13,554 results on '"PREVENTION"'
Search Results
2. Child Maltreatment-Focused Intervention Research: A Systematic Literature Review
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Rashida Banerjee, Sara Movahedazarhouligh, and Ekta Ghosh
- Abstract
Child maltreatment is a significant public health concern that affects children's health and well-being throughout their life. Children who are maltreated are at an increased risk of developing a disability or delay and are more vulnerable to a range of mental health-related problems, including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, criminality, and other forms of poorly regulated emotional behavior. Children with disabilities are also at a higher risk for maltreatment, and their needs often go unmet. This systematic literature review aimed to identify, analyze, and summarize the preventive programs and intervention practices between 2009 and 2021, addressing maltreatment in children from birth through 8 years of age. The initial search identified 616 peer-reviewed articles on the topic. Seventeen intervention studies met inclusion criteria and were reviewed and coded using systematic procedures. The findings suggest that home visiting and parent education are the most highly investigated educational intervention programs, with parents and caregivers as the primary recipients of the interventions. Studies of maltreatment interventions in children with disabilities are limited, with inadequate methodological rigor. We recommend future robust and wide-ranging investigations to prevent and mitigate the effects of maltreatment of children, particularly children with disabilities, and replications of studies that show promise.
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- 2024
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3. Expanding Implementation Research to Prevent Chronic Diseases in Community Settings.
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Mazzucca S, Arredondo EM, Hoelscher DM, Haire-Joshu D, Tabak RG, Kumanyika SK, and Brownson RC
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- Humans, Chronic Disease prevention & control, Community Health Services organization & administration, Implementation Science, Research organization & administration
- Abstract
Chronic disease prevention continues to be inadequate, overall and in achieving health equity, in spite of the many evidence-based practices and policies (EBPPs) available to address risk behaviors such as unhealthful eating, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use. Although clinical settings are needed for EBPPs that involve medical procedures such as immunization or early detection, dissemination of EBPPs can be effective in a variety of settings such as schools and childcare centers, worksites, social service organizations, and religious organizations. More implementation research is needed to meet challenges of effective application of EBPPs in such community settings, in which primary missions, capacity, cultures, and values do not focus on health services delivery. To address health equity, consideration of social and economic contexts of people reached in these settings is essential. This review presents lessons learned from past studies to guide future implementation research and practice across diverse settings and geographies.
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- 2021
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4. The future of colorectal cancer research: an interview with Hans Schmoll.
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Schmoll HJ
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- Clinical Trials as Topic, Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology, Early Detection of Cancer, Humans, Precision Medicine, Research Design, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, Colorectal Neoplasms etiology, Colorectal Neoplasms therapy, Medical Oncology methods, Medical Oncology trends, Research trends
- Abstract
Hans Schmoll speaks to Rachel Jenkins, Managing Commissioning Editor. Over four decades of professional activity, Hans has become one of the most highly esteemed and influential medical oncologists in Germany. As Editor of the German standard reference book for medical and multidisciplinary oncology (6000 pages) [1], he has defined treatment standards and education in medical oncology in the German speaking countries. His work as a research scientist has covered numerous fields in medical oncology, in particular, genitourinary and gastrointestinal cancers, where he has defined worldwide standards for the management of germ-cell cancer and early and late stages of colon cancer. Within the European Society of Medical Oncology, he served on the Executive Board as founding chair of the Multidisciplinary Oncology Committee and as scientific chair of the Istanbul European Society of Medical Oncology Congress 2006.
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- 2020
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5. Strengthening national nutrition research: rationale and options for a new coordinated federal research effort and authority.
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Fleischhacker SE, Woteki CE, Coates PM, Hubbard VS, Flaherty GE, Glickman DR, Harkin TR, Kessler D, Li WW, Loscalzo J, Parekh A, Rowe S, Stover PJ, Tagtow A, Yun AJ, and Mozaffarian D
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- COVID-19, Cost of Illness, Health Care Costs, Healthcare Disparities economics, Humans, Military Personnel, National Institutes of Health (U.S.) economics, Nutrition Disorders economics, Nutrition Disorders epidemiology, Pandemics, United States epidemiology, United States Department of Agriculture economics, United States Dept. of Health and Human Services economics, Coronavirus Infections complications, Nutrition Disorders complications, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Research standards
- Abstract
Background: The US faces remarkable food and nutrition challenges. A new federal effort to strengthen and coordinate nutrition research could rapidly generate the evidence base needed to address these multiple national challenges. However, the relevant characteristics of such an effort have been uncertain., Objectives: Our aim was to provide an objective, informative summary of 1) the mounting diet-related health burdens facing our nation and corresponding economic, health equity, national security, and sustainability implications; 2) the current federal nutrition research landscape and existing mechanisms for its coordination; 3) the opportunities for and potential impact of new fundamental, clinical, public health, food and agricultural, and translational scientific discoveries; and 4) the various options for further strengthening and coordinating federal nutrition research, including corresponding advantages, disadvantages, and potential executive and legislative considerations., Methods: We reviewed government and other published documents on federal nutrition research; held various discussions with expert groups, advocacy organizations, and scientific societies; and held in-person or phone meetings with >50 federal staff in executive and legislative roles, as well as with a variety of other stakeholders in academic, industry, and nongovernment organizations., Results: Stark national nutrition challenges were identified. More Americans are sick than are healthy, largely from rising diet-related illnesses. These conditions create tremendous strains on productivity, health care costs, health disparities, government budgets, US economic competitiveness, and military readiness. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has further laid bare these strains, including food insecurity, major diet-related comorbidities for poor outcomes from COVID-19 such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, and insufficient surveillance on and coordination of our food system. More than 10 federal departments and agencies currently invest in critical nutrition research, yet with relatively flat investments over several decades. Coordination also remains suboptimal, documented by multiple governmental reports over 50 years. Greater harmonization and expansion of federal investment in nutrition science, not a silo-ing or rearrangement of existing investments, has tremendous potential to generate new discoveries to improve and sustain the health of all Americans. Two identified key strategies to achieve this were as follows: 1) a new authority for robust cross-governmental coordination of nutrition research and other nutrition-related policy and 2) strengthened authority, investment, and coordination for nutrition research within the NIH. These strategies were found to be complementary, together catalyzing important new science, partnerships, coordination, and returns on investment. Additional complementary actions to accelerate federal nutrition research were identified at the USDA., Conclusions: The need and opportunities for strengthened federal nutrition research are clear, with specific identified options to help create the new leadership, strategic planning, coordination, and investment the nation requires to address the multiple nutrition-related challenges and grasp the opportunities before us., (Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020.)
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- 2020
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6. Advancing Theory, Methods, and Dissemination in Sexual Violence Research to Build a More Equitable Future: An Intersectional, Community-Engaged Approach.
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McCauley HL, Campbell R, Buchanan NT, and Moylan CA
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- Humans, Research standards, Social Justice, Survivors psychology, Women's Rights standards, Women's Rights trends, Research trends, Sex Offenses trends
- Abstract
Sexual violence is a devastating trauma with long-lasting effects on survivors' health and well-being. Despite the substantial impacts of the last 25 years of research, the prevalence of sexual violence has remained stable. It will be necessary to reconceptualize our work, challenging our theories, methods, and strategies for dissemination and implementation moving forward. We outline an intersectional, community-engaged approach for sexual violence research to center the stories of survivors who face systemic oppression and inequity. Finally, we suggest applications of this approach for justice, healing, and prevention to inform our collective work to end sexual violence.
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- 2019
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7. Current challenges in population health intervention research.
