16 results on '"Gils, Hans Christian"'
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2. The effect of different modeling approaches and model scopes on the results of large-scale power system planning models with sector coupling
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Gils, Hans Christian and Gardian, Hedda
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energy systems modelling ,REMix ,model comparison ,model experiment ,renewable energy - Published
- 2022
3. Modellexperiment zur hoch aufgelösten Untersuchung des zukünftigen Lastausgleichs im Stromsystem – Ein szenariobasierter Vergleich von Modellierungen
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Gardian, Hedda, Gils, Hans Christian, Kittel, Martin, Schill, Wolf-Peter, Zerrahn, Alexander, Murmann, Alexander, Launer, Jann, Fehler, Alexander, Gaumnitz, Felix, van Ouwerkerk, Jonas, Bußar, Christian, Mikurda, Jennifer, Torralba-Díaz, Laura, Janßen, Tomke, and Krüger, Christine
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energy storage ,model comparison ,MODEX ,renewable energy ,energy sector coupling - Published
- 2021
4. The Contribution of Flexible Sector Coupling to �Fully Renewable Electricity Generation in Australia
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Gils, Hans Christian, Scholz, Yvonne, and Gardian, Hedda
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REMix ,energy planning ,hydrogen ,energy system optimization ,renewable energy - Published
- 2020
5. Energy storage in an integrated energy system
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Gils, Hans Christian
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Renewable energy ,sector integration ,energy system transformation ,sector coupling - Published
- 2018
6. Need for flexible energy sector integration from a system and market perspective - the German policy approach
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Gils, Hans Christian
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Renewable energy ,sector integration ,energy system transformation ,sector coupling - Published
- 2018
7. Targeting a 100% renewable energy system: The Cases of Brazil and the Canary Islands
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Simon, Sonja, Gils, Hans Christian, and Fichter, Tobias
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REMix ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,Normative energy scenario ,Energy system modelling ,Canary Islands ,Renewable Energy ,MESAP-PlaNet ,Brazil - Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for the development of normative energy scenarios. The focus is on cross-sectoral transformation pathways towards a completely renewable energy supply. By using the REMix energy model, which is temporal and spatially highly resolved, the least-cost power supply structure is assessed. The model also calculates additional storage and grid capacity necessary for the target year 2050. By analyzing the interactions of different technologies and sectors we provide a basis for the backcasting of a transformation pathway. This is carried out by a simulation model within the MESAP-PlaNet environment, covering the heat, transport & power sectors. We present and compare feasible transformation pathways towards a 100% renewable energy supply for two case studies, the Canary Islands and Brazil.
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- 2017
8. Reducing computing times in optimizing energy system models – challenges and opportunities
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Cebulla, Felix, Cao, Karl-Kien, Wetzel, Manuel, Fiand, Frederik, and Gils, Hans Christian
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Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,Energy systems modeling ,optimization ,renewable energy - Abstract
Energy systems based on renewable resources are characterized by a high number of decentralized components as well as by an increasing importance of storage, grid, and demand response. State-of-the-art energy system models reflect this growing complexity by combining a comprehensive representation of energy sectors and technologies with a high spatial and temporal resolution. However, such high level of detail is typically associated with long solving times of the models. The reduction of the latter is urgently required and the need for guidelines for a reasonable balance between degree of detail and solution time is pressing. The BEAM-ME project addresses these questions by improved computing power and efficiency in energy systems modelling. The German Aerospace Center is the principal investigator on the modelling side, while the project gathers various partners with complementary expertise in the fields of optimization algorithms, high performance computing, and application development. This talk provides an overview and evaluation of conceptual and technical strategies identified so far to reduce the model solution time of the REMix energy system model. Moreover, an insight in the implementation and assessment of selected speed-up strategies is provided. Finally, conclusions from the first project results are drawn and an outlook on the subsequent works is given.
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- 2017
9. Flexibility demand in long–term energy scenarios in the U.S. – First results of a case study for New England
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Cebulla, Felix, Gils, Hans Christian, and Jacobson, M.Z.
