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Fereydounshahr experiences growing electricity shortfalls and an overreliance on polluting diesel generators. This analysis models renewable hybrid systems to electrify a local dairy operation using HOMER Pro 3.11 software. Despite higher upfront costs, adding just 5% solar photovoltaics maintained low net present costs while increasing clean energy penetration versus diesel generators alone. Furthermore, a combined diesel-solar-wind system reduced carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions by over 1%. Although diesel generators had the shortest payback period at 48 years, the capital recovery factor for a diesel–solar combination reached 62 years. Thus, tailored hybrid renewable systems could provide an affordable, low-emissions electricity solution for the Fereydounshahr livestock facility. With suitable wind and solar resources, the right policy incentives could also unlock substantial local renewable capacity to meet rising demand and mitigate dependence on imported, climate-harming fossil fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fereydounshahr experiences growing electricity shortfalls and an overreliance on polluting diesel generators. This analysis models renewable hybrid systems to electrify a local dairy operation using HOMER Pro 3.11 software. Despite higher upfront costs, adding just 5% solar photovoltaics maintained low net present costs while increasing clean energy penetration versus diesel generators alone. Furthermore, a combined diesel-solar-wind system reduced carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions by over 1%. Although diesel generators had the shortest payback period at 48 years, the capital recovery factor for a diesel–solar combination reached 62 years. Thus, tailored hybrid renewable systems could provide an affordable, low-emissions electricity solution for the Fereydounshahr livestock facility. With suitable wind and solar resources, the right policy incentives could also unlock substantial local renewable capacity to meet rising demand and mitigate dependence on imported, climate-harming fossil fuels.

In this paper, the design and simulation of a 5 MW solar power plant in Ghor province, Afghanistan have been investigated. A suitable place at a distance of about 8.17 km from the center of the province was selected as the power plant location. The main objective of this study is the investigation of solar renewable energy resources' capacity for generation of electrical energy from domestic resources to provide reliable and sustainable energy in the center of the Ghor province which is currently not connected to the national electrical grid. In this power plant, 6399 kWp, STP-320 W PV module, and 5300 kW Growatt convertor type were used. The PVSYST, PVGIS, and HOMER renewable energy simulation tools were used for analyzing the system. The results obtained from each simulation tool were compared together. Analysis of the results using HOMER and PVGIS shows that the annual energy generated using each simulation tool is about 11698 MWh and 10673 MWh respectively while the result from PVSYST is 11938 MWh per year. According to the obtained values, results from PVSYST depict 240 MWh more energy generation than HOMER and 1265 MWh than PVGIS simulation tools annually. These values indicate that PVSYST produces higher annual power for this system than HOMER and PVGIS. Comparing the annual generated power results of the simulations with reference to the PVSYST results, it can be concluded that PVGIS is 10.6% lower and HOMER is 2% lower. There is about a 2% difference between PVSYST and HOMER.

Diesel generators have long been in use in rural communities in Nigeria despite the impact of emissions caused by these generators on the environment. Due to the high cost and fluctuation in the diesel price and the need for a greener environment, such electric generating systems seem not to be economical and environmentally friendly and need to be addressed. The potential of utilizing the major renewable energy sources prevailing in the Umuejim Amorka community was investigated based on related site surveys and data collected from each household. This paper also investigates the feasibility and economic viability of employing a hybrid-electric system in rural communities. The HOMER software that analyzes system configuration was used to study the application and functional limitations of each hybridized arrangement. The results showed that the renewable energy (RE) based system, photovoltaic (PV)//battery(B), has the lowest cost of energy (COE) and net profit cost (NPC) compared to the PV/Diesel Generator (DG)/B and standalone DG systems. Although the diesel generator (DG) hybrid-electric system (HES) has lower NPC and COE values compared to PV/DG/B, the DG system has the highest significant pollution emission. Furthermore, the result revealed that the PV/B system has the lowest capital and total costs compared to the other two HESs. Moreso, the PV/B system, has the highest return on investment (ROI), making the system the most economically viable and adjudged to be a better candidate for rural community electrification demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salalah is known for its Al-Khareef unique weather that is marked by influx of tourists into the community resulting in high electrical load demand during the Al-Khareef season. This paper investigates the viability of two hybridised energy systems for application in Salalah community. The result demonstrated that the Photovoltaic, Wind and Battery combination is more cost effective in terms of energy consumption, initial cost and renewal price, in comparison to the other hybrid energy system. The Homer Pro software, return on investment and internal rate of return analysis showed that the Photovoltaic/Wind/Battery scheme commands higher economic and environmental viability, presenting the Photovoltaic, Wind and Battery scheme as a better option to meet the power demand for Salalah city.