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Cambon L and Alla F
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- Humans, Health Promotion methods, Population Health, Research
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Population health interventions (PHIs) are generally complex; their results depend on their interaction with the context of their implementation. Moreover, the distinction between intervention and context is arbitrary: we need rather to consider an 'interventional system', including both interventional and contextual components. Evaluation must go beyond effectiveness and must include two key research questions: a viability analysis, to verify that the intervention can be routinised in a real-life context; and a theory-based evaluation, to analyse mechanisms and to understand what produces effects among components and their interactions with each other and with the context. PHI research is a question not only of the object but also of perspectives. This means doing research differently, making use of interdisciplinarity and involving stakeholders. Such an approach may contribute to the development, transfer, implementation and scaling-up of innovative interventions., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2019
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8. Childhood obesity prevention: priority areas for future research and barriers and facilitators to knowledge translation, coproduced using the nominal group technique.
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Hennessy M, Byrne M, Laws R, Mc Sharry J, O'Malley G, and Heary C
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- Administrative Personnel organization & administration, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Consensus, Exercise psychology, General Practitioners organization & administration, Humans, Implementation Science, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Knowledge Management, Public Health trends, Research Personnel organization & administration, Pediatric Obesity prevention & control, Public Health statistics & numerical data, Research legislation & jurisprudence, Translational Research, Biomedical methods
- Abstract
Childhood obesity is a significant public health challenge, yet research priorities for childhood obesity prevention are not established. Coproduction of priorities leads to research which may be more translatable to the domains of policy and practice. The aim of the present study was to identify knowledge gaps and research priorities in addition to facilitators and barriers to knowledge translation in childhood obesity prevention. The nominal group technique involving consensus building with researchers, policymakers, and practitioners was employed during workshops at a national obesity conference held over 2 days in May 2017. Seventy-seven people participated in the first round of research prioritization on Day 1, while 14 stakeholders participated on Day 2. The top five research priorities identified were as follows: (i) Evaluate (including economic evaluation) current programs to inform practice and policy; (ii) How to change culture toward addressing the determinants of health; (iii) Implementation science: process; (iv) How to integrate obesity prevention into existing service structures; (v) How to enhance opportunities for habitual physical activity, including free play and active travel. Key themes emerging from this research prioritization exercise were the importance of funding and resources, coproduction of research, and a focus on both implementation research and social determinants within the field of childhood obesity prevention. The coproduced research priorities may help to shape the research agendas of funders and researchers, and aid in the conduct of policy-relevant research and the translation of research into practice in childhood obesity prevention., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2018. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2019
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9. Challenges for clinical practice and research in family medicine in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Notes on the EGPRN Spring Conference 2017 in Riga.
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Silina V and Kalda R
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- Comorbidity, Early Diagnosis, Humans, Neoplasms diagnosis, Chronic Disease prevention & control, Congresses as Topic, Family Practice, Research, Risk Reduction Behavior
- Abstract
Chronic diseases in most cases belong to the category of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are the main cause of mortality globally. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer are the four NCDs responsible for 82% of NCD deaths. Prevention of NCDs implies health promotion activities that encourage healthy lifestyle and limit the initial onset of chronic diseases. Prevention also includes early detection activities, such as screening at-risk populations, as well as strategies for appropriate management of existing diseases and related complications. Early intervention, reducing morbidity and mortality rates could be an appealing idea for patients, physicians and governmental institutions but could also cause harm. Healthcare is undergoing profound changes, and the role of technology in diagnostics and management of chronic diseases in primary healthcare (PHC) is increasing remarkably. However, studies show that the standards of care for chronic diseases and preventive care are met by less than 50%. We still lack clear standards for patients with multiple chronic diseases. The applicability of a single evidence-based guideline to multimorbid patients is limited and can be problematic. Well-designed PHC studies focusing on the impact of medical interventions on morbidity, mortality and quality of life in the fields of early diagnosis, early treatment and multimorbidity are still needed.
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- 2018
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10. Exploratory studies to inform full-scale evaluations of complex public health interventions: the need for guidance.
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Moore L, Hallingberg B, Wight D, Turley R, Segrott J, Craig P, Robling M, Murphy S, Simpson SA, and Moore G
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- Health Promotion, Program Evaluation standards, Public Health, Research
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
- Published
- 2018
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11. The Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium: A Transdisciplinary Approach Toward Promoting Bladder Health and Preventing Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women Across the Life Course.
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Harlow BL, Bavendam TG, Palmer MH, Brubaker L, Burgio KL, Lukacz ES, Miller JM, Mueller ER, Newman DK, Rickey LM, Sutcliffe S, and Simons-Morton D
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- Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Prevalence, Quality of Life, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms epidemiology, Research, Urinary Bladder physiopathology, Women's Health
- Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent in women, and are expected to impose a growing burden to individuals and society as the population ages. The predominance of research related to LUTS has focused on underlying pathology, disease mechanisms, or the efficacy of treatments for women with LUTS. Although this research has been vital for helping to reduce or ameliorate LUTS conditions, it has done little to prevent the onset of LUTS. Health promotion and prevention require an expansion of scientific inquiry beyond the traditional paradigm of studying disease mechanisms and treatment to the creation of an evidence base to support recommendations for bladder health promotion and, in turn, prevention of LUTS. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) introduced the concept of prevention as an important priority for women's urologic research as a prelude to supporting the formation of the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) research consortium. In this article, we introduce the PLUS research consortium to the scientific community; share the innovative paradigms by which the consortium operates; and describe its unique research mission: to identify factors that promote bladder health across the life course and prevent the onset of LUTS in girls and women.
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- 2018
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12. Minors' and Young Adults' Experiences of the Research Consent Process in a Phase II Safety Study of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV.
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Knopf AS, Ott MA, Liu N, Kapogiannis BG, Zimet GD, Fortenberry JD, and Hosek SG
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- Adolescent, Decision Making, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, United States, Young Adult, HIV Infections prevention & control, Informed Consent ethics, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis methods, Research, Sexual and Gender Minorities psychology
- Abstract
Purpose: There is a persistent HIV epidemic among sexual and gender minority adolescents in the U.S. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an efficacious prevention strategy, but not yet approved for minors. Minors' access to biomedical HIV prevention technologies is impeded by the ethical and legal complexities of consent to research participation. We explore autonomous consent and study experiences among minor and adult participants in Project PrEPare, a Phase II safety study of PrEP for HIV prevention., Methods: Data for this mixed-methods descriptive study were collected via self-administered web-survey and in-depth telephone interviews in early 2016. Eligible participants were previously enrolled in Project PrEPare. We attempted to contact 191 participants; 74 were reached and expressed interest in participating and 58 enrolled., Results: Participants nearly universally felt well informed, understood the study, and freely volunteered with the clear understanding they could withdraw any time. All felt supported by study staff, but a small minority wished for more support during enrollment. Minors were more likely than adults to indicate a wish for more support in decision-making, and adults expressed higher satisfaction with their decision compared to minors. There was no association between elements of consent and Project PrEPare study outcomes., Conclusions: Participants had an overwhelmingly positive experience in a Phase II safety study of PrEP for HIV prevention. Some minors wished for more support during the decision-making process, but none consulted their parents about the decision. Our results support the inclusion of decisional supports in consent processes for adolescents, while also protecting their privacy., (Copyright © 2017 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2017
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13. State of Art in Tax Evasion Research: A Bibliometric Review
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Ala'a Zuhair Mansour, Aidi Ahmi, Abbas Saad Hamada Alkhuzaie, Mohammad Abedalrahman Alhmood, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson Popoola, and Marwan Altarawneh
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This study presents an extensive bibliometric review of research publications on tax evasion using the Scopus database. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel, Open Refine, Harzing's Publish or Perish, and VOSviewer. Since 1998, there has been a continuous growth in the number of research papers published on tax evasion. The United States emerged as the most productive country in terms of published tax evasion studies. Specifically, Florida International University ranked first as the most active institution in publishing important articles related to tax evasion research. The Journal of Public Economics stands out as the most renowned journal in this field. However, it should be noted that this research relies on the Scopus database, which may have certain limitations that can influence the results. Moreover, this study acknowledges the crucial role of education in comprehending and combating tax evasion. It highlights the significance of educational institutions, such as Florida International University, in generating valuable research on tax evasion. By promoting education and raising awareness about the intricate nature of tax evasion, scholars and practitioners can make well-informed decisions and formulate effective strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, this study represents the first extensive bibliometric analysis that offers a comprehensive overview of tax evasion research while recognising education's vital role in tackling this issue.
