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Energy complementarity is a promising approach in the realm of renewable energy systems, enabling the integration of multiple energy sources to achieve a stable and sustainable power supply. This paper presents a comprehensive solar-wind complementarity study encompassing all regions of Morocco. A novel method for assessing complementarity is introduced, utilizing a fluctuation approach that classifies the power output of each source based on the median and the standard deviation. The classifications of both solar and wind sources are then combined to establish a basis for complementary classification, categorizing each day as complementary, non-complementary, low-complementary, or concurrent for both sources. An innovative complementarity index is proposed, ranging from 0 to 1, with values closer to 1 indicating high complementarity. This index is applicable to any location and is used to generate maps illustrating solar-wind complementarity. Additionally, dominance metric is derived from this approach that indicates which source is most likely to complement the other source. The results reveal that temporal complementarity is high in the internal Northern regions reaching indices above 0.7, followed by the Northern coastal regions with indices that range between 0.6 and 0.7. The lowest complementarity occurs in the South with indices below 0.6. Additionally, the complementarity plots that displays the monthly indices reveled, for most regions, that complementarity maintains certain level except in the summer where it peaks or drops. The solar dominance is higher in the South reaching above 60 %, even though the wind potential is important in those regions. For spatial complementarity, two locations were considered and the method is applied for four scenarios: solar-wind, wind-solar, solar-solar and wind-wind. Results favor all the combinations except for the solar-solar scenario. The suggested index yields similar results to Kendall's tau correlation. The negative correlation index indicates high complementarity when positive and a low complementarity when close to −1. For this approach, it is not limited to the degree complementarity but can describe other states of complementarity and its frequency of occurrence compared to other states. This provides additional insights compared to the commonly used correlation methods. The proposed method contributes to a more profound understanding of complementarity between two energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a wind speed analysis is conducted using Reanalysis wind speed data for the height of 50 meters using five probability distributions that were tested and compared using the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) for estimating the distributions parameters and three goodness-of-fit tests for selecting the best fitting one, namely the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and the Anderson-Darling (AD). The wind roses, histograms, wind map and the wind power density maps were established. For complementarity between solar and wind, an assessment based on energy fluctuations is adopted and a new complementarity metric is proposed. Using reanalysis data and satellite-based data, a wind turbine model and a PV systems output data are used. This method uses a combination of normalization and a distance metric. Firstly, the outliers are removed, then the daily power output data for PV and Wind turbine are scaled using the minimum-maximum normalization. This normalization transforms both energies data into the same range of 0-1, where the minimum is equal to 0 and the maximum is equal to 1, while conserving its structure, hence, this allows for comparison between the two sources and identify days with high complementarity, for instance when one source is close to 1 and the other is close to zero. For complementarity assessment, the Euclidean distance is adopted. This distance is calculated for each between the normalized values of both sources, and it is between 0 and 1; higher distance indicates high complementarity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]