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storage ,REMix ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,New England ,Combined Heat and Power ,renewable energy ,Flexibility demand - Abstract
Greenhouse gas reduction is one of the main challenges toward obtaining a more sustainable energy system. The diffusion of electricity generation technologies that rely on renewable resources is one promising option to tackle this problem. However, the temporal mismatch of intermittent electricity generation (e.g. from wind power or photovoltaics) and load requires an increase in flexibility of the future energy system, for example provided by storage, dispatchable generation, or demand response. We quantify the potential contribution of an enhanced coupling between the electricity and heating sectors to balance intermittent renewable power generation in highly renewable energy scenarios for the U.S., focusing on the New England region (ISONE). For this purpose, a multi–sectoral approach is applied, combining the scenario construction methodology of the Stanford University with the cost optimizing capacity expansion and dispatch model REMix (Renewable Energy Mix). A particular focus lies on the flexible operation of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants and electric heat pumps (HP) enabled by thermal energy storage. Moreover, we evaluate the interaction and competition with alternative flexibility options, including power transmission, electric energy storage and controlled charging of battery electric vehicles (BEV).
- Published
- 2017
10. Ausgleich fluktuierender erneuerbarer Stromerzeugung durch Lastmanagement und thermische Energiespeicher
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Gils, Hans Christian and Thess, André (Prof. Dr. rer. nat.)
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Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,333.7 ,Erneuerbare Energien ,Demand Response ,Thermische Energiespeicher ,Erneuerbare Energien , Wärmespeicher , Elektrizitätsbedarf , Fernwärmeversorgung ,Thermal Energy Storage ,Demand Side Management ,Lastmanagement , Energiesystemmodellierung ,Demand Response , Thermal Energy Storage , Renewable Energy , Energy System Modelling , District Heating ,Energy System Modelling ,Lastmanagement ,Renewable Energy ,Energiesystemmodellierung - Abstract
Balancing of intermittent renewable power generation from wind and solar energy is one of the central challenges within the energy system transformation towards a more sustainable supply. This work addresses the potential role of flexible electric loads and power-controlled operation of combined heat and power (CHP) plants in meeting increasing balancing needs in Germany. It conducts an enhancement of the cross-sectoral REMix model, which is designed for the preparation and assessment of energy supply scenarios based on a system representation in high spatial and temporal resolution. The analysis is composed of three fundamental parts. The first part is dedicated to the quantification of theoretical potentials for demand response (DR), district heating (DH) and industrial CHP in Europe. Special attention is given to the geographic distribution of potentials, as well as the derivation of hourly heat and electricity demand profiles. In the second part, the linear optimization model within REMix is extended by DR and the heating sector, enabling economic assessments of the balancing function of flexible electric loads and power-controlled heat supply. In the third part, REMix is applied to assess the future energy supply in Germany, making use of the model enhancements and identified potentials. In order to account for different renewable energy (RE) and grid capacity development paths, as well as transport and heat sector structures, nine scenarios are considered. For each scenario, least-cost dimensioning and operation of DR capacities, as well as heat supply systems are evaluated. According to the REMix results, the application of DR is mostly limited to short time peak shaving of the residual load. This implies that its focus is on the provision of power, not energy. As a consequence of different cost structures, the exploitation of available DR potentials is attributed almost exclusively to industrial and commercial sector loads, whereas those in the residential sector are hardly accessed. The model results indicate that the temporal availability of DR potentials, as well as their characteristic intervention and shift times are particularly suited for a combination with PV power generation. In the simulations, power-controlled heat supply has proven to be an effective measure to increase RE integration. It is achieved by a modified operation pattern of CHP and - to a lower extent - heat pumps (HP) enabled by thermal energy storage (TES) on the one hand, and an utilization of surplus power for heating purposes on the other. Due to the greater potential and thus longer storage times of TES, as well as the comparatively low investment costs of electric boilers, an enhanced coupling between power and heat sector is found to be especially favorable in combination with wind power utilization. Load shifting across all sectors provides substantial amounts of positive balancing power, which can substitute other firm generation capacity. The highest load reduction is achieved by controlled electric vehicle charging, lower contributions come from adjusted HP operation and other DR. As a