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- 2023
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14. A Scoping Review of Clusters of Multiple Long-Term Conditions in People with Intellectual Disabilities and Factors Impacting on Outcomes for This Patient Group
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Mann, Claire, Jun, Gyuchan T., Tyrer, Freya, Kiani, Reza, Lewin, Gemma, and Gangadharan, Satheesh K.
- Abstract
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are vulnerable to multiple long-term conditions (MLTC). However, in the UK, there are no individual strategies tailored for them. This study synthesised evidence on prevalence of MLTC in people with ID alongside risk factors, outcomes and preventative strategies. The scoping review used the tool Abstrackr to search retrieved articles from three bibliographic databases. Of 933 articles initially screened and further identified, 20 papers met our inclusion criteria. Our findings revealed significant data on prevalence of MLTC in people with ID across the studies, but very limited data on clusters or patterns of co-occurrence in this population. The majority of papers explored risk factors and strategies for prevention of MLTC, but far fewer compared outcomes by MLTC. The identified gaps in the literature indicate the need for further research to identify clusters of MLTC and tailored prevention strategies to reduce poor outcomes in this population.
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- 2023
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15. Suicide Prevention in Correctional Settings: Current Standards and Recommendations for Research, Prevention, and Training.
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Cramer RJ, Wechsler HJ, Miller SL, and Yenne E
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- Humans, Prisoners, Risk Factors, Inservice Training, Prisons, Research, Suicide Prevention
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Inmates remain a vulnerable group at elevated risk for suicide, especially in light of stresses associated with incarceration. Despite the elevated risk for inmates, suicide prevention practices in corrections remain tenuous at best. The present article reviews literature on risk and protective factors for suicide among inmates as well as current recommended best practices. It then provides directions for suicide prevention provision, training, and research in correctional settings. These include adaptations for security staff of current empirically supported models of suicide risk training and intervention.
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- 2017
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16. Lifestyle intervention to prevent obesity during pregnancy: Implications and recommendations for research and implementation.
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Hill B, McPhie S, Moran LJ, Harrison P, Huang TT, Teede H, and Skouteris H
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- Adult, Body Mass Index, Female, Humans, Maternal Health trends, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Obesity prevention & control, Pregnancy Complications prevention & control, Research trends, Risk Reduction Behavior, Weight Gain
- Abstract
Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are significant contributors to the global obesity epidemic. However, isolated lifestyle interventions to address this in pregnancy appear to have only modest benefit and responses can be variable. This paper aims to address the question of why the success of lifestyle interventions to prevent excessive GWG is suboptimal and variable. We suggest that there are inherent barriers to lifestyle change within pregnancy as a life stage, including the short window available for habit formation; the choice for women not to prioritise their weight; competing demands including physiological, financial, relationship, and social situations; and lack of self-efficacy among healthcare professionals on this topic. In order to address this problem, we propose that just like all successful public health approaches seeking to change behaviour, individual lifestyle interventions must be provided in the context of a supportive environment that enables, incentivises and rewards healthy changes. Future research should focus on a systems approach that integrates the needs of individuals with the context within which they exist. Borrowing from the social marketing principle of 'audience segmentation', we also need to truly understand the needs of individuals to design appropriately tailored interventions. This approach should also be applied to the preconception period for comprehensive prevention approaches. Additionally, relevant policy needs to reflect the changing evidence-based climate. Interventions in the clinical setting need to be integrally linked to multipronged obesity prevention efforts in the community, so that healthy weight goals are reinforced throughout the system., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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17. European military mental health research: benefits of collaboration.
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Himmerich H, Willmund GD, Wesemann U, Jones N, and Fear NT
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- Awareness, Cooperative Behavior, Europe, Germany, Humans, International Cooperation, Mental Disorders prevention & control, Mental Disorders therapy, Resilience, Psychological, Social Stigma, United Kingdom, Mental Disorders psychology, Mental Health, Military Medicine, Military Personnel psychology, Research
- Abstract
Despite joint participation in international military operations, few collaborative military mental health research projects have been undertaken by European countries. From a common perspective of military mental health researchers from Germany and the UK, the lack of shared research might be related not only to the use of different languages but also the different ways in which the two militaries provide mental health and medical support to operations and differences in military institutions. One area that is suitable for military health research collaboration within UK and German forces is mental health and well-being among military personnel. This could include the study of resilience factors, the prevention of mental disorder, mental health awareness, stigma reduction and the treatment of mental disorder. Military mental health research topics, interests and the studies that have been conducted to date in the UK and Germany have considerable overlap and commonality of purpose. To undertake the investigation of the long-term consequences of operational deployment, the specific burdens placed on military families and to further the understanding of the role of factors such as biomarkers for use in military mental health research, it seems advisable to forge international research alliances across European nations, which would allow for researchers to draw transcultural and generalisable conclusions from their work. Such an enterprise is probably worthwhile given the shared research interests of Germany and the UK and the common perspectives on military mental health in particular., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.)
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- 2017
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18. Reconciling research and community priorities in participatory trials: application to Padres Informados/Jovenes Preparados.
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Allen ML, Garcia-Huidobro D, Bastian T, Hurtado GA, Linares R, and Svetaz MV
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- Adolescent, Child, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Minnesota, Parents education, Research Design, Smoking Prevention methods, Community-Based Participatory Research, Cooperative Behavior, Research
- Abstract
Background: Participatory research (PR) trials aim to achieve the dual, and at times competing, demands of producing an intervention and research process that address community perspectives and priorities, while establishing intervention effectiveness., Objective: To identify research and community priorities that must be reconciled in the areas of collaborative processes, study design and aim and study implementation quality in order to successfully conduct a participatory trial. We describe how this reconciliation was approached in the smoking prevention participatory trial Padres Informados/Jovenes Preparados (Informed Parents/Prepared Youth) and evaluate the success of our reconciled priorities., Methods: Data sources to evaluate success of the reconciliations included a survey of all partners regarding collaborative group processes, intervention participant recruitment and attendance and surveys of enrolled study participants assessing intervention outcomes., Results: While we successfully achieved our reconciled collaborative processes and implementation quality goals, we did not achieve our reconciled goals in study aim and design. Due in part to the randomized wait-list control group design chosen in the reconciliation process, we were not able to demonstrate overall efficacy of the intervention or offer timely services to families in need of support., Conclusion: Achieving the goals of participatory trials is challenging but may yield community and research benefits. Innovative research designs are needed to better support the complex goals of participatory trials., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2017
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19. Whose research agenda is it? Reconciling the views of researchers and sports stakeholders.
