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Purpose: Digital content may increase parental access to training as well as the diversity of the training programs. YouTube videos may provide a platform from which professionals may adopt content for such programs. This study provides data regarding the clinical utility of YouTube videos about shared book reading (SBR) found on the United States (USA) and India channels. Method: A cross-sectional analysis of videos about SBR was conducted to examine metadata, evidence-based content, understandability, and actionability. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse metadata and content. Health literacy concepts of understandability and actionability were measured, and descriptive statistics are reported. Result: Of 800 videos identified, 10 included information related to storybook selection, dialogic reading, extra-textual strategies, and print-referencing strategies. These met adequate levels of understandability and actionability. Conclusion: Results provide some direction and recommendations for parent-training programs in the USA and India. The study highlights the use of YouTube videos and suggests its utility as a supplement source within parent-training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop and explore the factor structure of university faculty-focused bystander attitude and behavior measures regarding gender-based violence and to expand on the inclusion of oppressive behaviors in these measures. An online survey was administered to a convenience sample of 167 faculty from a university in the US. Two scales, Faculty Bystander Attitude Scale (FBAS) and Faculty Bystander Behavior Scale (FBBS), were developed to assess faculty bystander attitudes and behaviors. After exploratory factor analysis, the 27-item FBBS successfully loaded on three factors and, after eliminating two items, the 25-item FBAS successfully loaded on three factors. A confirmatory factor analysis will be a useful next step in confirming the factor structure of the modified measures. Faculty specific bystander attitude and behavior scales are necessary to assess the efficacy of violence prevention programming for faculty. These scales can also be incorporated into campus climate surveys to determine faculty's willingness to intervene when they witness behaviors along the continuum of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who are 50 and older constitute the majority of those living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the US. Aging PLWHA face myriad biopsychosocial health challenges related to HIV/AIDS and the aging process. Resilience may act as a buffer to the negative impact of these challenges however measuring it among PLWHA has been inconsistent, so the HIV-Related Resilience Screener (HIV-RRS) was developed. Data for the present study are drawn from 250 sociodemographically diverse HIV-positive gay men ages 50–69 in NYC. Tests of reliability and validity were conducted, and an Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a three-factor model was the most parsimonious solution. Items were examined for their underlying relationships and labeled: adaptive coping, optimism, and effective coping. The total HIV-RRS yielded a Cronbach's α of 0.84. Convergent and face validity were established using psychosocial and physical outcomes. The HIV-RRS is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess resilience among older HIV-positive gay men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Double OT (DOT) assessment is occupation-based and dynamic, designed with a clientcentered format requiring skill demonstration. It was developed to support youth transitioning into the workplace. This research intended to analyze initial validity and users' experience. Method: This study includes qualitative and quantitative analyses of data collected from surveys from 169 client participants (APs) and 30 recipient participants (ARRs) from eight sites in the USA and Europe. AP were 14 to 25 years of age and engaged in residential, educational, and vocational settings. The ARRs comprised partners who had received DOT assessment summaries about APs with whom they worked. Results: The APs showed high engagement and learning; average ratings for each item fell between 4.24-4.54 on a 5-point Likert scale. The ARRs agreed on the validity and usability of the DOT; average ratings for each item fell between 3.75 and 4.53 on a 5-point Likert scale. Qualitative themes indicated that the DOT is: "fun and engaging," "vocationally informative and applicable," and that there is an absence of commonly used assessments informing vocational transitions. Conclusion: The results support initial validity of the DOT. Users find it to be highly engaging, with good usability, and indicate that it facilitates participant learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the breadth to which obesity education is included in US dietetic internships, how it is prioritized, and the perceived barriers to providing optimal obesity curricula in dietetic internships. A 27-item, cross-sectional survey was emailed to 335 dietetic internship program administrators in the United States and Puerto Rico. Data were analyzed using general descriptive statistics. A total of 83 administrators (25%) participated. Only 26 dietetic internship programs (34%) reported their interns were "very prepared" to manage patients with obesity. Thirty-six percent had no obesity education programs in place, and 65% noted obesity education is not taught as a specific clinical rotation. Forty percent of administrators believed obesity education to be a specific competency for dietetic internships, and 33% viewed expansion of obesity education as a low priority. Lack of room in the current curriculum was the predominant barrier (22%) to integrating obesity education, whereas lack of interest was not (74%). Administrators reported their interns generally had "some to great extent" of knowledge on comorbidities of obesity (60%), but knowledge of obesity etiology and assessment was low (33%). Fifty-eight percent of dietetic internship programs did not provide weight bias training. Despite the expectation that registered dietitian nutritionists are primary educators in obesity management, US dietetic internships may not be adequately preparing their students to manage patients with obesity. Contributing factors to this disconnect should be recognized, and barriers minimized, so that optimal obesity training is provided in dietetic internships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the relative importance of factors that contribute to job choices among health care providers. A convenience sample of 173 health care providers (N=134) and physician assistant students (N=39) completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants rated the importance of sixteen job- (e.g. work environment), community- (e.g. recreational opportunities), and personal-related factors (e.g. children) and one open-ended item. The highest rated item, on average, was an opportunity to make a difference in patient quality of life (mean (M)=4.57, standard deviation (SD)=0.63) while the lowest rated item was wealth/prestige of living in a certain area (M=2.43, SD=1.05). The average importance rating was similar across types of providers and between providers and students. While personal interest to positively affect patients' quality of life was rated as the most important factor, almost all the studied items were rated as important or very important by the majority of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media connects people in a myriad of ways, yet when prevented