliya
- Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the global research on graduate education. The study applied a combination of a bibliometric and social network analysis methods to bibliographic data from Thompson Reuters' Web of Science. More specifically, a keyword search approach was used to retrieve 2,454 articles on graduate education from 1996 until 2020. The set was processed with the VantagePoint software. The paper reports the findings in the form of lists of top scholars, research centres, and countries contributing to research on graduate education. The findings include similar lists of the key funding agencies, contributing disciplines and publication venues, as well as maps representing collaborative activity in the field between institutions, and countries. Finally, the frequency of utilisation of groups of author-supplied keywords is analysed to determine the basic thematic structure of the research on the topic. The originality of the paper consists in the fact that it represents the first attempt to map the landscape of research on graduate education using bibliographic data. It can be used to supplement the results of literature reviews on the topic, which apply a more in-depth content analysis-based approaches to a limited number of papers to determine the thematic structure of the field.
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- 2022
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5. Three Decades of Literacy Preservice Teachers' Engagement in Research: Operationalizing Critical Reflexivity to Explore Possibilities for Increasing Racial Literacy
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Lammert, Catherine
- Abstract
In this paper, the author analyzes 89 studies published from 1990 through 2020 that focused on literacy preservice teachers' involvement in action research as part of learning to teach. In doing so, the author provides an example of why critical reflexivity is necessary in qualitative literature review methods. The author relies on a social practice view of race and uses activity theory to answer the questions: How have researchers considered race as a factor in research on literacy preservice teacher education? How can preservice teachers' experience with research be (re)designed to help develop their racial literacy? Findings demonstrate that in the reviewed studies, 51% of researchers addressed preservice teachers' race, and 34% addressed K-12 students' race. Far fewer studies, however, acknowledged their own race or that of field supervisors and mentor teachers, which ultimately minimized their roles. Findings also emphasize four design principles for literacy teacher education programs that aim to include research: collaboration between K-12 partners and universities; selective teacher educator scaffolding; engagement with diverse communities; and extensive time spent as part of the pathway toward racial literacy. The implications and uses of an existing literature base that reflects shifting reporting standards related to race are also examined.
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- 2022
6. Middle Leaders and Middle Leadership in Schools: Exploring the Knowledge Base (2003-2017)
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Harris, Alma, Jones, Michelle, Ismail, Nashwa, and Nguyen, Dong
- Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explore the development of the knowledge base on middle leadership in schools. Since the seminal reviews conducted by Bennett a contemporary scan only of the scholarly literature on middle leaders/leadership in schools has not been undertaken. Consequently, this article looks at outputs relating to this topic by examining research papers indexed in the Web of Science and in SCOPUS between 2003 and 2017. The prime purpose of this review is to offer some reflections on the development of the empirical base on middle leadership in schools since 2003 and to highlight some of the implications for future research. The article concludes that middle leadership in schools remains an ongoing focus of research inquiry in a growing number of countries but suggests that the knowledge base would benefit from more sophisticated empirical studies and greater theoretical analysis.
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- 2019
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7. Biomechanics, Exercise Physiology, and the 75th Anniversary of RQES
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Hamill, Joseph and Haymes, Emily M.
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the biomechanics and exercise physiology studies published in the Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES) over the past 75 years. Studies in biomechanics, a relatively new subdiscipline that evolved from kinesiology, first appeared in the journal about 40 years ago. Exercise physiology studies have been published in RQES throughout its history. Studies in both subdisciplines reflect areas of research that were of great interest at the time of their publication. Many of the leading scholars, past and present, in both biomechanics and exercise physiology were authors of papers in RQES.