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Finch CF
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- Athletes, Athletic Injuries prevention & control, Humans, Sports, Research trends, Sports Medicine trends
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- 2017
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20. National Cancer Institute's leadership role in promoting State and Community Tobacco Control research.
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Ginexi EM and Vollinger RE Jr
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- Health Policy, Humans, Leadership, Marketing, Research economics, Research Support as Topic, Smoking economics, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Smoking Prevention economics, Tobacco Products economics, Tobacco Smoke Pollution prevention & control, United States, National Cancer Institute (U.S.) organization & administration, Research organization & administration, Smoking Prevention organization & administration
- Abstract
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has been at the vanguard of funding tobacco control research for decades with major efforts such as the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) in 1988 and the American Stop Smoking Intervention Study (ASSIST) in 1991, followed by the Tobacco Research Initiative for State and Community Interventions in 1999. Most recently, in 2011, the NCI launched the State and Community Tobacco Control (SCTC) Research Initiative to address gaps in secondhand smoke policies, tax and pricing policies, mass media countermeasures, community and social norms and tobacco marketing. The initiative supported large scale research projects and time-sensitive ancillary pilot studies in response to expressed needs of state and community partners. This special issue of Tobacco Control showcases exciting findings from the SCTC. In this introductory article, we provide a brief account of NCI's historical commitment to promoting research to inform tobacco control policy., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.)
- Published
- 2016
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21. State of the science on prevention of elder abuse and lessons learned from child abuse and domestic violence prevention: Toward a conceptual framework for research.
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Teresi JA, Burnes D, Skowron EA, Dutton MA, Mosqueda L, Lachs MS, and Pillemer K
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- Aged, Child, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Humans, Intimate Partner Violence, Risk Factors, Elder Abuse prevention & control, Research trends
- Abstract
The goal of this review is to discuss the state of the science in elder abuse prevention. Findings from evidence-based programs to reduce elder abuse are discussed, drawing from findings and insights from evidence-based programs for child maltreatment and domestic/intimate partner violence. A conceptual measurement model for the study of elder abuse is presented and linked to possible measures of risk factors and outcomes. Advances in neuroscience in child maltreatment and novel measurement strategies for outcome assessment are presented.
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- 2016
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22. Exploratory study of the implications of research on the use of smart connected devices for prevention: a scoping review.
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Petit A and Cambon L
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- Humans, Health Behavior, Mobile Applications, Primary Prevention methods, Research, Smartphone, Telemedicine methods
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Background: Smart devices and mobile applications are now an integral part of all aspects of everyday life. They are particularly numerous in the field of health, contributing to the movement called ehealth. What is the potential role of these devices as prevention supports? The purpose of this article is to provide an exploratory analysis of the use, efficacy and contribution to conventional prevention strategies., Methods: To address this issue, we conducted a scoping-review on the basis of 105 publications from the fields of medicine and human sciences., Results: Three dimensions of the use of smart devices in the field of health were identified: 1/a quantification tool allowing the users to measure their activities; 2/a tool of self-positioning in the community; 3/an interface between the medical world and the population, modifying the hierarchy of knowledge. However, few published studies have investigated the determinants of the efficacy of these devices and their impact on individual behaviours and professional health practices., Conclusion: Based on the hypothesis of possible integration of these devices in prevention policies, it would be interesting to investigate two research issues: how and under what psycho-socio-environmental conditions can smart devices contribute to the adoption of positive health behaviours? To what degree does the use of smart devices modify the health care professional-patient relationship? Finding answers to these questions could help to define the real place of these devices in prevention strategies by determining their complementarity with respect to other prevention strategies, and the conditions of their efficacy on behaviours and inequalities.
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- 2016
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23. Research funding for addressing tobacco-related disease: an analysis of UK investment between 2008 and 2012.
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Hall M, Bogdanovica I, and Britton J
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- Cause of Death, Charities, Financing, Government, Humans, Research economics, Risk Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Research trends, Research Support as Topic trends, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Smoking mortality, Tobacco Smoking prevention & control, Tobacco Use Disorder mortality, Tobacco Use Disorder prevention & control
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Introduction: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the UK. However, research spending on tobacco-related disease, and particularly smoking prevention, is thought to be low. We therefore aimed to assess the relation between tobacco-related research investment and disease burden from 2008 to 2012., Methods: We used the Health Research Classification System to classify UK government and charitable research funding by broad health category and then by tobacco prevention research and 18 WHO defined tobacco-related diseases. We used UK mortality figures to calculate disease-specific tobacco attributable deaths and then compared disease specific and tobacco prevention research investment with all cause and tobacco attributable mortality over the 5-year period and as annual averages., Results: 12 922 research grants were identified with a total value of £6.69bn, an annual average of £1.34bn. Annually an average of 110 000 people die from tobacco-related disease, approximately 20% of total deaths. £130m is invested in researching tobacco-related disease each year and £5m on tobacco prevention, 10.8% and 0.42% of total annual research funding, respectively. Prevention research equated to an annual average of £46 per tobacco attributable death or one pound for every £29 spent on tobacco-related disease. Funding varied widely for diseases with different numbers of deaths (eg, lung cancer £68 per all cause death, cervical cancer £2500), similar numbers of deaths (leukaemia £983 per death, stomach cancer £43) or similar numbers of tobacco attributable deaths (eg, colorectal cancer £5k, pancreatic cancer £670, bladder cancer £340)., Conclusions: Tobacco-related research funding is not related to burden of disease or level of risk. As a result certain diseases receive a disproportionately low level of research funding and disease prevention funding is even lower., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/)
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- 2016
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24. Future Research Directions in Asthma. An NHLBI Working Group Report.
- Author
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Levy BD, Noel PJ, Freemer MM, Cloutier MM, Georas SN, Jarjour NN, Ober C, Woodruff PG, Barnes KC, Bender BG, Camargo CA Jr, Chupp GL, Denlinger LC, Fahy JV, Fitzpatrick AM, Fuhlbrigge A, Gaston BM, Hartert TV, Kolls JK, Lynch SV, Moore WC, Morgan WJ, Nadeau KC, Ownby DR, Solway J, Szefler SJ, Wenzel SE, Wright RJ, Smith RA, and Erzurum SC
- Subjects
- Asthma physiopathology, Education, Humans, United States, Asthma therapy, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), Research
- Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic disease without cure. Our understanding of asthma onset, pathobiology, classification, and management has evolved substantially over the past decade; however, significant asthma-related morbidity and excess healthcare use and costs persist. To address this important clinical condition, the NHLBI convened a group of extramural investigators for an Asthma Research Strategic Planning workshop on September 18-19, 2014, to accelerate discoveries and their translation to patients. The workshop focused on (1) in utero and early-life origins of asthma, (2) the use of phenotypes and endotypes to classify disease, (3) defining disease modification, (4) disease management, and (5) implementation research. This report summarizes the workshop and produces recommendations to guide future research in asthma.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. 2018 Summary of Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Author
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH), Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC)
- Abstract
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases a list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The "2018 Summary of Advances" provides short, plain language summaries of the top research breakthroughs selected by the IACC from a pool of research articles nominated by the members. The 20 studies selected for 2018 have provided new insight into potential screening tools for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the development of brain regions implicated in ASD symptomatology, and the prevalence of ASD in children. The advances also include studies that analyzed the degree of inclusion of children severely affected by autism in treatment studies, the effect of insurance ASD mandates on health service use, and the manifestation of ASD symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Several of the selected studies compared the genetic variations that contribute to ASD and other psychiatric disorders; studies such as these will help elucidate shared mechanisms underlying these disorders. Articles in the "2018 IACC Summary of Advances" are grouped according to the topics represented by the seven questions of the "2016-2017 IACC Strategic Plan for ASD": (1) How Can I Recognize the Signs of ASD, and Why Is Early Detection so Important?; (2) What Is the Biology Underlying ASD?; (3) What Causes ASD, and Can Disabling Aspects of ASD Be Prevented or Preempted?; (4) Which Treatments and Interventions Will Help?; (5) What Kinds of Services and Supports Are Needed to Maximize Quality of Life for People on the Autism Spectrum?; (6) How Can We Meet the Needs of People with ASD as They Progress into and through Adulthood?; and (7) How Do We Continue to Build, Expand, and Enhance the Infrastructure System to Meet the Needs of the ASD Community? Citations for the articles selected for the "Summary of Advances," as well as a complete listing of those nominated, are included at the end of the document.