In this paper, the sizing of an electrical power system for the Dhofar region in the southern of Oman is proposed and discussed through an optimization of the net project cost of different configurations of power sources. Both stand-alone and grid-connected cases are studied and discussed. The generated electrical power from renewable energy sources depends mainly on solar radiations, temperature, and wind speed. The incomes depend on the electrical power produced from renewable energy sources and the initial cost of investment as well as the operation and maintenance cost of renewable energy equipment. The analysis of different cases is performed using HOMER Software. The comparison of different configurations shows that the hybrid grid-connected system is the optimum solution to produce 1046807 kWh of electrical power from renewable energy sources with a minimum net project cost of 186 751 €. The utilization of electrical power from the power grid is the most expensive solution with a net project cost of 5.07 million €. The hybrid photovoltaic wind grid-connected system allows reducing of the cost of energy to 0.0117 € per kWh with an optimum initial investment cost of 386 648 €. The detailed analysis of proposed renewable energy solutions based on accurate informations gives every confidence in its reliability for future energy requirements of Oman. The proposed solutions hold good for this region in Oman in the long term. Indeed, installing renewable energy systems allows reducing electricity bills and participating in the national development plan related to green energy policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundance of renewable energy in Ghana can play an important role in the rural electrification program rolled out by the Government of Ghana to promote energy that everyone can assess for improved living standards. It has the potential to meet the objectives of the energy sector which include; 10% renewable energy in the total generation mix, minimize the adverse effects of energy production on the environment, reduce poverty, and improve the socio-economic development of the country, mainly, in rural communities, creating community-based employment, etc. In this study, Nkrankrom was selected as a case study to evaluate the possibility of meeting their energy needs with a solar mini-grid. To determine the energy demand of the community, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The HOMER software was used to perform the financial viability of utilizing the solar resource available. The result shows that it is possible to meet the energy demand of the community from the solar resource available. The proposed system configuration included PV/Battery/Converter with a Levelized Cost of Energy of $0.107/kWh compared to $0.124/kWh (using $1 = GH₵4.98 rate), if the area is to be connected to the national grid. The breakeven distance or Electric Distance Limit (EDL) between standalone mini-grid and grid extension in this analysis was found to be 1.11 km. The study also revealed that solar mini-grid could have an immense benefit to the community both economically and socially such as improve the standard of living as well as meeting the rural development objectives of Ghana.

Salalah is known for its Al-Khareef unique weather that is marked by influx of tourists into the community resulting in high electrical load demand during the Al-Khareef season. This paper investigates the viability of two hybridised energy systems for application in Salalah community. The result demonstrated that the Photovoltaic, Wind and Battery combination is more cost effective in terms of energy consumption, initial cost and renewal price, in comparison to the other hybrid energy system. The Homer Pro software, return on investment and internal rate of return analysis showed that the Photovoltaic/Wind/Battery scheme commands higher economic and environmental viability, presenting the Photovoltaic, Wind and Battery scheme as a better option to meet the power demand for Salalah city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes, through HOMER, to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of a hybrid energy system, taking advantage of solar and wind resources in a remote community in Haiti. Several configurations were analyzed, the most viable has a net present cost (NPC) of US$ 389,647 and US$ 0.497/kWh of energy cost (COE). It could produce 82,124 ​kW ​h/year and 0% of unmet annual load. This configuration still has 9.6% excess electricity, which is important for a possible increase in load. A sensitivity analysis was performed, which shows the performance and technical feasibility of the system for future load increase.