consequence of higher RE integration, load shifting and power-controlled heat supply can contribute substantially to CO2 emission reductions in Germany. However, this is only the case if the additional balancing potentials are not applied as well for an economically motivated shift in power generation from low-emitting to high-emitting fuels. Furthermore, load flexibility and enhanced power-heat-coupling can enable energy supply cost reductions, arising from the substitution of back-up power plant capacity on the one hand, and a more cost-efficient power and heat supply on the other. The model application reveals that electric load shifting and power-controlled CHP operation are not competing but complementary measures in the realization of higher RE integration and lower back-up capacity demand. Negative interferences between both balancing options are found to be very small. On the contrary, they even promote each other, for example in the reduction of RE curtailments. Based on the REMix results it can be concluded that both DR and power-controlled heat supply enabled by TES are important elements in a future German energy system mainly relying on renewable sources., Der Ausgleich der fluktuierenden Stromerzeugung aus Wind- und Solarkraftwerken stellt eine der zentralen Herausforderungen der Energiewende dar. In dieser Arbeit werden die möglichen Beiträge des Lastmanagements (LM) und des stromgeführten Betriebs von Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungs-Anlagen (KWK) zur Deckung des zukünftigen Lastausgleichsbedarfs in Deutschland untersucht. Die Analyse basiert auf einer Erweiterung des sektorenübergreifenden Energiesystemmodells REMix, welches die Bewertung von Versorgungssystemen in hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung ermöglicht. Die Analyse erfolgt in drei wesentlichen Schritten. Der erste Teil der Arbeit ist der Bewertung der theoretischen Einsatzpotenziale des LM, sowie der netzgebundenen und industriellen KWK gewidmet. Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf der räumlichen Verteilung der Potenziale und der Ableitung stündlicher Wärme- und Strombedarfsprofile. Im zweiten Teil erfolgt eine Erweiterung des Optimierungsmodells in REMix um LM und den Wärmesektor. Diese ermöglicht eine ökonomische Bewertung der verschiedenen Lastausgleichsoptionen. Im dritten Teil wird das erweiterte REMix-Modell auf eine Untersuchung der zukünftigen Energieversorgung Deutschlands angewendet. Dabei werden neun Szenarien in Betracht gezogen, die sich im Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien (EE), Speichern und Stromnetzen, sowie den Versorgungsstrukturen im Wärme- und Verkehrssektor unterscheiden. Für jedes Szenario erfolgt eine kostenminimierende Optimierung des Ausbaus und Einsatzes der verschiedenen Lastausgleichsoptionen. Die REMix-Ergebnisse zeigen, dass LM in erster Linie zur Senkung der residualen Spitzenlast eingesetzt wird; der Fokus liegt folglich auf der Bereitstellung von Leistung, nicht von Arbeit. Aus der angenommenen Kostenstruktur ergibt sich, dass sich die Ausschöpfung der Potenziale nahezu aus-schließlich auf die Industrie und den Gewerbesektor beschränkt, während jene in den Haushalten ungenutzt bleiben. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die zeitliche Verfügbarkeit flexibler Lasten und deren typische Verschiebedauern besonders für eine Kombination mit Photovoltaikstrom geeignet sind. Stromgeführte Wärmeerzeugung erweist sich als eine wirkungsvolle Maßnahme der EE-Integration. Diese wird einerseits durch einen dem EE-Dargebot angepassten Betrieb von KWK und Wärmepumpen mit thermischem Speicher, und andererseits durch die Nutzung von Überschussstrom zur Wärmeerzeugung bewirkt. Aufgrund der längeren Speicherdauern und größeren Einsatzpotenziale thermischer Speicher und der geringen Investitionskosten elektrischer Kessel erscheint eine verbesserte Kopplung zwischen Strom- und Wärmesektor vor allem in Regionen hoher Windenergienutzung zielführend. Über alle Sektoren hinweg kann Strombedarfsflexibilität für die Bereitstellung positiver Ausgleichsleistung genutzt werden und somit die Vorhaltung von Kraftwerken ersetzen. Die höchste Bedarfsreduktion ergibt sich dabei durch das gesteuerte Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen, bei geringeren Beiträgen durch einen angepassten Wärmepumpenbetrieb sowie weiteres LM. Durch die Vermeidung der Abregelung von EE-Anlagen können LM und stromgeführter KWK-Betrieb einen Beitrag zur Senkung der CO2-Emissionen leisten. Dies gilt jedoch nur wenn sie nicht vorwiegend für eine Steigerung der Stromerzeugung aus günstigeren, aber kohlenstoffintensiven Brennstoffen genutzt werden. Darüber hinaus können die zusätzlichen Lastausgleichstechnologien durch einen geringeren Bedarf an Reservekraftwerken, sowie günstigere Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung auch die Energieversorgungskosten senken. Die REMix-Fallstudie zeigt, dass sich LM und stromgeführte KWK in der Erwirkung einer höheren EE-Integration und der Reduktion des Kraftwerksbedarfs ergänzen. Gegenseitige Beeinträchtigungen zwischen beiden Lastausgleichsoptionen sind gering; vielmehr begünstigen sie einander sogar z.B. hinsichtlich der Vermeidung von EE-Abregelung. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass LM und eine verbesserte Kopplung zwischen Strom- und Wärmesektor wichtige Elemente einer überwiegend auf erneuerbaren Quellen basierenden Energieversorgung Deutschlands sind.