- Published
- 2019
26. The Role of Nursing in the School Setting to Lead Efforts to Impact Child Trafficking: An Integrative Review
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Doiron, Megan L. and Peck, Jessica L.
- Abstract
Registered professional and advanced practice nurses in the school setting, as a specialized practice entity, are leaders in implementation of evidence-based practice, skilled coordinators of care, advocates for students, and experts in designing systems assisting individuals and communities to reach full potential. Child trafficking (CT) is an emerging public health threat impacting safety and well-being of students present in the school setting. This literature review identified four themes in five studies: (1) training impacts nurses' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes; (2) school nursing is underrepresented in training, education, prevention, response, and research; (3) lack of collaboration exists between school staff and school nurses; and (4) formal education and length of experience impact levels of interventions school nurses are able to provide. School nurses are opportunely situated to intervene as advocates for vulnerable children to develop a coordinated, effective response to CT risk factors, mitigating risk and fostering resiliency with systems-based change.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Proposal for the John Cade Fellowship.
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Christensen H
- Subjects
- Humans, Fellowships and Scholarships, Mental Disorders therapy, Research
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. 2017 Summary of Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Author
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH), Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC)
- Abstract
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases a list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The "2017 Summary of Advances" provides short, plain language summaries of the top research breakthroughs selected by the IACC from a pool of research articles nominated by the members. The 20 studies selected for 2017 have provided new insight into potential biomarkers to predict risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental trajectories of children with ASD, and the impact of various prenatal exposures on ASD risk. The advances also include studies that investigated treatments and interventions for both ASD and co-occurring conditions, the impact of policy changes on ASD health care spending, patterns of injury mortality, and prevalence differences across demographic groups. Articles in the "IACC Summary of Advances" are grouped according to the topics represented by the seven questions of the "2016-2017 IACC Strategic Plan for ASD": (1) How Can I Recognize the Signs of ASD, and Why Is Early Detection So Important? (2) What Is the Biology Underlying ASD? (3) What Causes ASD, and Can Disabling Aspects of ASD Be Prevented or Preempted? (4) Which Treatments and Interventions Will Help? (5) What Kinds of Services and Supports Are Needed to Maximize Quality of Life for People on the Autism Spectrum? (6) How Can We Meet the Needs of People with ASD as They Progress into and through Adulthood? and (7) How Do We Continue to Build, Expand, and Enhance the Infrastructure System to Meet the Needs of the ASD Community? Citations for the articles selected for the Summary of Advances, as well as a complete listing of those nominated, are included at the end of the document. [For the 2016 Summary, see ED589773.]
- Published
- 2018
29. 2016 Summary of Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH), Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC)
- Abstract
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases a list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The 20 studies selected have provided new insight into characteristics of high-risk siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), molecular changes underlying the biology of ASD, and risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. The advances also include studies that examined promising communication interventions, the effects of policy changes on ASD service delivery, health and employment outcomes for adults with ASD, and the latest data on ASD prevalence in the U.S. The "2016 Summary of Advances" provides short, plain language summaries of the top research breakthroughs selected by the IACC from a pool of research articles nominated by the members. Articles are grouped according to the topics represented by the questions of the "IACC Strategic Plan for ASD Research": (1) When Should I Be Concerned? (2) How Can I Understand What Is Happening? (3) What Caused This to Happen and Can It Be Prevented? (4) Which Treatments and Interventions Will Help? (5) Where Can I Turn for Services? (6) What Does the Future Hold, Particularly for Adults? and (7) What Other Infrastructure and Surveillance Needs Must Be Met? Citations for the articles selected for the "Summary of Advances," as well as a complete listing of those nominated, are included at the end of the document. [For the 2015 Summary, see ED589772.]
- Published
- 2017
30. 2015 Summary of Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Author
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH), Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC)
- Abstract
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases its annual list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The 20 studies selected have given new insight into the underlying biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and potential risk factors, examined the state of the science in early screening and diagnosis, and evaluated promising early intervention strategies. The advances also address health outcomes for children and adults with autism, and issues related to education, transition to adulthood, and employment. The "2015 Summary of Advances" provides short, plain language summaries of the top research breakthroughs selected by the IACC from a pool of research articles nominated by the members. Articles are grouped according to the topics represented by the questions of the "IACC Strategic Plan for ASD Research": (1) When Should I Be Concerned? (2) How Can I Understand What Is Happening? (3) What Caused This to Happen and Can It Be Prevented? (4) Which Treatments and Interventions Will Help? (5) Where Can I Turn for Services? (6) What Does the Future Hold, Particularly for Adults? and (7) What Other Infrastructure and Surveillance Needs Must Be Met? Citations for the articles selected for the "Summary of Advances," as well as a complete listing of those nominated, are included at the end of the document. [For the 2014 Summary, see ED589769.]
- Published
- 2016
31. 2014 Summary of Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH), Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC)
- Abstract
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases its annual list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The 20 studies selected have given new insight into the underlying biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and potential risk factors, tested approaches for improving early screening and diagnosis, and evaluated caregiver- and parent-mediated intervention strategies. The advances also examine the economic impacts of ASD, issues related to education and employment for adults with ASD, and ASD prevalence. The "2014 Summary of Advances" provides short, plain language summaries of the top research breakthroughs selected by the IACC from a pool of research articles nominated by the members. Articles are grouped according to the topics represented by the questions of the "IACC Strategic Plan for ASD Research": (1) When Should I Be Concerned? (2) How Can I Understand What Is Happening? (3) What Caused This to Happen and Can It Be Prevented? (4) Which Treatments and Interventions Will Help? (5) Where Can I Turn for Services? (6) What Does the Future Hold, Particularly for Adults? and (7) What Other Infrastructure and Surveillance Needs Must Be Met? Citations for the articles selected for the "Summary of Advances," as well as a complete listing of those nominated, are included at the end of the document. [For the 2013 Summary, see ED562024.]
