15 results on '"Armstrong, B."'
Search Results
2. Privacy and medical research.
- Author
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Armstrong BK
- Subjects
- Advisory Committees, Australia, Humans, Legislation as Topic, Biomedical Research, Confidentiality legislation & jurisprudence, Research
- Published
- 1984
3. Involving young men in family planning services.
- Author
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Armstrong B
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Americas, Behavior, Demography, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, New York, North America, Organization and Administration, Population, Population Characteristics, United States, Achievement, Adolescent, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Family Planning Services, Health Planning, Patient Compliance, Program Evaluation, Research
- Published
- 1986
4. Risk of hypospadias in relation to maternal occupational exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Author
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Vrijheid, M, Armstrong, B, Dolk, H, van Tongeren, M, and Botting, B
- Subjects
Hypospadias -- Risk factors -- Environmental aspects -- Research ,Occupational health and safety -- Research -- Environmental aspects ,Health ,Research ,Risk factors ,Environmental aspects - Abstract
Background: Reported rises in the prevalence of hypospadias and other abnormalities of the male reproductive system may be a result of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Aims: To analyse the [...]
- Published
- 2003
5. Underutilization of radiotherapy for lung cancer in New South Wales, Australia
- Author
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Vinod SK, Simonella L, Goldsbury DE, Delaney GP, Armstrong B, and O'Connell DL
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Questionnaires ,Wales ,diagnosis ,Cancer Type - Lung Cancer ,Research ,Australia ,utilization ,survival ,Treatment - Localised Therapies – Clinical Applications ,methods ,Quality of Life ,cancer ,cancer registry ,Registries ,New South Wales ,Lung ,radiotherapy - Abstract
BACKGROUND
- Published
- 2009
6. Pathology reporting of resected colorectal cancers in New South Wales in 2000
- Author
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Chapuis PH, Chan C, Lin BP, Armstrong K, Armstrong B, Spigelman AD, O'Connell DL, Leong D, and Dent OF
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Male ,Medical Audit ,Wales ,Research ,Australia ,colorectal cancer ,Guidelines ,methods ,surgery ,cancer ,cancer registry ,Humans ,Cancer Type - Bowel & Colorectal Cancer ,pathology ,epidemiology ,Female ,Registries ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,New South Wales ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Cancer Control, Survivorship, and Outcomes Research - Health Services, Economic and Health Policy Analyses ,Neoplasm Staging - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which pathology reporting of colorectal cancers notified to the New South Wales Central Cancer Registry during 2000 conformed to guidelines promulgated by the National Health and Medical Research Council. METHODS: De-identified reports for 2233 resected specimens of primary invasive colorectal carcinoma were coded according to a standardized system to compile information on 28 clinical and pathology features. An overall score for each report was calculated by computing the number out of 13 essential features specified in the guidelines for which data had been recorded explicitly and unambiguously in the report. RESULTS: The overall score ranged from 3 to 13 features with a mean of 9. No more than 7 features were reported explicitly in just less than one quarter of the reports and no more than 10 in three quarters. There were only 110 reports (4.9%) that included all features. Information on direct spread and nodal metastasis was well reported; resection margins less so. Many reports lacked information on metastases beyond the operative field, the involvement of deep or circumferential resection margins and tumour stage. CONCLUSION: In some respects pathology reports of resected colorectal cancer specimens displayed a high level of completeness. Some important features, however, were poorly described. Reporting could be improved if surgeons were to use a standardized form to convey clinical information to the pathologist and if pathologists were to report in a structured or synoptic format, explicitly recording the presence or absence of each feature in a standard list
- Published
- 2008
7. Gaps in optimal care for lung cancer
- Author
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Vinod SK, Armstrong B, O'Connell DL, Simonella L, Delaney GP, Boyer M, Peters M, Miller D, Supramaniam R, and McCawley L
- Subjects
Questionnaires ,therapy ,Wales ,diagnosis ,Cancer Type - Lung Cancer ,Research ,Australia ,utilization ,Gender ,Guidelines ,survival ,methods ,surgery ,Treatment - Combinations of Localised and Systemic Therapies ,cancer ,cancer registry ,pathology ,Female ,Registries ,New South Wales ,Lung ,radiotherapy - Abstract