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- 2005
8. Walking a Tightrope: The Balancing Act of Learning Advising. Refereed Proceedings of the 2007 Annual International Conference of the Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors of Aotearoa New Zealand. Volume 3
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Manalo, Emmanuel, Bartlett-Trafford, Julie, and Crozier, Susan
- Abstract
This volume comprises the refereed proceedings of the 2007 ATLAANZ (Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors of Aotearoa/New Zealand) conference. The first three chapters set the scene well for the breadth and depth of issues addressed by the authors. In Chapter 1, Andy Begg refers to his own educational journey in discussing the inseparability of educational experiences and outcomes from day-to-day life. In Chapter 2, Owen Ormsby stresses the importance of integrating the cultural attributes of indigenous people within education to achieve meaningful forms of success. Justin Heke, in Chapter 3, addresses the question of how to incorporate Maori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) perspectives and experiences into the content of national curricula. Chapters 4 to 6 address issues about the broader sense of identity of tertiary learning advisors. Susan Carter and Julie Trafford report in Chapter 4 on learning advisors' views about themselves and their work. Susan Carter in Chapter 5 then discuss how tertiary learning advisors consider it best to define their identity, practice, and profession. Barbara Morris in Chapter 6 examines the critical question of how the instruction and support provided by learning centres produce tangible benefits for institutes of technology and their students. The next three chapters describe initiatives in response to the ever-changing needs of students. In Chapter 7, Jude Robinson and Liz Kerry discuss methods for overcoming some of the social problems that online delivery of student support presents. In Chapter 8, Nishani Singh examines the appropriateness and practical implications of developing reflective skills in a postgraduate preparatory programme delivered offshore. And in Chapter 9, Caroline Malthus discusses issues arising from workshops to promote the development of students' spoken "literacy". In Chapters 10 to 12, the core tertiary learning advisor work of providing one-to-one support for students is examined. Margaret Wilson, in Chapter 10, investigates her own practice when working one-to-one with students on their writing. In Chapter 11, Catherine Mitchell looks into the facilitative role of emotions in one-to-one consultations. Then Lois Wilkinson, Natilene Bowker, Judith Deane-Freeman, and Sam Rullan discuss in Chapter 12 useful lessons learnt from an online pre-reading service they provide to distance students. The final two chapters in this volume deal with research. In Chapter 13, Emmanuel Manalo examines the role of research in the work of tertiary learning advisors. Then, in Chapter 14, Barry White describes an approach to teaching research methodology and interdisciplinarity workshops for postgraduate students. (Individual papers contain references.) [This report was produced by the Association of Tertiary Learning Advisors of Aotearoa New Zealand (ATLAANZ).]
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- 2008
9. Documenting Sociolinguistic Variation in Lesser-Studied Indigenous Communities: Challenges and Practical Solutions
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Mansfield, John and Stanford, James
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Documenting sociolinguistic variation in lesser-studied languages presents methodological challenges, but also offers important research opportunities. In this paper we examine three key methodological challenges commonly faced by researchers who are outsiders to the community. We then present practical solutions for successful variationist research on indigenous languages and meaningful partnerships with local communities. In particular, we draw insights from our research with Australian languages and indigenous languages of rural China. We also highlight reasons why such lesser-studied languages are crucial to the further advancement of sociolinguistic theory, arguing that the value of the research justifies the effort needed to overcome the methodological difficulty. We find that the challenges of sociolinguistics in these communities sometimes make standard variationist methods untenable, but the methodological solutions we propose can lead to valuable results and community relationships.
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- 2017
10. A Review of Citation Analysis Methodologies for Collection Management
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Hoffmann, Kristin and Doucette, Lise
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While there is a considerable body of literature that presents the results of citation analysis studies, most researchers do not provide enough detail in their methodology to reproduce the study, nor do they provide rationale for methodological decisions. In this paper, we review the methodologies used in 34 recent articles that present a "user study" citation analysis with a goal of informing collection management. We describe major themes and outliers in the methodologies and discuss factors that require careful thought and analysis. We also provide a guide to considerations for citation analysis studies, so that researchers can make informed decisions.
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- 2012
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11. SCUTREA Conference Proceedings, 1970-1997. 25th Anniversary CD-ROM.
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Standing Conference on Univ. Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults.
