Search

Health research capacities have been improved in Africa but still remain weak as compared to other regions of the World. To strengthen these research capacities, international collaboration and networking for knowledge and capacity transfer are needed. In this commentary, we present the Network for Scientific Support in the field of Sexual and Reproductive Health in West and North Africa, its priority research topics and discuss its implementation process. Established in January 2014, the Network aims at generating human rights and gender-based research fully carried out and driven by South based institutions. It is composed of 12 institutions including the Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp (Belgium) and 11 institutions from eight Francophone West and North African countries. The key areas of interest of this network are health policies analysis and health system research in family planning, HIV prevention among vulnerable groups, quality of care and breast cancers. Since it started, seventeen research proposals based on locally relevant research questions have been developed. Among the seventeen proposals, eleven have been implemented. Several research institutions enhanced linkages with local representations of international partners such as UNFPA. The network is committed to strengthening methodological research capacities and soft skills such as fundraising, advocacy and leadership. Such competencies are strongly needed for developing an effective South-based leadership in Sexual and Reproductive Health research, and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

This paper addresses the challenges faced in mainstreaming the teaching of sexual and reproductive health and rights into public health education. For this paper, we define sexual and reproductive health and rights education as including not only its biomedical aspects but also an understanding of its history, values and politics, grounded in gender politics and social justice, addressing sexuality, and placed within a broader context of health systems and global health. Using a case study approach with an opportunistically selected sample of schools of public health within our regional contexts, we examine the status of sexual and reproductive health and rights education and some of the drivers and obstacles to the development and delivery of sexual and reproductive health and rights curricula. Despite diverse national and institutional contexts, there are many commonalities. Teaching of sexual and reproductive health and rights is not fully integrated into core curricula. Existing initiatives rely on personal faculty interest or short-term courses, neither of which are truly sustainable or replicable. We call for a multidisciplinary and more comprehensive integration of sexual and reproductive health and rights in public health education. The education of tomorrow's public health leaders is critical, and a strategy is needed to ensure that they understand and are prepared to engage with the range of sexual and reproductive health and rights issues within their historical and political contexts., (Copyright © 2011 Reproductive Health Matters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the implementation of a postabortion care (PAC) strategy in Kinshasa referral hospitals, this study analyzed the quality of postabortion care services, including postabortion contraception, and the duration of hospitalization. Methodology: We estimated the effects of the PAC strategy using a quasi-experimental study by evaluating the outcomes of 334 patients with the diagnosis of a complication of induced abortion admitted to 10 hospitals in which the PAC strategy was implemented compared to the same outcomes in 314 patients with the same diagnosis admitted to 10 control facilities from 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018. In response to government policy, the PAC strategy included the treatment of abortion complications with recommended uterine evacuation technology, the family planning counseling and service provision, linkages with other reproductive health services, including STI evaluation and HIV counseling and/or referral for testing, and partnerships between providers and communities. The information was collected using a questionnaire and stored using open data kit software. We supplemented this information with data abstracted from patient records, facility registries of gynecological obstetrical emergencies, and family planning registries. We analyzed data and developed regression models using STATA15. Thus, we compared changes in use of specific treatments and duration of hospitalization using a "difference-in-differences" analysis. Results: The implementation of PAC strategy in Kinshasa referral hospitals has resulted in the utilization of WHO recommended uterine evacuation method MVA (29.3% more in the experimental structures, p = 0.025), a non-significant decline in sharp-curettage (19.3% less, p = 0.132), and a decline in the duration of hospitalization of patients admitted for PAC (1 day less, p = 0.020). We did not observe any change in the use of PAC services, mortality, and the provision of post abortion contraception. Conclusion: Despite significant improvement in the management of PAC, the uptake in WHO approved technology—namely MVA, and the duration of hospitalization, these outcomes while a significant improvement for DRC, indicate that additional quality improvement strategies for management of PAC and risk-mitigating strategies to reduce barriers to care are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A qualitative assessment was made of service provider and user perceptions of the quality of integrated reproductive health services established through a pilot intervention in Cambodia. The intervention aimed to promote pregnant women's HIV testing and general utilization of reproductive health facilities as well as improve the follow-up of HIV-positive women and exposed infants through strengthened referral and operational linkages amongst health facilities/services and community-based support interventions for PLHIV. The study was conducted in one operational district where the intervention was piloted and for comparative purposes in a district where integrated services had yet to be implemented. Service providers in the pilot district reported improved collaboration and coordination of services, more effective referral, and the positive impact of improved proximity of HIV testing through integrated local level facilities. Community-based support teams for PLHIV embraced their expanded role, were valued by families receiving their assistance, and were understood to have had an important role in referral, PMTCT follow-up and