PURPOSE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Australia, but little is known about how Australian patients with this disease are managed. METHODS: Lung cancer patients diagnosed from November 1, 2001 to December 31, 2002 were identified through the population-based New South Wales Central Cancer Registry. Information was collected on diagnosis, staging, referrals, and treatment. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression examined factors related to not receiving cancer-specific therapy. RESULTS: There were 2931 potentially eligible patients registered by the Central Cancer Registry and completed questionnaires were obtained for 1812 patients (62%); median age 71 years and 66% men. The pathology was non-small cell in 71%, small cell in 15% and not confirmed in 13% of patients. Eleven percent of patients did not see a lung cancer specialist and 33% received no cancer-specific therapy after initial diagnosis. Treatment utilization rates were 17% for surgery, 39% for radiotherapy, and 30% for chemotherapy. Factors significantly associated with having no cancer-specific therapy included female gender, older age, weight loss, poorer performance status, advanced or unknown disease stage, and consultation with a low patient volume lung cancer specialist or a non-lung cancer specialist. The median survival was 172 days and 2-year crude survival was 17%. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment patterns were in broad concordance with present national guidelines. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of lung cancer patients did not receive cancer-specific therapy. Treatment decisions should be multidisciplinary and decision-makers should include experienced lung cancer specialists
- Published
- 2007
8. Occupational exposure to power frequency magnetic fields and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Author
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Karipidis K, Kaldor J, Kricker A, Benke G, Sim M, Fritschi L, Yost M, Armstrong B, Hughes AM, Grulich A, and Vajdic CM
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Risk ,Lymphoma ,Australian Capital Territory ,analysis ,etiology ,Etiology - Exogenous Factors in the Origin and Cause of Cancer ,Neoplasms,Radiation-Induced ,methods ,Electromagnetic Fields ,Occupational Exposure ,Cancer Type - Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Aged ,Research ,Australia ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Occupational Diseases ,Lymphoma,Non-Hodgkin ,adverse effects ,Female ,epidemiology ,history ,Other ,New South Wales ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using a job-exposure matrix (JEM) to assess exposure to occupational magnetic fields at the power frequencies of 50/60 Hz. METHODS: The study population consisted of 694 cases of NHL, first diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2001, and 694 controls from two regions in Australia, matched by age, sex and region of residence. A detailed occupational history was given by each subject. Exposure to power frequency magnetic fields was estimated using a population-based JEM which was specifically developed in the United States to assess occupational magnetic field exposure. The cumulative exposure distribution was divided into quartiles and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using the lowest quartile as the referent group. RESULTS: For the total work history, the odds ratio (OR) for workers in the upper quartile of exposure was 1.48 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.16) compared to the referent (p value for trend was 0.006). When the exposure was lagged by 5 years the OR was 1.59 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.36) (p value for trend was 0.003). Adjusting for other occupational exposures did not significantly alter the results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide weak support for the hypothesis that occupational exposure to 50/60 Hz magnetic fields increases the risk of NHL
- Published
- 2006
9. Relation of occupational class and education with mortality in Korea. (Short Report)
- Author
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Son, M., Armstrong, B., Choi, J-M, and Yoon, T-Y
- Subjects
Occupational mortality -- Causes of -- Research -- Statistics -- Health aspects ,Epidemiology -- Health aspects -- Statistics -- Research ,Social classes -- Health aspects -- Statistics -- Research ,Health ,Social sciences ,Statistics ,Research ,Health aspects ,Causes of - Abstract
Although the association between socioeconomic status and mortality has been studied in developed countries, much less is known about this association elsewhere. The aim of this study was to investigate [...]
- Published
- 2002
10. Human papillomavirus predicts outcome in oropharyngeal cancer in patients treated primarily with surgery or radiation therapy.
- Author
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Hong, A. M., Dobbins, T. A., Lee, C. S., Jones, D., Harnett, G. B., Armstrong, B. K., Clark, J. R., Milross, C. G., Kim, J., O'Brien, C. J., and Rose, B. R.