from staying connected, an experience of missing out on information and events perceived to be integral to one's well-being may ensue. Relatedness, a core construct of self-determination theory, is a primary influencer of motivation, and therefore being cut off from others has a negative impact on one's quality of life. Across diverse groups of people, social media is utilized for a variety of purposes directly related to connectedness, which implies inherent differences in how one's fear of missing out (FoMO) manifests in everyday life. This study employed the previously validated Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOS) with a nonclinical sample of African American and Caucasian college students in the United States, with a particular focus on validity of the measure with an African American cohort due to a lack of empirical evidence pertaining to with this demographic. Factor analyses yielded inconsistent findings from the FoMOS initial validation study, and results indicated differences in self-reported FoMO between the two racial groups. We speculate that observed group-based differences are at least partially the result of how individuals from each group understood and internalized the conceptual meaning of FoMO, supporting a hypothesis of practical differences in how anxieties related to missing out manifest. This may be due to individual or group-based differences in motivations for, or general purpose of, using social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Endometriosis is a chronic disorder of the female reproductive system characterized by debilitating symptoms, particularly endometriosis-related pain (ERP). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures of symptoms and impacts are required to assess disease severity in ERP clinical studies and clinical practice. A content-valid instrument was developed by modifying the Dysmenorrhea Daily Diary (DysDD) to form the Endometriosis Daily Diary (EDD), an electronic PRO administered via handheld device. Methods: Qualitative research with US females with ERP was conducted in three stages: (1) Development of an endometriosis conceptual model based on qualitative literature and conduct of concept elicitation (CE) interviews (N = 30). (2) Cognitive debriefing (CD) interviews (N = 30) conducted across two rounds to assess relevance and understanding of the EDD, with modifications between interview rounds. (3) Pilot testing to assess usability/feasibility of administrating the EDD daily on an electronic handheld device (N = 15). Clinical experts provided guidance throughout the study. Results: The conceptual model provided a comprehensive summary of endometriosis to inform modifications to the DysDD, forming the EDD. CD results demonstrated that EDD items were relevant for most participants. Instructions, items, response scales, and recall period were well-understood. The resulting daily diary assesses severity of cyclic and non-cyclic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, impact of ERP on functioning and daily life, symptoms associated with ERP, and bowel symptoms. Participants were able to complete the diary daily and found the device easy to use. Conclusion: The EDD demonstrated good content validity in females experiencing ERP. The next step is to perform psychometric validation in an ERP sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counseling researchers and practitioners use screening tools and assessments to measure, treat, and improve their clients' overall (mental and physical) wellness, which creates a need for screening tools that appraise overall wellness. The author of this study first tested the convergent validity of scores on the Lifestyle Practices and Health Consciousness Inventory (LPHCI), a screening tool for simultaneously appraising global wellness (mental and physical) using a large (N = 796) national stratified random sample of adults living in all 50 of the United States. The author then investigated the capacity of global wellness for predicting symptoms of anxiety and depression and explored demographic differences in global wellness. Findings support the convergent validity of scores on the LPHCI and reveal that global wellness is a significant negative predictor of the symptomology of mental and physical distress. Implications for the potential utility of incorporating global wellness into counseling practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to develop and disseminate an innovative teaching activity to increase cultural competency toward sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations within the maternal and child health (MCH) context. Description: Over 4.5% of the population (16 million people in the US) identify as SGM, and this population is an often-overlooked group within the traditional MCH context. SGM individuals have specific healthcare needs, including reproductive healthcare needs, that are currently left unaddressed. Given these gaps, the future MCH workforce should be prepared with cultural competency skills to address reproductive health inequities from many perspectives, including SGM populations. An innovative SGM activity was developed and disseminated to supplement the MCH and Reproductive Health curricula. Assessment: The objectives of this SGM Reproductive Health activity were: (1) to understand SGM populations, terminology, culture, and health inequities within an MCH context; (2) enhance cultural competency and the communication skills appropriate for this population; and (3) develop culturally competent resources for practice. The teaching activity includes a lesson plan, lecture with script, recorded lecture, assignment description, and grading rubric, designed for a U.S. based curriculum. The activity was evaluated and modified based on feedback from students, and pilot tested in practice in a graduate-level reproductive health course. Conclusion: Future MCH leaders must have the skills to provide culturally competent care to the populations they serve, including SGM populations. Through teaching about SGM populations and cultural competence, educators can equip future MCH leaders with a culturally competent skillset to prepare them to work in cross-cultural situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Although randomized controlled trials indicate that the Mulligan Concept (MC) of mobilization with movement can improve pain-free grip strength and pressure pain threshold in patients with lateral epicondylalgia of the elbow, improve ankle dorsiflexion in patients with subacute ankle sprains, and decrease the signs and symptoms of patients with cervicogenic headache, little is known about the clinical application, use, and profile of certified Mulligan practitioners (CMPs) in America. Objective: To better understand the use and value of applying the MC philosophy in clinical-care environments from the perspective of American CMPs while establishing a clinical profile of a CMP. Design: Quantitative descriptive design. Setting: Online survey instrument. Participants: American CMPs. Data Collection and Analysis: Online survey instrument. Results: CMPs use the MC to treat a broad spectrum of spinal and peripheral clinical pathologies in primarily outpatient clinics with an active and athletic population. American CMPs also find value in the MC. Conclusions: American CMPs continue to use and find value in the MC intervention strategy to treat a broad spectrum of spinal and peripheral conditions in their clinical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the Military Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS), developed, and validated for use in military populations. Questionnaire