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Cancer has become a major fatal disease in China. The relatively lower early detection rates for multiple cancer types have been one of the main reasons for a relatively lower cancer curative rate in China compared with the developed countries. To investigate trends in the early cancer detection rate over the past 5 years in a major city of China, 45,260 patients with newly diagnosed cancers of the nasopharynx, lung, thyroid, colorectum, liver, breast, uteral cervix, stomach, esophagus, blood, and kidney from 2016 to 2020 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were evaluated. The early detection rate (stage I disease) for all cancer types in combination significantly increased from 14.4 to 23.07%. Among the studied cancer types, a significant increase in stage I cancers was proportionally seen in cancers of the lung, thyroid, colorectum, and uterine cervix. While for cancers of the liver and stomach, a significant proportional increment was only observed when combining stage I and stage II diseases. No significant alteration in early cancer detection of the nasopharynx, breast, esophagus, blood, or kidney was observed. Three limitations of this present study include relatively small cohorts of cancer patients, relatively short observation periods, and limited sample representativeness. Further efforts are anticipated to validate our findings with larger patient cohorts from different parts of China and enhance early cancer detection rates by promoting public awareness, applying better health care policies, and improving insurance coverage and medical resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To the authors' knowledge, no studies to date have explored familial risks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in detail and quantified its lifetime risk in high-incidence populations.Methods: The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 2499 NPC cases and 2576 controls randomly selected in southern China from 2010 through 2014. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) associated with a family history of NPC. In addition, the authors compiled a reconstructed cohort comprising 40,781 first-degree relatives of cases and controls to calculate the lifetime cumulative risk of NPC.Results: Individuals with a first-degree family history of NPC were found to be at a >4-fold risk of NPC (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.5-6.1) compared with those without such a history, but had no excess risk of other malignancies. The excess risk was higher for a maternal than a paternal history and was slightly stronger for a sibling compared with a parental history, and for a sororal than a fraternal history. Among relatives of cases, the cumulative risk of NPC up to age 74 years was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.3%-4.2%), whereas that among relatives of controls was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.2%). Cumulative risk was higher in siblings than in parents among relatives of cases, whereas no such difference was noted among relatives of controls.Conclusions: Individuals with a family history of NPC have a substantially higher risk of NPC. These relative and cumulative risk estimates can guide the development of strategies for early detection and clinical consultation in populations with a high incidence of NPC. Cancer 2017;123:2716-25. © 2017 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objects: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) incidence exhibits a remarkable sex disparity, with higher risk among males. Whether this pattern can be partly explained by female reproductive history is unclear.Methods: A population-based case-control study of NPC was conducted in southern China between 2010 and 2014, including 674 histopathologically verified female NPC cases and 690 female controls randomly selected from population-based registries. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Women who had 3, 4, or ≥5 pregnancies compared with 2 pregnancies were at significantly increased risk for NPC (ORs 1.56, 1.45 and 1.88, respectively). History of deliveries was similarly associated with a greater risk of NPC. These positive associations were more prominent in women who were younger than 50 years, had less than 10 years of education, or were white-collar workers. Increasing time since menopause was associated with a diminished NPC risk (Ptrend = 0.010). Women more than 15 years after menopause had a 0.35-fold (95% CI: 0.16-0.75) NPC risk compared with those 0-3 years after menopause.Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis, a history of pregnancy or delivery increased the risk of NPC and the risk decreased with increasing time since menopause. However, the non-linear relationship and no consistent risk patterns across strata indicate that the observed associations are unlikely to be causal, and may at least partially be ascribed to residual confounding by socioeconomic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]