The coastline rural communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria have long suffered from the consequences of poor rural electrification, environmental degradation, and health challenges. There is an urgent need to provide an optimal sustainable and environment-friendly energy system for the coastline rural communities in Nigeria, which has the potential of ameliorating the climate change in this country. The HOMER hybrid optimization software and the estimated domestic energy demand of the coastline rural communities were used to determine the best PV solar energy system. The NASA SEE database with monthly averaged values for global horizontal radiation over a 22-year period was considered in the current analysis. The daily energy demand of a typical household in the communities was estimated for the existing energy demand (EED), future electric energy demand (FEED), and future base energy demand (FBED) scenarios as 5.640, 8.830, and 7.233 kWh, respectively. The suggested best energy system has a cost of electricity of 0.651, 0.653, and 0.674 $/kWh for the EED, FEED, and FBED, respectively. The best energy system gives the best components with an appropriate operating strategy to provide an efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly system. It is shown that both positive energy policies of the Federal Government of Nigeria toward renewable energy penetration and the support from the oil-producing companies toward their operational areas would see the cost of electricity being significantly reduced. It is envisaged that the implementation of the suggested energy system with other environmentally responsible interventions would support the Niger-Delta’s coastline rural communities, whose livelihoods have been impaired by gas and oil exploration, to attain their full environmental and socioeconomic potentials.

• The main objective is to introduce an economic and feasible hybrid energy system. • The hybrid ORC has a lower COE and NPC, compared to the stand-alone ORC. • The overall exergy efficiency of the hybrid ORC is 7.29%. • The optimum energy system is the hybrid PV-wind-diesel-battery. The main objective of this investigation is to introduce an economic and feasible hybrid energy system to provide the required load for a household in Rayen, Iran. The case study is a building with 20 families. The power consumption of a family at a peak is considered by 4 kW. So, this combined system must provide a power of 80 kW. First a hybrid organic Rankine cycle is proposed and assessed by exergy and exergoeconomic methods. The results of exergy analysis indicate the overall exergy efficiency of the system is 7.29%. As well as, the greatest exergy destruction is related to the photovoltaic panels with a value of 337.16 kJ. The outcomes of the exergoeconomic assessment showed that, the highest and lowest capital investment cost rate belong to the photovoltaic panels (54233 $/year) and condenser (7092 $/year), respectively. Also, the product cost rate is calculated by 5.2 million $/year. In continue, to identify the key parameters which influence on the total performance of the ORC system, a parametric analysis is done. Because of the hybrid organic Rankine cycle has a high amount of the cost of energy, seven renewable hybrid energy systems are proposed and modeled by HOMER software. The results show the optimum energy system for this residential area is the hybrid PV – wind-diesel – battery. This configuration has a net positive cost of 268,592 $ and a cost of energy of 0.197 $/kWh. At the end of this study, to find the impact of the variations of the fuel cost and peak load on system performance, a parametric analysis was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and modeling is reported of a photovoltaic (PV)/wind/diesel hybrid power generation system for a household in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. For optimizing and determining the feasibility of the system, Homer simulation software is utilized. Various system configurations are investigated and comparisons are made using an optimization approach. For the Winnipeg location, the annual mean and the peak loads are 16 kWh/d and 1.9 kW, respectively. It is found that the hybrid system comprising 1 kW PV arrays, a 2 kW diesel generator, five batteries and a 2 kW converter with a total net present cost of $33,110 and a cost of energy of 0.444 $/kWh has the optimal configuration. The results obtained with Homer software demonstrate that a hybrid wind/PV/diesel/battery power generation system has the lowest cost and the highest efficiency of the systems considered. The system helps reduce emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 548–562, 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to offer cost-effective options to supersede fossil fuel resources, we developed a research methodology based on techno-economic feasibility analysis. The purpose of this paper is to find off-grid renewable energy solutions, including solar panel, wind turbine and batteries as possible options for zero-emission stand-alone power generation in KhshU Site, a renewable energy laboratory in Iran. The HOMER software, which determines the most cost effective system for a given load by considering incident solar radiation, wind speed, electrical demand profile, and equipment characteristics, was employed. The results revealed that the most economical configuration among different renewable energy systems (RES's) was the PV-battery, which has a total net present cost (NPC) of 8173 US$ and a cost of energy (COE) of 0.546 $/kWh, followed by the hybrid PV/wind/battery. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that raising discount rates could increase the cost of energy while net present cost of the entire system would be reduced in any inflation rate. The analysis also showed that the wind speed variation between 3 and 6 m/s didn't have a considerable effect on NPC and COE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, it is common knowledge that increased use of renewable energies has a significant impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The most notable types of renewable energies are solar energy and wind energy, whose popularity comes from their prominent features such as cost-effectiveness, stability and easy utilization. The objective of this paper is to perform a technical-economic analysis on combined utilization of solar and wind power in two cities of Qom and Yazd, to conduct a feasibility study on the construction of clean energy producing power plants in these locations. To achieve this objective, we first gather the required data from the national meteorological organization, and then use Homer software to perform technical and economic analyses on the two considered sites. Solar and wind analyses on Qom and Yazd show that both cities have great potential in solar energy generation, but wind speed data indicate that only Qom has the wind characteristics appropriate for wind power generation. Overall, these results indicate that investments on solar energy sector of both cities will be economically justified, but only Qom has the wind characteristics required to make investments on its wind energy sector economic. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1194-1207, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energies are increasingly seen as the best solution to a growing global population demanding affordable access to electricity while reducing the need for fossil fuels. Country of Iran has vast untapped solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric sources that hold the potential to meet domestic needs. Renewable energy is also essential to Iran as it will curb massive air pollution. In this paper economical and feasibility study of various hybrid systems are performed by using HOMER software model for supplying electricity to the Engineering Department of Islamic Azad University. For this study, annual electricity demand of the university is 1,174,935 kWh with a peak demand of about 331 kW, average wind speeds, based on hourly data during the period of eleven years (2000-2010), are between 3 to 5 m/s in all months of the year. For solar radiation, six models are evaluated to select the best model for estimation of the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface in the study location. Among these six models, H/H0 = a + + b(S/S0)2 + c(S/S0)2 is chosen as the most optimum model for estimating solar irradiation. The results indicate that among the three hybrid systems for fulfilling electrical energy needs, the wind/diesel/battery hybrid system with nine wind turbines (20 kW), one diesel generator (300 kW), 50 batteries, and 50 kW power converters with net present cost of $4,281,800 and cost of energy of 0.285 $/kWh is the most economically efficient hybrid system. (based on 2015 US dollar). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastline rural communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria have long suffered from the consequences of poor rural electrification, environmental degradation, and health challenges. There is an urgent need to provide an optimal sustainable and environment-friendly energy system for the coastline rural communities in Nigeria, which has the potential of ameliorating the climate change in this country. The HOMER hybrid optimization software and the estimated domestic energy demand of the coastline rural communities were used to determine the best PV solar energy system. The NASA SEE database with monthly averaged values for global horizontal radiation over a 22-year period was considered in the current analysis. The daily energy demand of a typical household in the communities was estimated for the existing energy demand (EED), future electric energy demand (FEED), and future base energy demand (FBED) scenarios as 5.640, 8.830, and 7.233 kWh, respectively. The suggested best energy system has a cost of electricity of 0.651, 0.653, and 0.674 $/kWh for the EED, FEED, and FBED, respectively. The best energy system gives the best components with an appropriate operating strategy to provide an efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly system. It is shown that both positive energy policies of the Federal Government of Nigeria toward renewable energy penetration and the support from the oil-producing companies toward their operational areas would see the cost of electricity being significantly reduced. It is envisaged that the implementation of the suggested energy system with other environmentally responsible interventions would support the Niger-Delta's coastline rural communities, whose livelihoods have been impaired by gas and oil exploration, to attain their full environmental and socioeconomic potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy technologies offer the promise of clean, abundant energy gathered from self-renewing resources such as the sun, wind, earth, and plants. Virtually all regions of the world have renewable resources of one type or another. This paper deals with the modeling and analysis of a hybrid system based on renewable energy resources, located on the Mureş valley, using a dedicated software named HOMER. Different types and topologies of renewable resources for the energy supply are analyzed; a small consumer situated on the Mureş Valley is modeled based on a load curve. Finally, the energy flows between the renewable energy system and the local supplying network are analyzed.