- Subjects
PAPILLOMAVIRUSES ,CANCER ,RADIOTHERAPY ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,ONCOGENIC DNA viruses ,RESEARCH ,VERTEBRATES ,PREDICTIVE tests ,TONGUE tumors ,AGE distribution ,RESEARCH methodology ,OROPHARYNGEAL cancer ,CANCER relapse ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,DISEASE relapse ,TUMOR classification ,COMPARATIVE studies ,VIRUS diseases ,PHARYNX tumors ,COMBINED modality therapy - Abstract
Objective: This study examines the prognostic significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated primarily with surgery or definitive radiotherapy.Methods: One hundred and ninety-eight patients with Stage 3/4 SCC were followed up for recurrence in any form or death from any cause for between 1 and 235 months after diagnosis. HPV status was determined using HPV E6-targeted multiplex real-time PCR/p16 immunohistochemistry. Determinants of recurrence and mortality hazards were modelled using Cox's regression with censoring at follow-up dates.Results: Forty-two per cent of cancers were HPV-positive (87% type 16). HPV predicted loco-regional control, event-free survival and overall survival in multivariable analysis. Within the surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (n=110), definitive radiotherapy-alone (n=24) and definitive radiotherapy with chemotherapy (n=47) groups, patients with HPV-positive cancers were one-third or less as likely to have loco-regional recurrence, an event or to die of any cause as those with HPV-negative cancers after adjusting for age, gender, tumour grade, AJCC stage and primary site. The 14 patients treated with surgery alone were considered too few for multivariable analysis.Conclusion: HPV status predicts better outcome in oropharyngeal cancer treated with surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy as well as with definitive radiation therapy±chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A pooled analysis of 10 case-control studies of melanoma and oral contraceptive use.
- Author
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Karagas, M.R., Stukel, T.A., Dykes, J, Miglionico, J, Greene, M A, Carey, M, Armstrong, B, Elwood, J M, Gallagher, R P, Green, A, Holly, E A, Kirkpatrick, C S, Mack, T, Østerlind, A, Rosso, S, and Swerdlow, A J
- Subjects
MELANOMA ,ORAL contraceptives ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DRUG administration ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,META-analysis ,RESEARCH ,SKIN tumors ,WOMEN'S health ,EVALUATION research ,DISEASE incidence ,CASE-control method ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Data regarding the effects of oral contraceptive use on women's risk of melanoma have been difficult to resolve. We undertook a pooled analysis of all case-control studies of melanoma in women completed as of July 1994 for which electronic data were available on oral contraceptive use along with other melanoma risk factors such as hair colour, sun sensitivity, family history of melanoma and sun exposure. Using the original data from each investigation (a total of 2391 cases and 3199 controls), we combined the study-specific odds ratios and standard errors to obtain a pooled estimate that incorporates inter-study heterogeneity. Overall, we observed no excess risk associated with oral contraceptive use for 1 year or longer compared to never use or use for less than 1 year (pooled odds ratio (pOR)=0.86; 95% CI=0.74-1.01), and there was no evidence of heterogeneity between studies. We found no relation between melanoma incidence and duration of oral contraceptive use, age began, year of use, years since first use or last use, or specifically current oral contraceptive use. In aggregate, our findings do not suggest a major role of oral contraceptive use on women's risk of melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Exposure to magnetic fields estimated from last job held in an electrical utility in Québec, Canada: a validation study.
- Author
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Baris, D and Armstrong, B G
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE studies ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MAGNETICS ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,POWER plants ,RESEARCH ,TIME ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Objectives: To investigate how closely the variables of exposures to magnetic fields based on the last job held in an electrical utility in Québec, Canada, compared with those based on the workers' entire employment history with the company.Methods: In large cohort studies, the last job held is often used to assign exposure to the study subjects. Exposure was assigned in this way for a mortality study of a cohort of electrical utility workers in Québec. For the present study, a sample of the cohort was used to compare the exposure estimates obtained from the last job with those obtained from full work histories.Results: The correlations between indices based on the last job and on all jobs varied between 0.75 and 0.78. The mean was slightly lower when only the last job was used. The last job was particularly good in identifying the most highly exposed people (for the exposure cut off point of 90th percentile for the last job and for all jobs, sensitivity = 0.69, specificity = 0.97, kappa = 0.66). The results suggest that although not all workers starting in highly exposed jobs stayed in them, it seemed that the workers who ended their working life in highly exposed jobs had stayed in these jobs throughout their working life.Conclusion: The results indicated some (but not catastrophic) loss of information when estimates of exposure were based on the last job only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A case cohort study of suicide in relation to exposure to electric and magnetic fields among electrical utility workers.