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- 2016
- Full Text
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11. Commercialization of hydrogen energy in Baden-Württemberg – Framework and perspectives
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Bünger, Ulrich, Michalski, Jan, Zerhusen, Jan, Borggrefe, Frieder, Pregger, Thomas, Gils, Hans Christian, Kleiner, Florian, Pagenkopf, Johannes, and Schmid, Stephan
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hydrogen ,energy system modelling ,renewable energy - Published
- 2015
12. 100% Renewable Energy Supply for Brazil-The Role of Sector Coupling and Regional Development.
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Gils, Hans Christian, Simon, Sonja, and Soria, Rafael
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *BIOMASS energy , *WATER power , *CARBON offsetting , *WIND power , *SOLAR energy - Abstract
With its abundance of renewable energy potentials, not only for hydropower and bioenergy, but also for wind and solar, Brazil provides good prospects for a carbon neutral energy system. The role of an enhanced coupling of the power, heat and transport sectors in such systems is not yet fully understood. This paper analyses the least-cost composition and operation of a fully renewable power supply system as part of a carbon neutral energy supply in Brazil. It relies on the application of the high-resolution energy system model REMix. Our analysis reveals that the expansion of wind and solar power is more cost-efficient than the construction of additional hydroelectric plants. This is favoured because the existing hydroelectric plants offer large capacity of dispatchable power to compensate for fluctuations, and thus no additional storage is necessary. Furthermore, the REMix analysis indicates that varying shares of solar and wind power technologies as well as the spatial distribution of power generation have only a small influence on supply costs. This implies that the transformation strategy in Brazil can be primarily based on other criteria such as regional development, public acceptance, environmental impact or industrial policy without major impacts on system costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
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13. Carbon neutral archipelago – 100% renewable energy supply for the Canary Islands.
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Gils, Hans Christian and Simon, Sonja
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CARBON offsetting , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ARCHIPELAGOES , *HEAT transfer , *ELECTRIC vehicle batteries - Abstract
As many other small islands and archipelagos, the Canary Islands depend to a high degree on energy imports. Despite its small surface, the archipelago has a high potential for renewable energy (RE) technologies. In this paper, we present a scenario pathway to a 100% RE supply in the Canary Islands by 2050. It relies on a back-casting approach linking the bottom-up accounting framework Mesap-PlaNet and the high resolution power system model REMix. Our analysis shows that locally available technology potentials are sufficient for a fully renewable supply of the islands’ power, heat, and land transport energy demands. To follow the pathway for achieving a carbon neutral supply, expansion of RE technology deployment needs to be accelerated in the short-term and efforts towards greater energy efficiency must be increased. According to our results, an extended linkage between energy sectors through electric vehicles as well as electric heating, and the usage of synthetic hydrogen can contribute notably to the integration of intermittent RE power generation. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of power transmission in RE supply systems. Supply costs are found 15% lower in a scenario considering sea cable connections between all islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
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14. Economic potential for future demand response in Germany – Modeling approach and case study.