- Abstract
This CD-ROM contains 693 papers on university teaching and research in the education of adults that were presented during the 27-year period from 1970 through 1997. The CD-ROM is designed to be used with the Macintosh, Windows 95, and Windows 3.1 operating systems and Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (version 3), which is included along with the papers. Papers can be accessed by clicking titles in lists of papers from each year's proceedings; clicking paper titles listed in an alphabetically arranged list of key words; and searching for a word or combination of words associated with paper titles, authors, and key words. Free text searches can also be performed. The following are among the topics covered in significant numbers of papers: adult education; adult basic education; adult educators; adult learning; adult students; adult vocational education; aging; andragogy; behavioral objectives; community education; community development; competency-based education; computer-assisted instruction; counseling; course content; course evaluation; curriculum design/development; educational finance; educational practices; educational principles; educational research; educational theories; evaluation methods; further education; labor education; learning processes; learning theories; lifelong education; literacy education; National Vocational Qualifications; older adults; professional continuing education; professional development; reflective practice; research design; research needs; research utilization; student and teacher attitudes; and women's education. (MN)
- Published
- 1997
12. Learning management systems: a review of the research methodology literature in Australia and China.
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Turnbull, Darren, Chugh, Ritesh, and Luck, Jo
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LEARNING Management System ,RESEARCH methodology ,LITERATURE reviews ,EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
Education is seen as an important vehicle to foster relationships with countries in the Asia-Pacific region – particularly with Australia's most important economic partner, China. There are many prior studies that have explored the impact of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) on users, through a variety of research designs. However, the diversity of research designs used means that the nuances and subtleties of the diverse approaches, particularly in the context of Australia and China are unknown. The purpose of this literature review is to compare the research designs employed by empirical studies of LMS usage in Australia and China. This review explores the similarities and differences in research methodologies (quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods), research approaches (confirmatory or exploratory) and data collection methods commonly used in a selection of contemporary studies from both countries. The findings indicate Chinese studies employ quantitative methodologies more than Australian studies; confirmatory research is more prevalent in China than Australia; and that there is a distinct preference for surveys in Chinese studies. This review will assist the developers of future collaborative research projects between China and other countries, to construct study designs that are compatible with the identified research strengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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13. A psychometric evaluation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese immigrants: Linguistic and cultural considerations.
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Zhang, Ling, Ding, Ding, Fethney, Judith, and Gallagher, Robyn
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IMMIGRANTS ,CULTURE ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,LANGUAGE & languages ,HEALTH literacy ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,FACTOR analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Objective: Health literacy is an important predictor of health outcomes. The Health Literacy Questionnaire has been widely adopted to measure health literacy and has been translated into multiple languages including Chinese. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese Health Literacy Questionnaire. Methods: Data were obtained from a sample of 362 Chinese immigrants from Chinese community organizations in New South Wales, Australia. Statistical analyses include descriptive and exploratory factor analyses. Results: A seven‐factor solution was derived from 39 of the original 44 items, all with acceptable to excellent internal consistency but differing from the original construction. The health literacy subscale scores were negatively associated with age and with age at immigration, but positively associated with duration of stay (years) in Australia, better English proficiency and current employment. Differing interpretations of the questions based on Chinese culture could possibly explain the variations between the two versions. Conclusion: The simplified Chinese Health Literacy Questionnaire measures some central concepts of health literacy well. However, the questionnaire may require further development, especially in linguistic and cultural aspects. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The Health Literacy Questionnaire has been translated and validated in multiple languages with good reliability and validity. What this paper adds? The study addresses issues that may be related to cultural adaptation and language interpretation of the simplified Chinese version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. The implications of this paper: It is important for researchers and clinicians to evaluate the cultural sensitivity of translated questionnaires within the specific context before application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. Exposure to e-cigarette advertising and young people's use of e-cigarettes: A four-country study.
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Pettigrew, Simone, Santos, Joseph A., Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina, Yuan Li, and Jones, Alexandra
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ELECTRONIC cigarettes ,MASS media ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL media ,ADVERTISING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization recommends banning all forms of e-cigarette advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. The aims of the present study were to: 1) examine young people's exposure to e-cigarette advertising across a wide range of media in four diverse countries; and 2) identify any association between the number of different types of media exposures and e-cigarette use. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was administered to approximately 1000 people aged 15-30 years in Australia, China, India, and the United Kingdom (n=4107). The survey assessed demographic characteristics, e-cigarette and tobacco use, numbers of friends and family members who vape, and exposure to multiple forms of e-cigarette advertising (e.g. television, radio, print, and various types of social media). Descriptive analyses were conducted on those who had heard of e-cigarettes (n=3095, significance threshold p<0.001) and a logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with e-cigarette ever use (significance threshold p<0.05). RESULTS The majority (85%) of respondents who had heard of e-cigarettes reported being exposed to e-cigarette advertising on at least one type of media, and the average number of types of media to which respondents were exposed was 5 (range: 0-17). The number of media types was significantly associated with ever use of e-cigarettes (OR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Despite advertising restrictions in place in all four countries, large majorities of young people reported being exposed to e-cigarette advertising. Social media and advertising on/around vape shops and other retailers appear to be key exposure locations. Urgent attention is needed to address these forms of exposure given their apparent association with e-cigarette use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Moving beyond translation: Development of WeCope, a self‐management resource for Chinese‐Australian immigrants affected by cancer.