- Published
- 2016
32. Criminal Justice-Involved Women Navigate COVID-19: Notes from the Field
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Ramaswamy, Megha, Hemberg, Jordana, Faust, Alexandra, Wickliffe, Joi, Comfort, Megan, Lorvick, Jennifer, and Cropsey, Karen
- Abstract
In March-April, 2020, we communicated with a cohort of criminal justice-involved (CJI) women to see how they were navigating COVID-19, chronic illness, homelessness, and shelter-in-place orders in Oakland, Birmingham, and Kansas City. We report on conversations with N = 35 women (out of the cohort of 474 women) and our own observations from ongoing criminal justice involvement studies. Women reported barriers to protecting themselves given widespread unstable housing and complex health needs, though many tried to follow COVID-19 prevention recommendations. Women expressed dissatisfaction with the suspension of research activities, as the pandemic contributed to a heightened need for study incentives, such as cash, emotional support, and other resources. COVID-19 is illuminating disparities between those who can follow recommended actions to prevent infection and those who lack resources to do so. Concerted efforts are required to reduce inequities that put the 1.3 million U.S. women under criminal justice supervision at risk for infection and mortality.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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33. 'People Give and Take a Lot in Order to Participate in Things:' Youth Talk Back -- Making a Case for Non-Participation
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Switzer, Sarah
- Abstract
Common typologies frame youth participation as something that exists at different hierarchical, or linear, levels or stages. In these models, non-participation is positioned as something negative or not addressed at all. Scholars have critiqued these typologies for ignoring contextual specificities and complexities, nuances, and power dynamics inherent in participatory processes. In this article, I draw from narratives of young people to productively theorize what non-participation might engender for thinking about and enacting participatory processes. In this study, I asked stakeholders at a youth-led HIV prevention and harm reduction peer-education program to take and discuss photographs that reflected their ideas about youth engagement. I provide a thematic analysis of how young people understood and navigated their participation in complex and self-determined ways. I put their narratives in dialogue with critical scholars' writing on settler-colonialism, neoliberalism, and willfulness to tease apart why and how young people's comments on non-participation offer a sophisticated counter-hegemonic understanding of the "call to participation" and its discursive and material effects. Last, drawing on the work of Indigenous theorists who advocate for a politics of refusal, I argue that young people's refusal to participate (or to participate on their own terms) may be an act of resistance -- especially for young people whose bodies are regulated on a daily basis. I conclude by making a case for non-participation as a conceptual tool to disrupt and refuse hegemonic, linear theories of change and invite practitioners working with young people to do the same.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. 2013 Summary of Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH), Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC)
- Abstract
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases its annual list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The 20 studies selected have given new insight into the complex causes of autism and potential risk factors, studied clues that could lead to earlier diagnosis, and evaluated promising early intervention strategies. The advances also address the prevalence of ASD both in the United States and internationally, as well as the service needs of people with ASD across the lifespan. The "2013 Summary of Advances" provides short, plain language synopses of the top research breakthroughs selected by the IACC from a pool of peer-reviewed articles nominated by the members. Articles are grouped according to the questions of the "IACC Strategic Plan for ASD Research." Citations for the articles selected for the "Summary of Advances," as well as a complete listing of those nominated, are included at the end of the document.
- Published
- 2014
35. The Center on Violence against Women and Children at Rutgers University
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Johnson, Laura, Postmus, Judy L., Khetarpal, Rupa, Schwartz, Rachel, Buttner, Catherine, and McMahon, Sarah
- Abstract
The mission of the Center on Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC) at the Rutgers University School of Social Work is to strive to eliminate physical, sexual, and other forms of violence against women and children and the power imbalances that permit them. This mission is accomplished through the use of a collaborative approach that focuses on interdisciplinary research, education, and community engagement that impact communities and policies in New Jersey, the United States, and throughout the world. This article describes VAWC's history, organizational structure, physical resources, and funding sources, along with a description of past, current, and ongoing projects. It concludes with an overview of future plans for the Center.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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36. Prevention of Bullying in Schools, Colleges, and Universities: Research Report and Recommendations
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American Educational Research Association (AERA) and American Educational Research Association (AERA)
- Abstract
The epicenter for bullying is schools, colleges, and universities, where vast numbers of children, youth, and young adults spend much of their time. Bullying--a form of harassment and violence--needs to be understood from a developmental, social, and educational perspective. The educational settings in which it occurs, and where prevention and intervention are possible, need to be studied and understood as potential contexts for positive change. Yet many administrators, teachers, and related personnel lack training to address bullying, and do not know how to intervene to reduce it. These circumstances drove the decision by the American Educational Research Association (AERA) to undertake this report with the intention of providing an overview of the knowledge that can be relied on, and to signal to those in policy and practice this association's commitment to working with knowledge users and producers in the prevention of bullying in schools, colleges, and universities. This report--a series of 11 briefs--addresses legislative, policy, and procedural matters with pragmatic and practical strategies for the prevention of bullying. The briefs in this report include: (1) Looking Beyond the Traditional Definition of Bullying (Dorothy L. Espelage and Ron Avi Astor); (2) Bullying as a Pervasive Problem (Dewey Cornell, Dorothy L. Espelage, Matthew J. Mayer, Brendesha Tynes, and Ron Avi Astor); (3) Bullying and Peer Victimization Among Vulnerable Populations (Dorothy L. Espelage and Brendesha Tynes); (4) Gender-Related Bullying and Harassment: A Growing Trend (Elizabeth J. Meyer and V. Paul Poteat); (5) Legal Rights Related to Bullying and Discriminatory Harassment (V. Paul Poteat and Elizabeth J. Meyer); (6) Improving School Climate: A Critical Tool in Combating Bullying (Dewey Cornell and Dorothy L. Espelage); (7) Students, Teachers, Support Staff, Administrators, and Parents Working Together to Prevent and Reduce Bullying (Ron Avi Astor and Matthew J. Mayer); (8) Bullying and Harassment on College Campuses: Misunderstood and Underaddressed (Jaime Lester and Elizabeth J. Meyer); (9) Using Evidence-Based Programs in Schools to Take on Bullying (Ron Avi Astor and Dewey Cornell); (10) Putting School Safety Education at the Core of Professional Preparation Programs (Jaime Lester and Matthew J. Mayer); and (11) Reinvigorated Data Collection and Analysis: A Charge for National and Federal Stakeholders (Matthew J. Mayer and V. Paul Poteat). Individual briefs contain references. Bibliographical sketches of AERA Task Force members are also included.
- Published
- 2013
37. Suicide and Its Prevention on College Campuses
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Keyes, Lee
- Abstract
Suicide is a significant issue facing higher education institutions. Many campuses are involved in a variety of procedures, programs, and initiatives that seek to reduce or prevent suicide and the impact of suicide-related behavior. This article offers examples of campus prevention efforts, important resources on suicide prevention for college campuses, and research on suicide prevention program efficacy.
- Published
- 2012
38. Reviewing the Literature on 'At-Risk' and Resilient Children and Young People
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Hanewald, Ria
- Abstract
This review paper provides pre-service and in-service teachers, principals and other educational professionals with the information needed to understand the concept of resilience to affect positive development in children and young people in their care. It reviews and critiques the most influential literature on resiliency over the last four decades and is structured in three parts. The first section deals with the definitions of risk and resilience and relevant terms (i.e. vulnerability, at-risk students, risk factors, protective factors) to clarify confusion and ambiguities of concepts. The second part outlines the development of the research on resilience using a historical perspective. It traces its origins in medicine and psychology into education and discusses the evolution of its body of work through four waves. The last part discusses approaches to promoting resilience.
