1. Short-term memory of danger signals or environmental stimuli in mesenchymal stem cells: implications for therapeutic potential
- Author
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Guo-hu Di, Guangyang Liu, Ying Lu, Yang Liu, Chu-Tse Wu, Ya-Ru Qin, Yong-Hong Lei, Hu-Xian Liu, Hai-Feng Duan, Yan-qi Li, and Xian-Wen Hu
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Stromal cell ,Cellular differentiation ,Immunology ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Stimulation ,Biology ,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Surgical Flaps ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Immunophenotyping ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Interleukin 8 ,Rats, Wistar ,Cell Shape ,Chemokine CCL2 ,Cell Proliferation ,Tissue Survival ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Interleukin-8 ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Cell Differentiation ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,DNA Methylation ,Cell biology ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Adipose Tissue ,5-Methylcytosine ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Cytokine secretion ,Immunologic Memory ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) possess some characteristics of immune cells, including a pro-inflammatory phenotype, an immunosuppressive phenotype, antibacterial properties and the expression of Toll-like receptor proteins. Here we show that, similar to immune cells, MSCs retain information from danger signals or environmental stimuli for a period of time. When treated with the pro-inflammatory factors lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MSCs display increased expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. Following re-plating and several rounds of cell division in the absence of stimulating factors, the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 remained higher than in untreated cells for over 7 days. A spike in cytokine secretion occurred when cells were exposed to a second round of stimulation. We primed MSCs with LPS and LPS-primed MSCs had better therapeutic efficacy at promoting skin flap survival in a diabetic rat model than did unprimed MSCs. Finally, we found that several microRNAs, including miR146a, miR150 and miR155, along with the modification of DNA by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), mediate the MSC response to LPS and TNF-α stimulation. Collectively, our data suggest that MSCs have a short-term memory of environmental signals, which may impact their therapeutic potential.
- Published
- 2015