Feasibility study of the renewable energy resources is usually employed as a primary step in the design of Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES), to highlight the most potential sources and the best combinations obtained by using HOMER software. Thus, the main objective of this study is to identify the potential areas in Malaysia utilize solar, the wind and Micro Hydropower (MHP) sources. For this purpose, the results of a study accomplished by Ibrahim Hussein in 2010 are considered to obtain sites with the greatest hydropower potential in Malaysia. Then, a renewable energy resource assessment for these sites was performed to identify the sites that have the greatest solar, wind and hydropower potentials based on total Net Present Cost (NPC) comparison. Based on the historical data, a daily pattern emerged in electricity consumption among rural residents in Malaysia. The results of this study indicate Langkawi is the most potential region for the solar/wind combination by the significant difference with other regions (total NPC of 696,083 USD). After Langkawi, Tioman Islands has the second rank (total NPC of 818,931 USD), while villages in Tioman are the most appropriate sites for installing hybrid renewable energy system with the current specifications. In terms of the premiered locations for solar and hydropower potential, four sites at Lawas in Sarawak and Ranau in Sabah were identified as the greatest potential (total NPC of 354,000 USD). These findings demonstrate that Tioman Islands and Malaysian Borneo Island (Sabah and Sarawak) can be considered as the most attractive regions for the solar/wind/MHP and solar/MHP, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target of the paper is to presents an idea about to design, simulation and analysis of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy resources for a typical ATM machine in remote locations. The main task of this paper is to give optimal solution to solve the problems of energy crisis in the globe. In current scenario the non-renewable sources are available in plenty amount to full fill our increasing demand. Considering the above information we have made an effort to analyze advantage of Distributed Generation considering solar power or wind power, alone can fluctuate, when connected together they provide reliable source of energy as diesel generator is used as backup unit for emergency. So the combination of these two forms of energy source with diesel generator provides reliable generation to provide a constant source of energy flow for the designed system. The main motive of this paper is to study feasibility of solar-wind-diesel hybrid power system with maximize the use of non-conventional generation system while minimizing the total system cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of hybrid energy systems comprised of wind, photovoltaic, biomass, and geothermal technologies is growing, mainly as a result of increasing concerns about the environmental impacts caused by fossil fuels. The economic feasibility is examined here of using hybrid systems to supply the energy needs for a household in Tehran, Iran. Wind-photovoltaic-diesel hybrid systems are considered in this investigation. Hydrogen is employed by the diesel generator so as to ensure a clean fuel is used, leading to little environmental impact. In addition, battery storage is utilized in the system reliability assessment. HOMER software is utilized for the economic assessment and optimization. The key factors considered in the investigation are as follows: incident solar radiation, wind speed, electrical demand profile for the household, equipment characteristics, and hydrogen fuel costs. The average daily electricity consumption, averaged over an annual cycle, is 17 kWh/d, and the peak electrical demand is 1.5 kW, for the household considered. The electrical supply system is required to satisfy these requirements. The analysis results from the case study show that, among five hybrid systems for supplying electrical requirements, the most economical is the wind-hydrogen-battery hybrid system, which has a total net present cost of US$63,190 and a cost of energy of US$0.783/kWh (based on 2015 US$). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever increasing and continuously unpredictable fluctuating diesel prices that power electricity generation has detrimental impact on the business climate in an area that fights to move away from recovery of post-conflict situation to a relatively rapid economic development. In view of this, this paper aims to investigate the possibility of supplying electricity from a renewable energy-supplemented hybrid system to Hargeisa, Somaliland׳s major urban center. The city has yet to establish its own standard modern electricity grid. Because of the great need to reduce energy costs in Somaliland, a feasibility study has been carried out on how to supply electricity to a sampled residential load. The electric load consists of only a primary type that is in-line with the present electricity consumption in the area. A software