countering PLHIV stigmatization; findings which underscore the potential role of community support in integrated service provision. Challenges identified included stigmatization of PLHIV by health staff at district hospital level and a lack of confidence amongst non-specialized health staff when managing deliveries by HIV-positive women, partly due to fear of HIV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the implementation and results of the linked response (LR) in Cambodia after 18 months of follow-up.The main objectives of the LR are to increase access to sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention, testing, care, and treatment and to strengthen existing reproductive health services through increased linkages within and between public health facilities and community-based services. The LR was piloted in Cambodia in 2008, in 2 demonstration projects, covering 5 operational districts. Routine data were collected and analyzed before (2007), during (2008), and after (2009) the implementation of the LR.Overall in the 5 operational districts, the proportion of pregnant women, tested for HIV increased from 6% (1261 of 21,376) in 2007 to 86% (18394 of 21,478) in 2009. Syphilis testing, introduced early 2009, reached similar (85%) coverage as HIV by the end of 2009. Between 2007 and 2009, reproductive indicators also increased: antenatal care coverage (at least 1 visit) from 80% to 100%, public health facility delivery rates from 26% to 46%, and contraceptive prevalence from 24% to 28%. Antiretroviral uptake was high among HIV-positive mothers and exposed infants, 84% and 95% respectively, and 3 of 36 (8%) infants tested so far for HIV were diagnosed positive. However, 6 maternal (HIV-positive women) and 7 child deaths (1 tested positive) occurred during the pregnancy or the 30-week postpartum follow-up period.Sexually transmitted infection/HIV indicators and follow-up dramatically improved after the LR was implemented. Efforts should be pursued to further improve quality of health care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010, following its approval by the Ministry of Health, the medical abortion combination pack Medabon (containing mifepristone and misoprostol) was made available at pharmacies and in a restricted number of health facilities in Cambodia. The qualitative study presented in this paper was conducted in 2012 as a follow-up to longer-term ethnographical research related to reproductive health and fertility regulation between 2008 and 2012. Observations were carried out at several clinic and pharmacy sites and in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 20 women who attended two MSI Cambodia centres and 10 women identified through social networks; six men (women’s male partners); eight health care providers at the two MSI centres and four pill sellers at private or informal pharmacies (who also provided health care services in private clinics). Although the level of training among the drug sellers and providers varied, their knowledge about medical abortion regimens, correct usage and common side effects was good. Overall, women were satisfied with the services provided. Medical abortion was not always a women-only process in this study as some male partners were also involved in the care process. The study illustrates positive steps forward being taken in making abortion safe and preventing and reducing unsafe abortion practices in Cambodia. RésuméEn 2010, après son approbation par le Ministère de la Santé, le produit pour l’avortement médicamenteux Medabon, conditionnement qui associe la mifépristone et le misoprostol, a été commercialisé dans les pharmacies et dans un nombre restreint de centres de santé au Cambodge. L’étude qualitative présentée dans cet article s’est déroulée en 2012, comme prolongement d’une recherche ethnographique à plus long terme relative à la santé génésique et la régulation de la fécondité entre 2008 et 2012. Les observations ont été réalisées dans plusieurs dispensaires et pharmacies. Des entretiens approfondis ont été menés avec un échantillon raisonné de 20 femmes qui s’étaient rendues dans deux centres MSI Cambodge et dix femmes identifiées par les réseaux sociaux ; six hommes (des partenaires des femmes) ; huit prestataires de soins de santé dans les deux centres MSI et quatre vendeurs de comprimés dans des pharmacies privées ou informelles (qui assuraient également des soins de santé dans des dispensaires privés). Le niveau de formation des vendeurs de comprimés et des prestataires était divers, mais leur connaissance des schémas d’avortement médicamenteux, de leur utilisation correcte et des effets secondaires fréquents était bonne. Dans l’ensemble, les femmes étaient satisfaites des services fournis. L’avortement médicamenteux n’était pas toujours une « affaire de femmes » dans cette étude puisque certains partenaires masculins participaient également au processus. L’étude illustre les progrès accomplis pour rendre les avortements plus sûrs, tout en prévenant et réduisant les pratiques abortives à risque au Cambodge. ResumenEn el año 2010, después de ser aprobado por el Ministerio de Salud, el paquete combinación para el aborto con medicamentos Medabon (que contiene mifepristona y misoprostol) se hizo disponible en farmacias y en un número limitado de unidades de salud en Camboya. El estudio cualitativo presentado en este artículo fue realizado en 2012 como seguimiento a investigaciones etnográficas más extensas relacionadas con la salud reproductiva y la regulación de la fertilidad del 2008 al 2012. Se realizaron observaciones en varias clínicas y farmacias, así como entrevistas a profundidad con una muestra intencional de 20 mujeres que asistieron a dos centros de MSI Camboya y 10 mujeres identificadas por medio de redes sociales; seis hombres (parejas de mujeres); ocho profesionales de la salud en los dos centros de MSI y cuatro vendedores de píldoras en farmacias privadas o informales (que también prestaban servicios de salud en clínicas privadas). Aunque el nivel de capacitación entre los vendedores de medicamentos y profesionales de la salud varió, tenían buenos conocimientos acerca de los regímenes de aborto con medicamentos, uso correcto y efectos secundarios comunes. En general, las mujeres estaban satisfechas con los servicios que recibieron. En este estudio, el aborto con medicamentos no siempre fue un proceso solo para mujeres, ya que algunas parejas de sexo masculino también participaron en el proceso de brindar cuidados. El estudio ilustra los pasos positivos hacia adelante que se están realizando para lograr que el aborto sea más seguro y para prevenir y reducir las prácticas de aborto inseguro en Camboya. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]