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This study investigates the time-varying interactions among climate warming, renewable energy consumption (REC) and rare earth market using TVP-VAR-SV model. We focus on the stock performance in the rare earth financial market. Our empirical results show that the effects of climate warming and REC on rare earth market changes over time and increases significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The REC has short-term positive impact on rare earth market, and the positive impact of climate warming on the rare earth market has a time lag effect. In the long term, climate warming has a significant promotion effect on REC, especially during major events. The short-term positive impact of REC on the rare earth market is prominent after the signing of the Paris Agreement (PA), while its impact shows counter-cyclical fluctuations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of disaggregated REC on rare earth market is obviously heterogeneous. Solar and wind energy consumption are the most important reasons for changes in rare earth market. • The effect of climate warming on rare earth stock market is time-varying. • Climate warming promotes renewable energy consumption after the Paris Agreement. • Renewable energy consumption has a significant impact on rare earth stock market. • The positive effect of climate warming on rare earth stock market has a time lag effect. • Rare earth stock market is most sensitive to solar and wind energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy technological innovation (RETI) is an important pathway to mitigate climate change and accelerate energy transition, but existing studies have not yet recognised the potential driving force of internet development on RETI. This study innovatively explores the effect and its mechanisms of internet development on RETI, and find that internet development significantly contributes to RETI. Mechanisms analysis suggests that internet development promotes RETI through human capital accumulation, industrial structure upgrading and financial development. Existing studies focus on macroeconomic and financial determinants of RETI, neglecting the critical role of institutional factors. Our investigation verifies the threshold effect of institutional quality in the relationship between internet development and RETI through a threshold model. Our results not only show a non-linear incremental marginal effect of internet development on RETI, but also show that better institutional quality may increase the positive impact of internet development on REIT. The heterogeneity analysis suggests the moderating effect of institutional quality differs between developed and developing economies. Our research contributes to the existing literature by incorporating institutional quality factors to examine the non-linear relationship between internet development and RETI at the international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]