development using a 6-phase approach that included item generation, subject matter expert review, cognitive interviewing, factor analysis, test-retest reliability testing, and parallel forms testing. US Army soldiers were surveyed at 8 military bases from 2016 to 2019 (n = 1,561). Content, face, and construct validity and reliability of the MEBS. Item variability, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis using principal coordinates analysis, orthogonal varimax rotation, and scree test (correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha), as well as consistency and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) of test-retest reliability and parallel forms reliability. Over 6 phases of testing, a comprehensive tool to examine military eating habits and mediators of eating behavior was developed. Questionnaire length was reduced from 277 items to 133 items (43 eating habits; 90 mediating behaviors). Factor analysis identified 14 eating habit scales (hunger, satiety, food craving, meal pattern, restraint, diet rigidity, emotional eating, fast/slow eating rate, environmental triggers, situational eating, supplement use, and food choice) and 8 mediating factor scales (body composition strategy, perceived stress, food access, sleep habits, military fitness, physical activity, military body image, and nutrition knowledge). The MEBS provides a new approach for assessing eating behavior in military personnel and may be used to inform and evaluate health promotion interventions related to weight management, performance optimization, and military readiness and resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of the study was to develop and psychometrically test a new instrument to measure the scope of school nursing practice. Design: Methodological study. Methods: Data were collected in Spring 2018. Frontline school nurses in the United States (N = 3099) completed the 39‐item Scope of School Nursing Practice Tool (SSNPT) with two domains (current practice and importance to practice). One half of sample data (N1 = 1521) were used for exploratory factor analysis, item analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Spearman–Brown to estimate validity and reliability of the instrument. Sample data from the other half (N2 = 1578) were retained for future analysis. Results: Factor analysis resulted in a stable four‐dimension solution: (A) Using the Nursing Process; (B) Applying Evidence to Improve Practice; (C) Connecting with Community; and (D) Leveraging the School and Family Team, accounting for 50.48% (current practice) and 53.31% (importance to practice) of total variance. Cronbach's alpha and Spearman–Brown ranged from.73 to.90 and.73 to.92, respectively. Item–total correlations ranged from.36 to.82. Conclusion: Initial psychometric properties indicate the new SSNPT is valid and reliable to assess the scope of practice of frontline school nurses. Impact: School nurses play a key role in population health and frequently serve as the sole provider of healthcare in schools worldwide. However, variability in school nursing practice affects the health, safety and educational outcomes of children and youth. No instrument exists that measures the scope of practice of school nurses. Frontline school nurses can use the SSNPT to assess practice, school nurse administrators can use the tool for resource utilization and school nurse researchers can use the tool to examine school nursing practices' impact on student/community health and academic outcomes. The SSNPT may provide a template for others who wish to examine specialty nursing scope of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The Self‐Care Self‐Efficacy Scale (SCSES) was newly developed as a self‐report measure for self‐care self‐efficacy for chronic illness. This study investigated its measurement equivalence (ME) in different cultural groups, including United States, China (Hong Kong), Italy, and Brazil. Design: A multi‐national study for cross‐cultural validation of the Scale. Methods: From January 2015 ‐ December 2018, investigators recruited 957 patients (United State: 200; Hong Kong: 300; Italy: 285; and Brazil: 142) with chronic illness from inpatient and outpatient settings. The SCSES was administered and clinical and demographic data were collected from participants. Based on the Meredith framework, multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance of the scale across the four populations through a series of nested models, with evaluation of reliability and coherence of the factor solution. Results: The mean ages of the groups ranged from 65–77 years, 56.4% was male. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the single‐factor SCSES were 0.93, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.90 for the United States, China (Hong Kong), Italy, and Brazil, respectively. Three of the four levels of ME were partially or totally supported. The highest level achieved was partial scalar invariance level (χ2 [52] = 313.4, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.067; 95% CI = 0.056–0.077; CFI = 0.966; TLI = 0.960, SRMR = 0.080). Conclusion: Patients from the four countries shared the same philosophical orientation towards scale items, although some of the items contributed differently to represent the concept and participants shared the same schemata for score interpretation. Impact: Self‐efficacy is important in producing effective and sustainable self‐care behavioural changes. Cultural ideation shapes the ways individuals interpret and report their self‐care self‐efficacy. The study findings support cross‐cultural and cross‐national utility of the SCSES for research on self‐care across United States, China (Hong Kong), Italy, and Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the English version of the FCCHL tool in urban and rural, socioeconomically vulnerable or unstable, chronic comorbid adults in the United States.Methods: A cross-sectional study measuring both validity and reliability.Results: A total of 276 participants were recruited. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha of α = 0.87. External reliability was measured by test-retest methodology. Construct validity was measured using Confirmatory Factor Analysis that showed good fit. Criterion validity was measured by comparing the mean scores of the FCCHL tool sub-scales. Concurrent validity was measured by comparison of means of the FCCHL tool and education level compared to the NVS and s-TOFHLA.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the FCCHL tools is measuring three different concepts. Overall, the FCCHL tool was seen to have good validity and reliability in the identified population.Practice Implications: The FCCHL tool is a 14-item, self-report health literacy tool measuring more than functional health literacy. The tool can be used in practice to improve not only functional health literacy, but also communicative and critical which is highly applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bicultural Identity Integration Scale (BIIS-2) and the Multicultural Identity Styles Scale (MISS) were designed to assess different aspects of bicultural identity. The BIIS-2 captures characteristics of a bicultural identity in the domains of affect (harmony vs. conflict) and cognition (blendedness vs. compartmentalization). The MISS measures 2 distinct strategies (hybrid and alternating identity styles) used to achieve and maintain a bicultural identity. The aims of the present study were to investigate the factor structures of MISS and BIIS-2 scores using confirmatory factor analysis and to examine potential construct overlap between the 2 measures using exploratory structural equation modeling. Measures were administered twice (11 days apart) to a sample of 836 Hispanic young adults in the United States. Confirmatory factor analytic results supported the 2-factor structure of the MISS. The BIIS-2 items patterned onto 4 factors: harmony, conflict, blendedness, and compartmentalization. Configural, metric, and scalar equivalence of the factor structures of both measures were established across time. The exploratory structural equation modeling indicated no salient cross-loadings between the MISS and the BIIS-2 subscales, and this independence was consistent across time. Interfactor correlations indicated a strong, positive relationship between the hybrid identity style and BII-blendedness subscales. Scores on the alternating identity style subscale were positively related to the BII-conflict, BII-compartmentalization, and BII-blendedness subscales. Overall, findings provide evidence for the construct validity of the MISS and its empirical distinctiveness from the BIIS-2 and suggest a 4-factor structure for the BIIS-2. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Synthesis of psychometric properties of substance use measures to identify patterns of use and substance use disorders remains limited. To address this gap, we sought to systematically evaluate the psychometric properties of measures to detect substance use and misuse.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature on measures of substance classes associated with HIV risk (heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy, alcohol) that were published in English before June 2016 that reported at least one of the following psychometric outcomes of interest: internal consistency (alpha), test-retest/inter-rater reliability (kappa), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. We used meta-analytic techniques to generate pooled summary estimates for these outcomes using random effects and hierarchical logistic regression models.Results: Findings across 387 paper revealed that overall, 65% of pooled estimates for alpha were in the range of fair-to-excellent; 44% of estimates for kappa were in the range of fair-to-excellent. In addition, 69, 97, 37 and 96% of pooled estimates for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, respectively, were in the range of moderate-to-excellent.Conclusion: We conclude that many substance use measures had pooled summary estimates that were at the fair/moderate-to-excellent range across different psychometric outcomes. Most scales were conducted in English, within the United States, highlighting the need to test and validate these measures in more diverse settings. Additionally, the majority of studies had high risk of bias, indicating a need for more studies with higher methodological quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An occupational repertoire is the array of occupations that an individual has the perceived capacity to perform at a specific point in time. The Occupational Repertoire Development Measure – Parent is a new tool that uses parent report to identify the occupations children can and do perform and their interests in and opportunities for doing them. This study aimed to test the face validity, comprehensiveness, and internal consistency of the Occupational Repertoire Development Measure – Parent as a tool to measure the occupational repertoire of children aged between 2 and 12 years. Method: Twenty-nine occupational therapists completed an online questionnaire about the Occupational Repertoire Development Measure – Parent, and 27 parents completed it and then provided feedback via a structured interview. Descriptive statistics, content analysis, and the content validity index guided data analysis. Results: Participants view the Occupational Repertoire Development Measure – Parent as practical, simple, and supportive of occupation-centred practice to optimize children's development of a meaningful repertoire. Overall, self-care occupations were rated highly relevant. Lower-scoring occupations were those perceived as performed only by older children, nonessential for children with disabilities, or culturally unimportant. Conclusion: Results indicate value in the further development of the Occupational Repertoire Development Measure – Parent and validate that it asks relevant questions to understand a child's performance, engagement, and opportunities, leading to optimal repertoire development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying depressive cognitions in first-generation Middle Eastern immigrants (FGMEI) can be an important step to prevent the development of clinical depression. Purpose: This study focused on the cross-cultural equivalence and psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the Positive Thinking Skills Scale (A-PTSS) among 100 FGMEI. Methods: Content/face validity of the measure was conducted. Internal consistency, homogeneity, dimensionality and construct validity were assessed. Results: Cronbach's alpha for (A-PTSS) was.89. Factor extraction generated only one factor, which is consistent with the English version. The A-PTSS total score had a strong positive correlation with the positive cognition scores (r =.42, p <.001), the total resourcefulness scores (r =.39, p <.001), and with the total generalized anxiety scores (r = −.42, p <.001), thereby suggesting construct validity. Conclusion: This scale has the potential to become a useful screening tool for depressive cognitions among FGMEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess and compare the face (FV) and content validity (CV) of three ex vivo animal models for simulation training in pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR). Methods: Feasibility of performing LTR was assessed on the head and neck of three different animals (lamb/suckling-pig/rabbit) and laryngeal dimensions and qualitative observations were recorded. A 19-item five-point Likert scale questionnaire was completed for each model to assess FV and CV. Data was prospectively collected and analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistics. Results: All three models were suitable for LTR simulation with laryngeal dimensions corresponding to 0-2 years (rabbit), 5-10 (pig) and >10 years (lamb model). Five trainees and five expert pediatric otolaryngologists performed LTR on each model. The overall median FV score was 5 for the lamb model (IQR 4-5), 3 for the rabbit (IQR 2-3), and 4 for the pig (IQR 4-4). The overall median CV score was 5 for the lamb (IQR 5-5), 2 for the rabbit (IQR 2-3), and 4 for the pig model (IQR 4-4). Comparison of the models demonstrated the lamb to be favored as the most realistic and practical model for simulation training in pediatric LTR, with both the lamb and the porcine model attaining validation thresholds. Conclusion: Our study is the first comparative validation assessment of animal models for use in pediatric LTR simulation and it supports the use of ex vivo lamb and porcine models for use in LTR surgical skills training. The lamb model was the favored simulation model while the rabbit was considered inferior for simulation training in pediatric LTR. Level of Evidence: 3b [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine prevalence of bullying among nurses and explore associations of organizational betrayal and support with well‐being among nurses exposed to bullying. Background: Bullying is a problem in many nursing workplaces, and organizations have an obligation to support nurses who are bullied. Support or betrayal after bullying could affect nurse well‐being, including burnout. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study among U.S. nurses, data were collected in a survey using the Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised for Nursing, the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire for Health, the Well‐Being Index, a job satisfaction scale and demographic questions. Results: Prevalence of weekly/daily bullying was 31% (N = 242). Among nurses exposed to any bullying (N = 173), organizational betrayal increased odds of burnout (OR 2.62, p =.02), job dissatisfaction (OR 2.97, p =.04) and absenteeism (OR 6.11, p <.001). Organizational support decreased odds of job dissatisfaction (OR 0.30, p =.001) and absenteeism (OR 0.50, p =.04). Conclusion: Analysis of study findings suggests organizational betrayal increases likelihood of burnout, job dissatisfaction and absenteeism, and support decreases likelihood of dissatisfaction and absenteeism. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse leaders should be aware of the issue of organizational betrayal and support in relation to well‐being. Future studies can further explore the concepts of betrayal and support to provide additional evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Psychache has been proposed to cause suicide when it becomes unbearable. However, existing measures of psychache do not directly target unbearable psychache. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to provide initial validation for a brief measure of unbearable psychache.Method: Three items were selected to create the Unbearable Psychache Scale (UP3). Psychometric properties were assessed in two populations: (1) an online sample composed of 1,006 adults (53% male) from various locations in the United States and (2) a sample of 190 psychiatric inpatient adults (47% male) from a hospital in Western Canada.Results: In both samples, the UP3 demonstrated excellent internal reliability, and strong convergent and predictive validity. Additionally, the UP3 predicted significant variance in suicidal ideation over and above documented correlates of suicidal ideation including general psychache, hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and low belongingness.Conclusions: The UP3 is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of unbearable psychache that may be well-suited for use in research protocols and clinical assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Instruments to measure pain must be cross-culturally adapted through rigorous processes, so they can provide equivalence of measure regardless of the context in which they are applied. The study aim was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale (MPES) for use in the United States. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation study entailed translation, back translation, and review by a committee, face and content validity and pilot testing with 90 participants with acute or chronic pain from United States. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Results: Some items of MPES was changed to maintain the highest level of similarity between the original scales in Portuguese and adapted to English. Conclusion: The Cronbach's alpha was high showed this scale has internal consistency and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Previous research from a sample of US secondary schools (n = 10 553) indicated that 67% of schools had access to an athletic trainer (AT; 35% full time [FT], 30% part time [PT], and 2% per diem). However, the population-based statistic in all secondary schools with athletic programs (n = approximately 20 000) is yet to be determined. Objective: To determine the level of AT services and employment status in US secondary schools with athletics by National Athletic Trainers' Association district. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Public and private secondary schools with athletics. Patients or Other Participants: Data from all 20 272 US public and private secondary schools were obtained. Main Outcome Measure(s): Data were collected from September 2015 to April 2018 by phone or e-mail communication with school administrators or ATs and by online surveys of secondary school ATs. Employment categories were school district, school district with teaching, medical or university facility, and independent contractor. Data are presented as total number and percentage of ATs. Descriptive statistics were calculated for FT, PT, and no AT services data for public, private, public þ private, and employment type by state and by National Athletic Trainers' Association district. Results: Of the 20 272 secondary schools, 66% (n = 13 473) had access to AT services, while 34% (n = 6799) had no access. Of those schools with AT services, 53% (n = 7119) received FT services, while 47% (n = 6354) received PT services. Public schools (n = 16 076) received 37%, 32%, and 31%, whereas private schools (n = 4196) received 27%, 28%, and 45%, for FT, PT, and no AT services, respectively. Most of the Athletic Training Locations and Services Survey participants (n = 6754, 57%) were employed by a medical or university facility, followed by a school district, school district with teaching, and independent contractor. Combined, 38% of AT employment was via the school district. Conclusions: The percentages of US schools with AT access and FT and PT services were similar to those noted in previous research. One-third of secondary schools had no access to AT services. The majority of AT employment was via medical or university facilities. These data depict the largest and most updated representation of AT services in secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine perceived playing behaviors and attitudes in American football players concerning a novel, overbuilt-style football helmet facemask. Methods: Thirty-four collegiate-aged current or former football players reported to a one-on-one session to complete an 11-item survey to gauge what effects there might be on their attitudes or behaviors during football. Results: Fifty percent of current or former football players agreed they would be more intimidated by an opposing player wearing an overbuilt facemask and 53% felt they would be more intimidating to opposing players. Nearly 40% reported that they would feel safer wearing the overbuilt facemask, despite no evidence that it affords enhanced protection. Conclusions: The preliminary data suggest player perceptions of overbuilt facemasks may negatively influence playing behavior. [[Athletic Training & Sports Health Care. 2019;11(6):273–279.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A limitation of adult day service (ADS) research is that there remains little understanding of how these community-based long-term care programs operate to benefit clients or family caregivers (i.e. the process of ADS use). The purpose of this study was to validate the 'ADS Process and Use Measures' (APUM) which were developed to assess such mechanisms. Method: Participant observation and semi-structured interviews in two ADS settings resulted in qualitative data to inform a conceptual model, subscales, and Likert-scale items. Three experts in ADS research reviewed the initial 129-item version of the APUM to establish content validity, and 27 family caregivers of current or prior ADS clients provided feedback on face validity of a subsequent 58-item version. Results: Principal components and confirmatory factor analyses on a sample of 269 family members of ADS clients recruited from 90 programs throughout the U.S. established a measure featuring 5 domains, 12 reliable subscales, and 49 items. Analysis of discriminant and convergent validity found that various subscales from four of the domains (Why ADS is Used, Events Prior to