- Author
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Baris, D, Armstrong, B G, Deadman, J, and Thériault, G
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE studies ,ELECTRICITY ,ELECTROMAGNETIC fields ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,SUICIDE ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Objectives: This case cohort study examines whether there is an association between exposure to electric and magnetic fields and suicide in a population of 21,744 male electrical utility workers from the Canadian Province of Québec.Methods: 49 deaths from suicide were identified between 1970 and 1988 and a subcohort was selected comprising a 1% random sample from this cohort as a basis for risk estimation. Cumulative and current exposures to electric fields, magnetic fields, and pulsed electromagnetic fields (as recorded by the POSITRON meter) were estimated for the subcohort and cases through a job exposure matrix. Two versions of each of these six indices were calculated, one based on the arithmetic mean (AM), and one on the geometric mean (GM) of field strengths.Results: For cumulative exposure, rate ratios (RR) for all three fields showed mostly small non-significant increases in the medium and high exposure groups. The most increased risk was found in the medium exposure group for the GM of the electric field (RR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.15-6.62). The results did not differ after adjustment for socioeconomic state, alcohol use, marital state, and mental disorders. There was a little evidence for an association of risk with exposure immediately before the suicide.Conclusion: Some evidence for an association between suicide and cumulative exposure to the GM of the electric fields was found. This specific index was not initially identified as the most relevant index, but rather emerged afterwards as showing the most positive association with suicide among the 10 indices studied. Thus the evidence from this study for a causal association between exposure to electric fields and suicide is weak. Small sample size (deaths from suicide) and inability to control for all potential confounding factors were the main limitations of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. UV-radiation-specific p53 mutation frequency in normal skin as a predictor of risk of basal cell carcinoma.
- Author
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Ouhtit, A, Nakazawa, H, Armstrong, B K, Kricker, A, Tan, E, Yamasaki, H, and English, D R
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ALLELES ,BASAL cell carcinoma ,HUMAN skin color ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DNA ,DNA probes ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,PROTEINS ,RESEARCH ,SKIN ,SKIN tumors ,ULTRAVIOLET radiation ,EVALUATION research ,CASE-control method ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of radiation - Abstract
Background: A strong association has been found between skin cancer and exposure to UV radiation. The p53 tumor suppressor gene (also known as TP53), which is frequently mutated in human cancers, is believed to be an early target in UV radiation-associated skin carcinogenesis. We have previously developed a sensitive, polymerase chain reaction-based method capable of detecting and quantifying a UV radiation-specific mutation in the p53 gene (codons 247 and 248: AAC CGG --> AAT TGG) in normal skin. We have used this method to examine whether UV radiation-specific mutation frequency is associated with risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and with sun exposure.Methods: This case-control study in Australia involved 53 case subjects with BCC and 75 control subjects. DNA was isolated from normal skin (mirror-image anatomic site to the cancer site for case subjects and a randomly selected site for control subjects) and assayed for p53 mutation. Relationships between p53 mutation frequency and risk of BCC, sun sensitivity, or sun exposure were estimated by use of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results: Case subjects were more likely to have a p53 mutation than control subjects (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.3-7.1). In addition, the odds of BCC increased monotonically with increasing frequency of p53 mutation. No statistically significant associations could be demonstrated between p53 mutation frequency and age, sex, sensitivity to the sun, pigmentary characteristics, total lifetime sun exposure, or sun exposure to the biopsy site.Conclusions: Our results indicate that tandem CC --> TT mutations involving codons 247 and 248 of the p53 gene are associated with an increased risk of BCC but cannot be used as an accurate measure of total UV-radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Shared care in the management of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in primary care.
- Author
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Armstrong, B, Kinn, S, Scoular, A, and Wilson, P
- Subjects
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CHLAMYDIA infection treatment , *OUTPATIENT medical care , *CHLAMYDIA trachomatis , *CLINICAL trials , *COMPARATIVE studies , *FEMALE reproductive organ diseases , *MALE reproductive organ diseases , *HEALTH care teams , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *PRIMARY health care , *RESEARCH , *URBAN health , *EVALUATION research , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the impact of a health adviser in genitourinary medicine as a training and support resource on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis in a large inner city health centre.Methods: A large, inner city health centre was selected at random for the intervention, with another selected as control. The health adviser offered support and training in the management of C trachomatis to clinical staff in the intervention health centre for 6 months. Data on testing activity were collected over the period of the intervention and during the equivalent period in the previous year. Data on partner notification activities were collected from case notes.Results: The research intervention was effective in increasing C trachomatis testing activity. However, the majority of tests were offered to women over 20 years of age and no increase in the proportion of positive results was observed.Conclusions: The intervention was effective in increasing C trachomatis testing activity, but did not improve the overall detection rate. Health centre staff accommodated opportunistic testing for C trachomatis into existing healthcare practices, as opposed to introducing new screening systems designed to reach the target population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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