- Published
- 2011
39. Sex Trafficking of Minors in the U.S.: Implications for Policy, Prevention and Research
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Kotrla, Kimberly and Wommack, Beth Ann
- Abstract
Context: Information currently available on the trafficking of minors in the U.S. for commercial sexual exploitation includes approximations of the numbers involved, risk factors that increase the likelihood of victimization and methods of recruitment and control. However, specific characteristics about this vulnerable population remain largely unknown. Objective: This article has two distinct purposes. The first is to provide the reader with an overview of available information on minor sex trafficking in the U.S. The second is to present findings and discuss policy, research, and educational implications from secondary data analysis of 115 cases of minor sex trafficking in the U.S. Design: Minor sex trafficking cases were identified through two main venues--a review of U.S. Department of Justice press releases of human trafficking cases and an online search of media reports. Searches covered the time period from October 28, 2000, which coincided with the passage of the VTVPA through October 31, 2009. Cases were included in analysis if the incident involved at least one victim under the age of 18, occurred in the U.S., and at least one perpetrator had been arrested, indicted, or convicted. Results: A total of 115 separate incidents involving at least 153 victims were located. These occurrences involved 215 perpetrators, with the majority of them having been convicted (n = 117, 53.4%), The number of victims involved in a single incident ranged from 1 to 9. Over 90% of victims were female who ranged in age from 5 to 17 years. There were more U.S. minor victims than those from other countries. Victims had been in captivity from less than 6 months to 5 years. Minors most commonly fell into exploitation through some type of false promise indicated (16.3%, n = 25), followed by kidnapping (9.8%, n = 15). Over a fifth of the sample (22.2%, n = 34) were abused through two commercial sex practices, with almost all (94.1%, n = 144) used in prostitution. One of every five victims (24.8%, n = 38) had been advertised on an Internet website. Conclusions: Results of a review of known information about minor sex trafficking and findings from analysis of 115 incidents of the sex trafficking of youth in the U.S. indicate a need for stronger legislation to educate various professional groups, more comprehensive services for victims, stricter laws for pimps and traffickers, and preventive educational interventions beginning at a young age.
- Published
- 2011
40. Putting Research into Practice in School Violence Prevention and Intervention: How Is School Counseling Doing?
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McAdams, Charles, Shillingford, M. Ann, and Trice-Black, Shannon
- Abstract
This article reports the findings of a national survey of practicing school counselors regarding their knowledge of current research in school violence prevention and intervention. The authors describe four active areas of youth violence research over the past two decades and present findings that suggest that a potentially dangerous gap may exist between research advances and their incorporation into the day-to-day practice of school counselors in the United States. Implications of the findings are considered along with strategies for bridging the research-to-practice gap as recommended by the school counselors themselves. (Contains 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2011
41. 2011 Strategic Plan for Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects an estimated 1% of children in the United States and yet many fundamental questions about the biology of ASD, potential risk factors, effective treatments and interventions, and impacts throughout life remain unanswered. Important advances have been made in understanding the complexity of ASD, but additional work is needed to fully understand how biological and external environmental factors contribute to ASD, identify the most effective interventions and services, and improve the quality of life for people with ASD and their families. The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) Strategic Plan for ASD Research was created with the intent to accelerate and inspire research that will profoundly improve the health and well-being of every person on the autism spectrum across the lifespan. The Plan provides a blueprint for autism research that is advisory to the Department of Health and Human Services and serves as a basis for partnerships with other agencies and private organizations involved in autism research and services. Under the Combating Autism Act of 2006, it must be updated on an annual basis. To this end, the 2011 Plan has been updated by the IACC to reflect important new scientific advances in the field over the past year, emerging areas of opportunity, and areas where more research is necessary. Input from the ASD community, advocacy groups, research funding organizations, and the scientific community has continued to be a critical aspect of the updating process. The 2011 Plan includes an additional 16 objectives and newly developed addendum sections for each chapter describing what has recently been learned, what gap areas have emerged, and what progress is being made in fulfilling the objectives. [For "2010 Strategic Plan for Autism Spectrum Disorder Research," see ED524616.]
- Published
- 2011
42. Catalyst. Volume 11, Number 2, Spring 2010
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Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention (ED) and Ryan, Barbara E.
- Abstract
"Catalyst" is a publication of the U.S. Department of Education's Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention. This issue contains the following articles: (1) Redefining Resources For Prevention; (2) Message From Kevin Jennings, OSDFS Assistant Deputy Secretary; (3) Environmental Management Strategies: Low-cost Prevention; (4) Going Grantless; (5) Students as a Resource for Prevention Research and Evaluation; and (6) Prevention on a Shoestring at Montana State University: A Q&A With Jenny Haubenreiser.
- Published
- 2010
43. 2010 Strategic Plan for Autism Spectrum Disorder Research. NIH Publication No. 10-7573
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US Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
- Abstract
In developing the 2010 Strategic Plan for ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) Research, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) updated the previous Plan to highlight the most pressing research needs and opportunities for the field today. The Plan, which must be annually updated in accordance with the Combating Autism Act (CAA) of 2006, provides a blueprint for autism research that is advisory to the Department of Health and Human Services and serves as a basis for partnerships with other agencies and private organizations involved in autism research and services. The Plan and its revisions were developed through extensive and iterative input from members of the public, academic, and advocacy communities. This 2010 Strategic Plan incorporates this array of input in two main sections. First, the foundation of the Plan--vision, mission, core values, and crosscutting themes--is described. The remainder of the Plan is organized around seven critical questions asked by people and families living with ASD. These questions are: (1) When should I be concerned?; (2) How can I understand what is happening?; (3) What caused this to happen and can this be prevented?; (4) Which treatments and interventions will help?; (5) Where can I turn for services?; (6) What does the future hold, particularly for adults?; and (7) What other infrastructure and surveillance needs must be met? Each question is followed by a brief discussion of what individuals currently know and need from research, an aspirational goal, research opportunities and objectives. This framework was chosen by the IACC to emphasize the need for consumer-focused research that addresses the most pressing questions of people and families living with ASD, and to link these questions to specific research efforts. [For "2009 Strategic Plan for Autism Spectrum Disorder Research," see ED509368.]
- Published
- 2010
44. Her Life Depends on It II: Sport, Physical Activity, and the Health and Well-Being of American Girls and Women
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Women's Sports Foundation, Staurowsky, Ellen J., Miller, Kathleen E., and Shakib, Sohaila
- Abstract
In 2004, the Women's Sports Foundation published the first edition of "Her Life Depends On It" (Don Sabo, Kathleen E. Miller, Merrill J. Melnick, and Leslie Heywood). At that time, it was clear that evidence-based research confirmed that regular physical activity and sport provides the critical foundation, in no small part, that allows girls and women to lead healthy, strong, and fulfilled lives. Now, five years later, "Her Life Depends On It II", provides an updated, and even more comprehensive, review of the existing research on the links between sports and physical activity and the health and well-being of American girls and women. This expanded review of existing research and health information is co-authored by a team of experts from several related disciplines, including epidemiology, exercise physiology, kinesiology, psychology, and sociology. Some key contributions of this new report include the following: (1) Research affirms, even more definitively than five years ago, that engagement in moderate and consistent levels of physical activity and sport for girls and women is essential to good health and well-being; (2) Although more research needs to be done, early studies examining the connections between physical activity and academic achievement show there is a positive relationship between the two in girls and women; (3) Females from lower economic backgrounds and females of color engage less in physical activity, have less access to sport and physical fitness programs, and suffer negative health consequences as a result; and (4) Emerging research in prevention and training practices show that gender-conscious approaches to physical training and conditioning for female athletes help to reduce the likelihood of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and concussions. [Funding for this paper was provided by Gatorade. For the executive summary, see ED515840.]
- Published
- 2009
45. Catalyst. Volume 11, Number 1, Summer 2009
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Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention (ED) and Ryan, Barbara E.
- Abstract
"Catalyst" is a publication of the U.S. Department of Education's Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention. This issue contains the following articles: (1) Campus and Community Coalitions--Getting Organized for Prevention; (2) Message From William Modzeleski, OSDFS Acting Assistant Deputy Secretary; (3) Organizing Models for Prevention--A Roundtable Discussion; (4) Exemplary, Effective, and Promising Programs at the 22nd National Meeting; (5) Q&A With Karen Pennington; (6) Organizing for Sexual Assault Prevention at Miami University; and (7) College Drinking New Research From the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's Rapid Response to College Drinking Problems Initiative. (Contains 6 resources.)