Use, Why ADS Does Not Work, and Pathways to Benefits) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with family caregiver distress and ADS client quality of life variables. Conclusion: The ADS Process and Use Measures effectively assess mechanisms of program benefit and could help to enhance the overall quality of these critical community-based long-term care options for older persons and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of parent-child interactions and family relationships has a powerful influence on children's development and well-being. The International Parenting Survey (IPS) is a brief, web-based survey developed to provide a cross-national, community-level, population snapshot of the experiences of parents related to raising children. The IPS was developed as a planning tool to assist policy makers and community agencies plan, implement, and evaluate parenting programs and as a tracking tool to evaluate parenting support programs in different countries. We report the preliminary psychometric properties of the IPS on various domains of measurement in an international sample of over 9,000 parents. Moderate to high reliabilities were obtained for all domains of measurement. High internal consistency reliabilities (α = .88-.97) were obtained for the domains of children's behavior and emotional maladjustment, for parental self-efficacy, parental distress and parental beliefs. Moderate levels of reliabilities (α = .52-.83) were obtained for domains of parental consistency, coercive parenting, positive encouragements, and parent-child relationships. Overall, the measure appears to have satisfactory reliability justifying further psychometric validation studies in population level studies of parenting. Examples of uses of the IPS are described and directions for future research and policy explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antidepressant drugs represent the mainstay of treatment for depression; however, nonadherence is a major problem. Attitudes are predictors of long-term adherence and drive medication use. The Attitudes Toward Medication–Depression (ATM-D) Inventory was developed and tested with 131 patients in primary care settings who reported a diagnosis of depression. Content validity was assessed by experts with a 94.4% agreement on item relevancy. Exploratory factor analysis showed three factors (course of medication treatment, identity, and control) that accounted for 57% of the total variance in the final 17-item scale. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (α = .76-.84) and test–retest reliability (α = .74-.83). Results support the construct validity and reliability of the instrument and revealed unique insights into patients’ cognitive representations of their antidepressants. This study supported that patients have cognitive representations related to depression and antidepressants that go beyond simple concerns about the effects of the medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few scales currently exist to assess the quality of interprofessional teamwork through team members’ perceptions of working together in mental health settings. Aims: The purpose of this study was to revise and validate an interprofessional scale to assess the quality of teamwork in inpatient psychiatric units and to use it multi-nationally. Methods: A literature review was undertaken to identify evaluative teamwork tools and develop an additional 12 items to ensure a broad global focus. Focus group discussions considered adaptation to different care systems using subjective judgements from 11 participants in a pre-test of items. Data quality, construct validity, reproducibility, and internal consistency were investigated in the survey using an international comparative design. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors with 21 items: ‘patient/community centred care’, ‘collaborative communication’, ‘interprofessional conflict’, ‘role clarification’, and ‘environment’. High overall internal consistency, reproducibility, adequate face validity, and reasonable construct validity were shown in the USA and Japan. Conclusions: The revised Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) is a valid measure to assess the quality of interprofessional teamwork in psychiatry and identifies the best strategies to improve team performance. Furthermore, the revised scale will generate more rigorous evidence for collaborative practice in psychiatry internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background and Purpose: Nurse educators might be unknowingly excluding learners secondary to teaching practices. Universal design for instruction (UDI) prepares and delivers accessible content and learning environments for diverse learners; however, it is not well known in nursing education. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Inclusive Teaching Strategies in Nursing Education (ITSinNE) 55-item instrument. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on a sample of 311 educators in prelicensure programs. Results: The ITSinNE scales had good to adequate estimates of reliability. The exogenous model fit the sample and model-implied covariance matrix; however, the endogenous model was not a good fit. Conclusions: Further instrument development is required. Measuring factors influencing nurse educators' willingness to adopt UDI will enable intervention research to enhance professional development fostering content and environmental access for all learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk-informed collaborative police-social service interventions are an emerging strategy intended to enhance offender accountability and victim-survivors' safety in intimate partner violence (IPV) cases. These interventions use risk assessment to determine appropriate interventions and enhance the police response for dangerous offenders by engaging in collaboration with social work advocates. Because little is known about the responsiveness of police officers to risk-informed collaborative interventions, this study examines police officer (N = 544) attitudes toward IPV risk assessment and collaboration with social workers. The majority of police officers did not believe a social worker would be helpful at the scene of an IPV incident. However, those who agreed that a social worker would be helpful were more likely to be knowledgeable about the dynamics of IPV. Officers who believed risk assessment was important were more likely to believe that the police response to IPV is necessary. Finally, officers' perceived knowledge about risk for homicide was not consistently associated with actual knowledge about IPV. These findings suggest a need for knowledgeable social workers to collaborate with police, particularly in high-risk cases, and to offer training for officers on risk factors for homicide, coercive control, and misperceptions about IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM), a disorder characterized by chronic widespread pain and tenderness, affects greater than five million individuals in the United States alone. Patients experience multiple symptoms in addition to pain, and among them, fatigue is one of the most bothersome and disabling. There is a growing body of literature suggesting that fatigue is a multidimensional concept. Currently, to our knowledge, no multidimensional Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) measure of FM-related fatigue meets Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements to support a product label claim. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative data previously gathered to inform the development of a comprehensive, multidimensional, PRO measure to assess FM-related fatigue in FM clinical trials.Methods: Existing qualitative and quantitative data from three previously conducted studies in patients with FM were reviewed to inform the initial development of a multidimensional PRO measure of FM-related fatigue: 1) a concept elicitation study involving in-depth, open-ended interviews with patients with FM in the United States (US) (N = 20), Germany (N = 10), and France (N = 10); 2) a cognitive debriefing and pilot study of a preliminary pool of 23 items (N = 20 US patients with FM); and 3) a methodology study that explored initial psychometrics of the item pool (N = 145 US patients with FM).Results: Five domains were identified that intend to capture the broad experience of FM-related fatigue reported in the qualitative research: the Global Fatigue Experience, Cognitive Fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Motivation, and Impact on Function. Seventeen of the original pool of 23 items were selected to best capture these five dimensions. These 17 items formed the basis of a newly developed multidimensional PRO measure to assess FM-related fatigue in clinical trials: the Multidimensional Daily Diary of Fatigue-Fibromyalgia-17 (MDF-Fibro-17).Conclusion: Qualitative analysis, and preliminary quantitative item level data, confirmed that FM-related fatigue is multidimensional and provided strong support for the content validity of the MDF-Fibro-17. The next stage was to quantitatively evaluate the measure to confirm the factor structure, psychometric properties, sensitivity to change, and meaningful change. This has been conducted and is being reported separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: A tool to measure the nurses' emotional response after an error in clinical practice and the potential impact emotion can have on disclosure is lacking. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Emotional Response and Disclosure of Errors in Clinical Practice instrument. Methods: The instrument was tested among 497 nurses with psychometric evaluation for validity, reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution which accounted for 55.4% of the total variance. Internal consistency results were Cronbach's alpha = .935 for the overall scale and each domain: concern = .907, anxiety = .888, and disbelief = .775. Conclusions: Use of this valid and reliable instrument in practice and education can assist with patient safety efforts. Further testing of the instrument is recommended among other health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary pattern analysis represents a departure from the traditional focus on single foods and nutrients and provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of the diet in chronic disease prevention and etiology. Dietary patterns of Canadians have not been evaluated comprehensively with the use of an updated a priori dietary quality index. Objectives: We aimed to update the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI) on the basis of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the revised index, and to examine whether closer adherence to this index is associated with a lower risk of obesity with or without an accompanying chronic disease. Design: Data from 11,748 participants (≥18 y of age) in the crosssectional Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 2.2 were used in weighted multivariate analyses. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between diet quality and obesity risk. Results: With the use of principal component analyses, the multidimensionality of the 2015 DGAI was confirmed, and its reliability was shown with a high Cronbach's α = 0.75. Moving from the first to the fourth (healthiest) quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, there was a trend toward decreased energy (2492 ± 26 compared with 2403 ± 22 kcal, respectively; ±SE) and nutrients of concern (e.g., sodium), whereas intakes of beneficial nutrients increased (P-trend < 0.05). In the age- and sex-adjusted model, a lack of adherence to the 2015 DGA recommendations increased the OR of being unhealthy obese from 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.99) in quartile 3 to 2.08 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.90) in quartile 2 to 2.31 (95% CI: 1.65, 3.23) in the first quartile of the 2015 DGAI score, compared with the fourth quartile (healthiest) (P-trend < 0.0001). The odds of being obese without a chronic disease (healthy obese) and having a chronic disease without being obese also increased in the lowest DGAI quartile compared with the highest DGAI quartile, albeit not as much as in the unhealthy obese group. Conclusion: The 2015 DGAI provides a valid and reliable measure of diet quality among Canadians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainty is a central characteristic of many aspects of cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Brashers’s (2001) uncertainty management theory details the multifaceted nature of uncertainty and describes situations in which uncertainty can both positively and negatively affect health outcomes. The current study extends theory on uncertainty management by developing four scale measures of uncertainty preferences in the context of cancer. Two national surveys were conducted to validate the scales and assess convergent and concurrent validity. Results support the factor structure of each measure and provide general support across multiple validity assessments. These scales can advance research on uncertainty and cancer communication by providing researchers with measures that address multiple aspects of uncertainty management. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Health care bullying is a pervasive, underestimated, and underreported problem that results in poor outcomes for staff, patients, and health care organizations. The most common form of health care bullying occurs between nurses. Nurse managers hold an important role in the prevention and elimination of frontline nurse-to-nurse bullying. An anonymous Web-based survey was conducted to uncover what behaviors nurse managers perceive as bullying and how they respond to bullying acts. Respondents who had witnessed or been victimized by bullying were more apt to identify bullying and those who had been victimized or supervised nurses for more than 20 years were more prone to act upon bullying behaviors. There was only a moderate correlation between the identification of and response to bullying behaviors. Finally, overt bullying elicited a stronger response for intervention than covert bullying. Although nurse managers are well positioned to prevent and eliminate nurse-to-nurse bullying, they may not recognize it and often lack the skills and support necessary to address it. Decreases in nurse-to-nurse bullying reduce health care costs, improve nurse and patient satisfaction, and enhance patient outcomes. Therefore, nurse managers at all levels need education and support to ensure proper identification of bullying and, furthermore, to prevent and eliminate the behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimTo evaluate the validity of the Stanford Brief Activity Survey (SBAS) and Exercise Vital Sign (EVS) questionnaire against accelerometer-determined time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among African-American (AA) women.BackgroundLimited research has evaluated the validity of brief physical activity (PA) questionnaires among AA women. Since the validity of PA questionnaires may differ among members of varying racial/ethnic groups, research is needed to explore the validity of self-report PA measures among AA women.MethodsA total of 30 AA women [M age=35.5±5.3; M body mass index (BMI)=31.1±7.8] wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (ActiGraph, LLC, Pensacola FL, USA) for seven days and completed both the SBAS and EVS at two different assessment periods (T1 and T2). Criterion validity was calculated using Spearman’s rank order correlations between each questionnaire score and accelerometer-measured MVPA. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using accelerometer-measured MVPA as the criterion to determine the ability of each questionnaire to predict whether or not a participant was meeting the 2008 US PA Guidelines.FindingsSpearman correlation coefficients between questionnaire scores and minutes of accelerometer-measured MVPA were low (EVS, r=0.27 at T1 and r=0.26 at T2; SBAS, r=0.10 at T1 and r=0.28 at T2) and not statistically significant (P’s>0.05). The EVS had sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 27, 89, 59, and 68% at T1 and 33, 74, 38, and 70% at T2, respectively. The SBAS had sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 18, 79, 33, and 62% at T1 and 67, 58, 43, and 79% at T2. While both questionnaires may be useful in identifying AA women who do not meet the 2008 PA Guidelines, using the questionnaires to identify AA women meeting the PA Guidelines should be done with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article reports on a 2-phase study to revise the Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI; Cervantes, Padilla, & Salgado de Snyder, 1991). The necessity for a revised stress-assessment instrument was determined by demographic and political shifts affecting Latin American immigrants and later-generation Hispanics in the United States in the 2 decades since the development of the HSI. The data for the revision of the HSI (termed the HSI2) was collected at 4 sites: Los Angeles, El Paso, Miami, and Boston, and included 941 immigrants and 575 U.S.-born Hispanics and a diverse population of Hispanic subgroups. The immigrant version of the HSI2 includes 10 stress subscales, whereas the U.S.-born version includes 6 stress subscales. Both versions of the HSI2 are shown to possess satisfactory Cronbach's alpha reliabilities and demonstrate expert-based content validity, as well as concurrent validity when correlated with subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1993) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001). The new HSI2 instruments are recommended for use by clinicians and researchers interested in assessing psychosocial stress among diverse Hispanic populations of various ethnic subgroups, age groups, and geographic location. (PsycINFO Database Record [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a survey of all entry level physical therapy programs in the U.S., conducted to collect faculty input on women's health content in entry-level physical therapy curricula.

Background: Childhood acquired brain injuries can disrupt communication functions needed for success in school, work and social interaction. Cognitive-communication difficulties may not be apparent until adolescence, when academic, environmental and social-emotional demands increase. Objective: The Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies for Students (S-FAVRES) is a new activity-level measure of cognitive-communication skills in complex, contextual and integrative tasks that simulate real world communication challenges. It is hypothesized that S-FAVRES performance would differentiate adolescents with and without acquired brain injury (ABI) on scores for Accuracy, Rationale, Reasoning Subskills and Time. Methods: S-FAVRES was administered to 182 typically-developing (TD) and 57 adolescents with mild-to-severe ABI aged 12–19. Group differences, internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, reliability and contributing factors to performance (age, gender, brain injury) were examined statistically. Results: Those with ABI attained statistically lower Accuracy, Rationale and Reasoning sub-skills scores than their TD peers. Time scores were not significantly different. Performance trends were consistent across tasks, administrations, gender and age groups. Inter-rater reliability for scoring was acceptable. Conclusion: The S-FAVRES provides a reliable, functional and quantifiable measure of subtle cognitive-communication difficulties in adolescents that can assist speech-language pathologists in planning treatment and integration to school and real world communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThere are a number of screening tools to predict return to the emergency department (ED) in elderly trauma patients, but none exist to specifically screen for functional decline after a minor injury. The objective of this study was to identify outcome measures for a possible future clinical decision rule to be used in the ED to identify previously independent patients at high risk of functional decline at six months post minor injury.MethodsAfter a rigorous development process, a survey instrument was administered to a random sample of 178 emergency physicians using the Dillman’s Tailored Design Method.ResultsOf 156 eligible surveys, we received 81 completed surveys (response rate 51.9%). Considering all 14 activities of daily living (ADL) items, 90% of physicians deemed a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in function to be at least three points on the 28-point Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) ADL Scale as clinically significant. A tool with a sensitivity of 93% to detect patients at risk of functional decline at six months post injury would meet or exceed the sensitivity deemed to be required by 90% of physicians. The majority of emergency physicians do not assess elderly injured patients for the majority of the tasks.ConclusionsA drop of three points on the 28-point OARS ADL Scale would be deemed clinically important by the vast majority of emergency physicians. Further, a sensitivity of 93% for a clinical decision tool would satisfy the MCID requirements of the vast majority of emergency physicians. There appears to be a gap between physician knowledge and actual practice. We intend to use these findings in the development of a clinical decision rule to identify high-risk elderly trauma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Advance care planning is critical for persons with chronic kidney disease because they face a shortened lifespan. There is a paucity of reliable and valid measures exploring nephrology nurse perceptions toward advance care planning. This article reports the results of testing the factor structure, reliability, and validity of a newly developed measure of nephrology nurse perceptions toward advance care planning as well as information on nephrology nurses' perceptions on advance care planning. Measuring nephrology nurse perceptions toward advance care planning may facilitate planning of interventions to assist nurses to become more active in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survey data were collected from 143 consenting Haitian-American men to 1) examine if perceived susceptibility to prostate cancer was congruent with the objectively measured disease risk, 2) test the relationship of perceived susceptibility and fear, and 3) examine these constructs for their predictive relationships to screening behavior. Perceived susceptibility was highly correlated (p < 0.05) to fear and screening behavior. Perception of risk was much lower than actual risk. Fear was not predictive of either ever having been screened (p = 0.81) or planning to be screened (p = 0.85). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]