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Wu, Verena Shuwen, Smith, Allan 'Ben', and Girgis, Afaf
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TUMOR treatment ,IMMIGRANTS ,FOCUS groups ,CAREGIVERS ,SOCIAL support ,SELF-management (Psychology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,PATIENT decision making ,INTERVIEWING ,PATIENT satisfaction ,CANCER patients ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITATIVE research ,INFORMATION resources ,COMMUNITY-based social services ,COMMUNICATION ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,HEALTH ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CONTENT analysis ,THEMATIC analysis ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,EMOTIONS ,NEEDS assessment ,HEALTH self-care ,CULTURAL awareness ,PAMPHLETS - Abstract
Objective: Currently, there are no self‐management resources in Australia that support both Chinese immigrant patients affected by cancer and their caregivers. This paper reports on the development and acceptability assessment of a self‐management intervention (WeCope) in terms of its scope, social and cultural relevance and sensitivity. Methods: Using a community participatory approach in this qualitative study, patients, caregivers and community members took part in semi‐structured focus groups or interviews in Cantonese, Mandarin or English to develop and provide feedback on the acceptability of 'WeCope'. Content analysis was performed on the transcripts using inductive (codes) and deductive (themes and categories) methods. Results: Patients (n = 17), caregivers (n = 10) and community members (n = 2) participated. Four themes were developed, guided by the framework of cultural sensitivity in interventions: (1) content preference and satisfaction; (2) perceived usefulness and usability; (3) cultural relevance and acceptability; and (4) layout and presentation. Participants most commonly wanted more information about treatment‐related issues (n = 14) and available support services (n = 14). Conclusion: Chinese patients and caregivers expressed overall satisfaction with the WeCope resource and provided suggestions for improvement, including provision of more treatment‐related information and contact details for available support while reducing the overall resource length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. The Nutritional Health Beliefs of Nurses in Japan, Thailand, China and Australia.
- Author
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Turale, Sue, Stone, Teresa Elizabeth, and Warunee Fongkaew
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BIOMECHANICS ,CONTENT analysis ,DIETARY supplements ,HEALTH ,HEALTH attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,NURSES ,NURSES' attitudes ,NUTRITION ,INFORMATION resources ,QUALITATIVE research ,EVIDENCE-based nursing - Abstract
Nurses' beliefs about food and nutrition influence the care and advice they give patients, their families, nurses and others, but these beliefs have not been extensively researched before. This paper presents findings from the qualitative phase of a large q-methodology study that involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. The phase of the study reported here utilized a qualitative descriptive approach regarding a range of beliefs, and in-depth interviews with 240 participants who comprised 30 academics and 30 clinical nurses each from China, Thailand, Japan and Australia. Content analysis was employed to analyse the extracted data regarding their beliefs about nutrition and nutritional supplements, and the sources of these beliefs. Findings and resultant discussion are reported about 17 specific nutritional beliefs. We concluded that many nurses in all the surveyed countries had some false and scientifically unsupported beliefs about nutrition, derived primarily from the media or personal experience. Study findings speak to the need for nurses to critically examine the sources of information they use in their practice and teaching, as well as a need for research to be reported responsibly and accurately. The review of the presented evidence about nutrition will assist nurses in their clinical and teaching practice, and hopefully inspire them to use evidence-based practice in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