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Gils, Hans Christian
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ELECTRIC power consumption , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ELECTRIC power production , *ENERGY economics , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
The activation of demand response (DR) potentials offered by electricity consumer flexibility is one promising option for providing balancing power and energy in supply systems with high share of variable renewable energy (VRE) power generation. In this paper, a model-based assessment of the economic DR potential in Germany is presented. It relies on the extension of the REMix energy system model by flexible electric loads. In a case study considering a future German power supply system with a VRE share of 70%, possible cost reductions achieved by investment in DR are quantified. The sensitivity of the results to changes in the assumed DR costs and characteristics are analyzed in additional simulations. The results show that the major benefit of employing DR is its ability to substitute peak power generation capacity, whereas the impact on the integration of VRE power generation is lower. This implies that the focus of DR is on the provision of power, not energy. Even at rather pessimistic cost DR assumptions, more than 5 GW of power plant capacity can be substituted. Consumer flexibility furthermore triggers an increase in the operation of back-up power plants, whereas it decreases the utilization of pumped storage hydro stations. In the model results, the reductions in annual power supply costs achieved by DR add up to several hundreds of millions of Euros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
- Full Text
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15. A sensitivity analysis on large-scale electrical energy storage requirements in Europe under consideration of innovative storage technologies.
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Moser, Massimo, Gils, Hans-Christian, and Pivaro, Gabriel
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COMPRESSED air , *ELECTRICAL energy , *ENERGY storage , *COMPRESSED air energy storage , *SOLID oxide fuel cells , *LOAD management (Electric power) , *SENSITIVITY analysis , *HEAT storage - Abstract
As the share of variable renewable energies in the power system increases, so does the need for flexibility options. These include, inter alia, energy storage, network optimization and expansion, and demand side management. In this paper, a broad sensitivity analysis is carried out to assess the potential role of innovative electrical energy storage technologies in comparison to well-established ones. The innovative technologies considered include compressed heat energy storage, adiabatic compressed air energy storage, power-to-heat-to-power storage, and reversible solid oxide fuel cells storage. To this aim, the cost-optimizing energy system model REMix has been applied to analyze the impact of main techno-economic parameters of electrical energy storages on their role in the future European power supply system. Two main studies have been calculated. The first one deals with a cost sensitivity analysis on a generic storage technology. Among the main findings is that – beside cost – the ratio between photovoltaics and wind power potentials in a particular region have a relevant impact on the capacity as well as on the energy to power ratio of the installed storages. In addition, a strong competition has been observed between energy storages and gas turbines. The second scenario evaluates the competition between well-established and innovative energy storage technologies. The results show that while some of the regions – namely southern Europe, alpine regions and Scandinavia – mainly rely on pumped hydro storage, in most of Central European regions and United Kingdom the cost optimal solution consists of a mix of pumped hydro storage (totaling 64.2 TWh/y of discharged energy in Europe), hydrogen underground storage (45.1 TWh/y) and batteries (27.1 TWh/y), with an additional small share of power-to-heat-to-power storages (0.1 TWh/y). In line with earlier studies, hydrogen storage is found mostly in regions with high wind power supply, while the distribution of batteries is more spread overall in Europe. The model results underline the high sensitivity of the economic efficiency of storage facilities to the investment costs and their components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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16. Comparison of spatially and temporally resolved energy system models with a focus on Germany's future power supply.
- Author
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Gils, Hans Christian, Pregger, Thomas, Flachsbarth, Franziska, Jentsch, Mareike, and Dierstein, Constantin
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WIND power , *SOLAR energy , *POWER resources , *DATA structures , *ENERGY futures - Abstract
• New approach of systematic model comparison with harmonized input data. • Lessons learnt from a model experiment with four high resolution power system models. • Identification of impacts of different technology modelling approaches on the results. • Detailed results of three scenarios for the German power supply system in 2050. • New quantitative results for the future use of different load balancing options. Energy system models usually have different data structures and mathematical approaches and therefore arrive at different results that are mostly not directly comparable. This aspect has a high relevance with regard to model-based scenario analyses for future energy systems. In addition, the variable nature of wind and solar power and their intended further expansion raise new questions of increasing complexity, such as the future role of different load balancing options. In this context the present contribution adds a new approach of systematic model comparison considering energy system models with a regional and hourly resolution. We carried out a model experiment under conditions that allow for a transparent comparison of modelling approaches and thus link differences in the results with properties of the models. The analysis includes different scenarios for a mostly renewable power system with sector coupling for Germany. The quantitative results reveal the impact of different technology modelling approaches when using input data that are as identical as possible. In addition the analysis provides new conclusions for the possible role of different load balancing options and the robustness of the underlying modelling. Furthermore, it provides insight into the lessons learnt from designing an energy system model experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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