- Published
- 2009
46. Entering the Public Health Genomics Era: Why Must Health Educators Develop Genomic Competencies?
- Author
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Chen, Lei-Shih and Goodson, Patricia
- Abstract
Although the completion of the Human Genome Project will offer new insight into diseases and help develop efficient, personalized treatment or prevention programs, it will also raise new and non-trivial public health issues. Many of these issues fall under the professional purview of public health workers. As members of the public health workforce, health educators are being called upon to deal with genomic-related public health topics. Thus, we propose five arguments supporting the need for health educators to develop their genomic competencies and integrate public health genomics (PHG) into health promotion. These arguments highlight various dimensions of health educators' professional goals and range from professional responsibilities and competencies to the availability of funding for genomic-related research or interventions and opportunities for future employment. Alongside these arguments, we present key PHG terms to facilitate understanding and to establish a common set of meanings for readers. Moreover, we discuss the current efforts being made by the field of health education to integrate genomics into research and practice, as well as implications and next steps required to optimize this integration. (Contains 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2007
47. How Prevention Science Can Inform Service-Learning Research
- Author
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Aronson, Keith R.
- Abstract
Prevention science, like service learning, is a relatively young field. However, in a short period of time, prevention has made significant progress in its scientific maturation, while SL research has lagged behind. Prevention science has made rapid progress because of its recognition of a multistage research cycle, reliance on interdisciplinary work, and success in developing strong university-community partnerships. Given the prevailing climate for accountability in education, SL researchers will need to increase the scientific rigor of their work. SL researchers should become more familiar with how prevention scientists conduct research. By following the lead of our prevention science colleagues and, where possible, teaming with them as interdisciplinary colleagues, SL researchers may move the field forward more rapidly.
- Published
- 2006
48. The National Rural Alcohol and Drug Abuse Network Awards for Excellence 2004: Submitted and Award-Winning Papers. Technical Assistance Publication Series (TAP) 28
- Author
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Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (DHHS/PHS),Rockville, MD. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (DHHS/PHS),Rockville, MD. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
- Abstract
This TAP presents seven papers submitted to the 2004 National Rural Alcohol and Drug Abuse Network (NRADAN) Awards for Excellence. Each paper describes effective and innovative models of treatment and prevention services in rural populations. This publication seeks to promote and showcase research addressing the unique and special challenges of providing treatment services to individual in rural areas and their families. The first place paper, "Creating and Sustaining an Adult Drug Court: Avoiding Burial in Grant's Tomb," (Glade F. Roper and Dee S. Owens) describes the effectiveness of a self-funded drug court in Tulare County, California; lessons learned; and disadvantages and advantages of the self-funded approach. The second place paper, "Empower for Recovery: An Innovative Approach to Assist Sustained Recovery in Rural Iowa," (Deborah K. Rohlfs) describes the effectiveness of a strength-and homebased substance abuse treatment and recovery support program in rural Iowa, as well as the challenges, problems, and solutions related to program implementation. The third place paper, "Delivering a Maternal Substance Abuse Intervention Program along the Rural Route," (Trudee Ettlinger) describes the development and effectiveness of an indicated-level substance abuse prevention program for lower income mothers living in rural Vermont, as well as the lessons learned and recommendations for improving implementation. "Socio-Demographic Profiles and Treatment Outcomes of Methamphetamine Abusers in Rural and Urban Areas" (Kazi A. Ahmed, and Careema Yusuf), is the fourth paper, and compares methamphetamine abusers in rural and urban areas, specifically their socio-demographic characteristics, actual use behavior, and drug use and nondrug treatment outcomes. " An Environmental Scan of Faith-Based and Community Reentry Services in Johnson County, Iowa" (Janet C. Hartman, Stephan Arndt, Kristina Barber, and Thomas Wassink) is fifth in the series, and focuses on community corrections, substance abuse treatment providers and faith-based organizations supporting reentry clients. Sixth in this group of papers, " Substance Abuse among Rural and Very Rural Drug Users at Treatment Entry" (Marlies L. Schoeneberger, Carl G. Leukefeld, Matthew L. Hiller, and Michael Townsend) examines the demographic distinction between rural and very rural drug users. Implications are discussed and recommendations are presented for substance abuse treatment providers and policymakers. The seventh and final paper, "Making the Addiction Severity Index User Friendly: An Electronic Display of Client Outcomes Using Shareware" (James E. Sorensen, James Elzey, and Faith Stuart), attacked a root problem in the use of outcome instruments: the inability to conveniently summarize and display client outcomes. Each paper provides references. "Resources on Rural Substance Abuse Issues" provides descriptions of programs, and contact information. (Contains 14 tables and 1 figure.)
- Published
- 2006
49. The Epidemic of Childhood Obesity: Review of Research and Implications for Public Policy. Social Policy Report. Volume 20, Number 2
- Author
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Society for Research in Child Development, Krishnamoorthy, Jenelle S., Hart, Chantelle, and Jelalian, Elissa
- Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the rate of childhood obesity has more than doubled for preschool children aged 2 to 5 years and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, and it has more than tripled for children 6 to 11 years of age (Institute of Medicine, 2005). At present, approximately 9 million children over 6 years are considered obese (Institute of Medicine, 2005). Thus, pediatric obesity is clearly an epidemic in need of preventive and intervention efforts (Wang & Dietz, 2002). Given the scope of this epidemic, effective public policy is needed to address the pediatric obesity problem (Dietz, Bland, Gortmaker, Molloy, & Schmid, 2002). The scale of this problem requires a multifaceted approach across several sectors of society, including the academic community, government, and the private sector to promote health in our children. This report reviews current research findings regarding the increased prevalence of pediatric obesity and the efficacy of prevention and intervention efforts and makes policy recommendations based on these research conclusions. The goal of this paper is to bridge the divide between public policy and the scientific literature to assist government officials in making informed decisions based on empirical findings. The first section of this report describes the serious and substantial medical and psychosocial risks associated with pediatric obesity; the report also details the sociocultural variables that are thought to contribute to the significant increase in prevalence in this country. Prevention and intervention efforts that have been developed to improve behaviors--such as diet and physical activity--and programs that are designed to decrease body mass index (BMI) in children who are already overweight are reviewed. Findings from these studies suggest that prevention efforts that focus on only one venue, such as school, may not be adequate to significantly impact the obesity of US children. Sociocultural variables are associated with the eased prevalence of pediatric obesity, which require that government, the private and public sector, communities, and families must work together to curb this epidemic. Of utmost importance is the government's collaboration with the academic community in making sure that any programmatic efforts have a rigorous evaluation.
- Published
- 2006
50. A Collection of NIDA Notes: Articles That Address Research on Marijuana.
- Author
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National Inst. on Drug Abuse (DHHS/PHS), Bethesda, MD. and National Inst. on Drug Abuse (DHHS/PHS), Bethesda, MD.
- Abstract
Included in this document are selections of topic-specific articles on marijuana research reprinted from the National Institute on Drug Abuse's (NIDA) research newsletter, NIDA Notes. The collection features articles originally published from 1995 through 2002. Topics include long-term cognitive impairments in heavy marijuana users, evidence that chronic marijuana users experience withdrawal upon quitting, the influence of genes and the environment on drug abuse vulnerability, the body's natural THC-like compounds, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. (GCP)
- Published
- 2003
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