17. The diversity of social connectedness experiences among older migrants in Australia.
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Tran, Tran Le Nghi, Liu, Shuang, Gallois, Cindy, Haslam, Catherine, Jetten, Jolanda, and Dane, Sharon
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IMMIGRANTS ,ENGLISH language ,RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL networks ,CULTURAL pluralism ,INTERVIEWING ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,THEMATIC analysis ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,ETHNIC groups ,OLD age - Abstract
This paper explores the social connectedness experiences among older migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds in Australia. Data were collected via two rounds of semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic and cluster analysis. Participants were 40 migrants aged 66-91 years, of German, Dutch, Romanian, Chinese, and Vietnamese origin. They identified a range of factors affecting their social connectedness experiences: personal preferences, individual efforts to connect with others, English language proficiency, driving ability, and length of residence. Data analysis also revealed four groupings of experience: the isolated, family, ethnic community, and multicultural cluster. These patterns of connectedness were experienced differently across the ethnic groups. The findings suggest the benefits of providing culture-specific social connection opportunities to help older migrants to stay socially connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Parenting Immigrants: Understanding How Family Relationships Impact the Wellbeing of Older Chinese Immigrants Living on the Gold Coast, Australia.
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Gao, Siyao, Dupre, Karine, and Bosman, Caryl
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WELL-being ,IMMIGRANTS ,PARENT attitudes ,LIFESTYLES ,HOUSEKEEPING ,REUNIONS ,RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL networks ,INTERVIEWING ,FAMILY conflict ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,PARENTING ,EXPERIENCE ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FAMILY relations ,THEMATIC analysis ,COMMITMENT (Psychology) ,VALUES (Ethics) ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Immigration brings particular challenges to older Chinese immigrants' wellbeing because they make a new home in a foreign country. Based on 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews, this study aims to understand the immigration history of this specific group and unravel the complex links between family relationships and wellbeing. Four themes emerged from the interviews. First, the decision to immigrate is the result of the combined influence of family values, affinities and the need for aged care. Second, after immigration, housework normally negatively influences their wellbeing. The third theme pertains to the interactions amongst family members. The final theme shows that Chinese immigrants' perceived wellbeing is influenced by family relationships, an independent lifestyle and social networks. This research highlights older Chinese immigrants' complex feelings of family commitment, personal values and the need for aged care. Practical implications for policymakers to better facilitate this group's wellbeing are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. Evaluation of a Culturally Tailored Education to Promote Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Chinese-Australian Women.
- Author
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Kwok, Cannas and Lim, Danforn
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BREAST tumor diagnosis ,BREAST tumor prevention ,BREAST tumors ,MAMMOGRAMS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CULTURE ,HEALTH attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PAP test ,PATIENT education ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,CERVIX uteri tumors ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,EARLY detection of cancer ,PSYCHOLOGY ,DIAGNOSIS ,CANCER & psychology - Abstract
Unlabelled: This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate education program on the following: (i) awareness of screening practices (breast awareness, mammogram, and Pap smear test); (ii) screening intention within the next six months; and (iii) knowledge about breast and cervical cancer among Chinese-Australian women. Titled "Happy and Healthy Life in Sydney," this was a quasi-experimental study with both pre- and post-test design. A convenience sample of 288 Chinese women was recruited through Chinese organizations such as churches and community centers. Participants completed the questionnaires before and after the educational program. The results show that the program was effective in promoting awareness of breast and cervical cancer screening and resulted in increased participative intentions in both mammogram and Pap smear testing within the next 6 months. Results also indicate that knowledge and belief scores were significantly increased.Conclusion: Our study supports that educational programs which use culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate strategies are effective in improving both knowledge of breast and cervical cancer and awareness of their early detection practices among Chinese-Australian women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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20. Analysis of studies on the travel motivations of senior tourists from 1980 to 2017: progress and future directions.