tool, hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER) is used for the analysis. The results of the techno-economic analysis indicate the economic prospect of achieving a 58% of renewable energy (RE) penetration. This consequently reduces the cost of energy (COE) by 30% and the total net present cost (NPC) of the simulated system by a further 25% as compared to a current diesel-only microgrid. The deployment of a hybrid microgrid shows the viability of a better economic prospect than the current “business-as-usual” scenario in Somaliland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of renewable resources is growing, in part due to the environmental impacts caused by fossil fuels. The largest sources of renewable energy are wind and solar and many predict that these energy sources will be increasingly used for distributed generation. In this paper, the feasibility is examined of a grid-independent system applied for a medium-size hotel in Kish Island, Iran. Furthermore, economic optimization is included in the assessment by using the Homer software as the optimization tool. Renewable and non-renewable energy sources (fossil fuels) are considered, and the final adoption of both cases is primarily based on their associated cost and efficiency. Sensitivity analyses are performed to determine the impact on performance of several key parameters: wind speed, solar radiation and fuel costs. The target location in this study is a hotel that has 125 rooms with the total annual electrical energy consumption of 2,628,000 kWh, and a peak demand of about 620 kW. The results of a comprehensive feasibility data analysis along with its economic evaluation indicate that the wind-diesel hybrid system with battery storage is most efficient energy system for supplying the hotel's electrical energy demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsequent to the study of the energy demand and the evaluation of possible available resources in the remote area of Riosucio, Chocó region, Colombia, an analysis is performed on the implementation of three alternative systems of power generation. The first is a micro hydroelectric power station on the Truando River, which includes the design using HOMER software simulation, the costs of building and implementation, and its share in the energy mix. The second system is an array of photovoltaic panels in isolated configuration. This will include the design, via HOMER software simulation, of batteries, panel distribution, inverters, and connections, for a usable specific area restricted by the limited solar resource of the area. Finally, wind power is analyzed, a system that will include the determination of the most suitable turbine for the available wind resource in the area, as well as the analysis of the ideal quantity of wind generators based on its share in the energy mix and associated costs. For each of the assessed systems, a financial analysis and the feasibility are obtained, based on the investment, percentage of energy, and the electricity savings for each of the homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crescent urbanization generates large volumes of solid residues and wastewater, more and more geographically concentrated. This worldwide trend has also created new challenges regarding energy generation and consumption. Renewable energy sources can be strategic to keep up with the increasing energy demand, especially for under developing countries whose population is large. This study focuses on designing a hybrid system based on photovoltaic energy, biomass gasifier, and electricity grid to optimize the energy supply and the costs of a wastewater treatment plant (based on activated sludge system with extended aeration, high energy-demanding process). The optimal combination of energy technologies, with and without electric energy generation from biogas combustion derived from anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, was assessed to define the better cost-effective arrangement. The cost of energy for an off-grid biomass gasifier standing alone is USD 0.0426/kWh. However, in a grid-connected system including photovoltaic energy and biomass gasifier, the cost was reduced to USD 0.0298/kWh with an energy surplus available to supply the whole facility requirement and enough to supply 788,000 residential power consumers. The hybrid combination with biogas combustion can be an alternative for medium-sized wastewater treatment plants, promoting economic and environmental benefits. Moreover, the results of this case study could be applied to other similar facilities towards cleaner and optimized sewage sludge recycling. [Display omitted] • Hybrid systems for energy supply in a wastewater treatment plant were assessed. • Biogas from sewage sludge anaerobic digestion can be converted into electric energy. • The electricity surplus derived from biogas combustion can be sold to the grid. • The adoption of anaerobic digestion could reduce the current energy cost by 77%. • The hybrid combination system proposed is technically and economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]