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Otoo, Felix Elvis and Kim, Seongseop (Sam)
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TOURISTS ,TRAVEL ,RESEARCH methodology ,POPULATION aging ,PROGRESS - Abstract
As the global senior population expands, there is increasing scholarly interest in the intersection between tourism and the aging population. After nearly four decades of scholarly inquiry, there is the need for a comprehensive review of emerging studies. Therefore, this study was initiated to investigate publications on senior tourists' motivations from 1980 to 2017. Specific objectives include the identification of publication trends over the years, the identification of research methodologies, and an analysis of the nature of the motivations that have emerged over the past three decades. To accomplish these, a systematic and snow-balling process was employed to identify relevant publications on travel motivations. Furthermore, a classification of senior tourists' motivations into domains is provided. The findings suggest a potential increase in publications in the coming decades, domination of certain markets, including the USA, Australia, and China, the emergence of four broad senior travel motivation domains divided into 13 sub-domains, and some distinctiveness and similarities in senior travel motivations in comparison with other motivation schemes. These motives vary across different generations of seniors. The variables identified in this study provide a useful theoretical understanding of the senior travel phenomenon and for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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21. Hepatitis B‐related stigma among Chinese immigrants living with hepatitis B virus in Australia: A qualitative study.
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Jin, Defeng, Brener, Loren, and Treloar, Carla
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IMMIGRANTS ,HEPATITIS B ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL stigma ,INTERVIEWING ,PARENT-child separation ,MEDICAL screening ,EXPERIENCE ,QUALITATIVE research ,HEALTH literacy ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL attitudes ,JUDGMENT sampling ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Chinese immigrants in Australia are overrepresented among people with chronic hepatitis B virus (PWCHB) but experience poor access to healthcare. Given the historical discriminatory policies against PWCHB in mainland China, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of stigma and discrimination surrounding hepatitis B virus (HBV) among Chinese immigrants originally from mainland China. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted by a researcher with a Chinese background in 2019–2020. Sixteen Chinese immigrants living with HBV were recruited across Sydney and Melbourne through advocacy and support groups. This study is positioned in social constructionism. Data analysis was informed by the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework that highlights the interaction between layered stigmas. This study revealed the historical, social and cultural construction of HBV‐related stigma among PWCHB and demonstrated how this stigma was manifested across socioecological levels in China and Australia. Findings show that HBV‐related stigma has mostly been driven by knowledge deficits about HBV and fear of HBV infection. HBV‐related stigma was mostly demonstrated around social isolation including isolation imposed by family and the community and employment restrictions in the Chinese workplace. In the Australian context, HBV‐related stigma was related to the ethnic and cultural background of PWCHB, and primarily occurred as anticipated stigma in the community and in employment. The findings provide significant insights for crosscutting research and policy endeavours to develop and test cross‐disciplinary initiatives that more broadly address the complex lived realities of Chinese immigrants living with hepatitis B virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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22. Searching for a sense of place: Identity negotiation of Chinese immigrants.
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Liu, Shuang
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ACCULTURATION ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHINESE people ,PSYCHOLOGY ,GROUP identity ,PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology - Abstract
This paper reports the identity negotiation experiences of first, second and 1.5 generation Chinese immigrants in Australia. Integration into the Australian larger society requires first generation immigrants to learn or improve their English language skills and adapt to the host cultural practices to the extent possible so that they can be accepted as a member of the mainstream society. Second and 1.5 generation immigrants have the advantage of being well-equipped with knowledge of the host cultural practices and English language skills as they were either born in the host country or migrated at a young age. However, as they grow up, they realize that it is not possible for people with Chinese ancestry to be 100% “Australian”, no matter how well they speak the English language or how closely they follow the Australian way of life. Their physical appearance sets them apart from the Anglo-Australians at first sight. Consequently, they also need to perform to the expectations of both cultural groups, and this is what they do on a daily basis. Drawing upon data from 35 semi-structured interviews with first, second and 1.5 generation Chinese in Australia, this study illustrates that shifted identity, rather than blended identity is favoured by majority of respondents as they navigate through the bicultural environment to “fit in” different contexts. The Findings from this study highlight that identification with a culture does not necessarily suggest belonging to that culture. Identification and belonging are not the same. Those findings are discussed in light of implication for theories on identities and acculturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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23. Economic Issues Are Moral Issues 2: Attributing Blame for Inequality Occurring in the United States versus Foreign Countries.
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Franks, Andrew S.
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COMMITMENT (Psychology) ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,EMOTIONS ,ETHICS ,RESEARCH methodology ,PRACTICAL politics ,POOR people ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Moral appeals consistent with an individual's values affect their propensity to take action against inequality and its deleterious effects. Accordingly, moral foundations such as harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, or purity concerns could also affect perceptions of inequality and attributions regarding who is to blame for it. For instance, individuals high in loyalty concerns, who are typically more conservative, may show in‐group favoritism toward their own country by expressing less moral judgment of inequality in their own country versus other countries. Further, research germane to the belief in a just world has shown that conservatives are more likely to blame the poor for their poverty. The current research investigated the degree to which participants' moral reactions to a high degree of economic inequality are influenced by the country in which that inequality exists as well as the degree to which liberals (Democrats) versus conservatives (Republicans) blame inequality on different target groups. A mixed‐design experiment tested participants' degree of blame for equality across all targets (the poor, the rich, corporations, the government) for one of three randomly assigned countries (the United States, Australia, or China). Results were consistent with predictions related to moral concerns and ideological differences in attributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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24. Knowledge evaluation instruments for dementia caregiver education programs: A scoping review.
- Author
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Resciniti, Nicholas V, Tang, Weizhou, Tabassum, Masroora, Pearson, Joseph Lee, Spencer, Sharon Melinda, Lohman, Matthew C, Ehlers, Diane K, Al‐Hasan, Dana, Miller, Maggi C, Teixeira, Ana, and Friedman, Daniela B
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TREATMENT of dementia ,AUTHORS ,CAREGIVERS ,CINAHL database ,DEMENTIA ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,POPULATION geography ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,LITERATURE reviews ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,HEALTH literacy ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,OLD age - Abstract
With the increase in our older adult population, there is a need for dementia training for informal and formal dementia caregivers. The objective of this scoping study is to assess dementia knowledge instruments utilized in educational programs and interventions intended for formal and informal dementia caregivers. Scoping review methodology was used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Web of Science with tailored database search terms. The search yielded 8101 results, with 35 studies meeting inclusion. Studies were conducted in eight countries, had varying study designs (randomized controlled trials [RCTs] = 9, non‐RCTs = 6, one‐group study design = 20) and utilized previously published (19) and author developed (16) instruments. Furthermore, the studies were internationally diverse, conducted in the United States (n = 18), Australia (n = 7), UK (n = 3), China (n = 2), Canada (n = 2), Taiwan (n = 1), Brazil (n = 1) and multi‐country (n = 1). Only two studies focused on minority populations. While author‐developed instruments may be more relevant and timesaving, studies should strive to validate instruments or use previously published instruments to help standardize findings across studies and understand better the effects of educational programs on caregiver knowledge. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 397–413. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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25. Urban‐rural comparisons in health risk factor, health status and outcomes in Tianjin, China: A cross‐sectional survey (2009‐2013).
- Author
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Luo, Da, Du, Jiajun, Wang, Pei, and Yang, Wenxiu
- Subjects
ADVERSE health care events ,CHI-squared test ,CHRONIC diseases ,COMMUNITY health services ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ALCOHOL drinking ,EXECUTIVES ,HEALTH status indicators ,HYPERTENSION ,HEALTH insurance ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION of medical care ,PATIENT satisfaction ,PHYSICIANS ,PROBABILITY theory ,RURAL health services ,RURAL population ,SMOKING ,SURVEYS ,URBAN health ,CROSS-sectional method ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LABORATORY personnel ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Objective: To investigate the urban‐rural disparities in health risk factors, health status and outcomes in Tianjin, China and to make an international comparison with urban‐rural health in Australia. Design: A descriptive analytical cross‐sectional survey. Setting: Mobile research teams conducted door‐to‐door field surveys of each house or department. The teams included local administrative staff and Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention's epidemiologists, clinicians and laboratory technicians. Participants: A total of 25 288 residents were interviewed and clinically observed, including 8583 urban residents and 16 705 rural residents. Main outcome measure: Health risk factors, health status and outcomes. Results: The age structure in urban areas of Tianjin was growing older. Rural residents received less high school education and university education than did urban residents. Urban residents had higher medical insurance coverage and paid more out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures than did rural residents. The prevalence of smoking and the crude alcohol consumption rate were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Rural residents had feelings of higher self‐satisfaction concerning their health status than did urban residents. The prevalence of hypertensive disease, type 2 diabetes and heart, stroke and vascular diseases were significantly lower in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rate of serious injuries resulting from traffic accidents was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Conclusion: Contrary to Australian urban‐rural survey outcomes, the health status and outcomes of residents in rural areas of Tianjin seemed to be better than those of their counterparts in urban areas. The underlying determinants of these outcomes need to be explored with further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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26. A Case Study on the Perception of Aging and Participation in Physical Activities of Older Chinese Immigrants in Australia.
- Author
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Fung Kuen Koo
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QUALITY of life ,EXERCISE ,AGING ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,CONTENT analysis ,CULTURE ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SATISFACTION ,SELF-evaluation ,SOUND recordings ,QUALITATIVE research ,OLD age - Abstract
This qualitative study explores how older Hong Kong Chinese Australians perceive aging and to what extent this perception affects their participation in physical activities. The main methods used were in-depth interviews with 22 participants ranging in age from 60 to 91 years. Interviews were translated from Chinese (Cantonese) and transcribed into English. Content analysis was used to find recurring themes from the interview data. The main findings indicate that the perception of aging is to some extent influenced by culture. Some participants defined aging as being measured in years, and others defined it by the state of one's physical health, appearance, and capacity to continue fulfilling one's social roles. These perceptions strongly influenced their preferences for and participation in physical activities. Acknowledging the fact that Chinese-speaking people are not culturally homogeneous, this article makes some recommendations to health service providers with regard to the development of appropriate physical activity programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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27. Development and reliability of a streetscape observation instrument for international use: MAPS-global.
- Author
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Cain, Kelli L., Geremia, Carrie M., Conway, Terry L., Frank, Lawrence D., Chapman, James E., Fox, Eric H., Timperio, Anna, Veitch, Jenny, Van Dyck, Delfien, Verhoeven, Hannah, Reis, Rodrigo, Augusto, Alexandre, Cerin, Ester, Mellecker, Robin R., Queralt, Ana, Molina-García, Javier, and Sallis, James F.
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AESTHETICS ,CYCLING ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,RESEARCH methodology ,STATISTICAL sampling ,WALKING ,INTER-observer reliability ,MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,PHYSICAL activity ,INTRACLASS correlation - Abstract
Background: Relationships between several built environment factors and physical activity and walking behavior are well established, but internationally-comparable built environment measures are lacking. The Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS)-Global is an observational measure of detailed streetscape features relevant to physical activity that was developed for international use. This study examined the inter-observer reliability of the instrument in five countries. Methods: MAPS-Global was developed by compiling concepts and items from eight environmental measures relevant to walking and bicycling. Inter-rater reliability data were collected in neighborhoods selected to vary on geographic information system (GIS)-derived macro-level walkability in five countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Hong Kong-China, and Spain). MAPS-Global assessments (
n = 325) were completed in person along a ≥ 0.25 mile route from a residence toward a non-residential destination, and a commercial block was also rated for each residence (n = 82). Two raters in each country rated each route independently. A tiered scoring system was created that summarized items at multiple levels of aggregation, and positive and negative valence scores were created based on the expected effect on physical activity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was computed for scales and selected items using one-way random models. Results: Overall, 86.6% of individual items and single item indicators showed excellent agreement (ICC ≥0 .75), and 13.4% showed good agreement (ICC = 0.60–0.74). All subscales and overall summary scores showed excellent agreement. Six of 123 items were too rare to compute the ICC. The median ICC for items and scales was 0.92 with a range of 0.50–1.0. Aesthetics and social characteristics showed lower ICCs than other sub-scales, but reliabilities were still in the excellent range (ICC ≥0 .75). Conclusion: Evaluation of inter-observer reliability of MAPS-Global across five countries indicated all items and scales had “good” or “excellent” reliability. The results demonstrate that trained observers from multiple countries were able to reliably conduct observations of both residential and commercial areas with the new MAPS-Global instrument. Next steps are to evaluate construct validity in relation to physical activity in multiple countries and gain experience with using MAPS-Global for research and practice applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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