Search

At the Siberian lidar station, long-term measurements of the ozone vertical distribution are continued at the sensing wavelength pairs of 299 and 341 nm, 308 and 353 nm. The report presents a quasi-three-year seasonal model of vertical ozone profiles formed in recent years, obtained using the differential absorption lidar complex of the Siberian lidar station and the Aura, MetOp satellites in the upper troposphere - stratosphere. A typical seasonal feature of the vertical ozone distribution in Western Siberia is presented. The ozone profiles were retrieved using the vertical temperature distribution from the meteorological satellite data. We analyzed how the existing sets of absorption cross sections influence the deviation of the ozone profiles, retrieved with their application, from the Krueger model and the quasi-three-year model. Since 2021, measurements have been performed at the lidar station with different spatial resolutions from 10 m to 100 m. An analysis and estimation of how different spatial resolutions influence the error of retrieving ozone profile from lidar and satellite measurements in 2021 was conducted.

In the report we compare the vertical ozone profiles, measured using lidar complex of differential absorption at Siberian Lidar Station (SLS), against profiles, obtained using data from AURA meteorological satellite. Lidar and satellite measurements of ozone in the lower troposphere-stratosphere over Tomsk are analyzed, as well as data from meteorological stations closest to the city. The results obtained are an indirect confirmation of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of air masses.

A lidar system was designed on the basis of parametric light generation with nonlinear KTA and KTP crystals, which allow turning laser radiation in the near and mid infrared spectral regions. Lidar echoes were experimentally detected in the 1.8–2.5 and 3–4 μm wavelengths ranges.

Prototypes of a typical automated station for monitoring the atmospheric composition and state, as well as lidars and sodars, have been designed and manufactured within the project, which are to be the components of monitoring stations. Experimental tests of the instruments confirmed their designed-in specifications and functions. For contact measurements of air parameters, a complex air monitoring station and an aerosol multiwave diffusion spectrometer have been also designed and manufactured in accordance with technical assignment requirements. The measurement results have shown a continuous increase in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, as well as a renewed increase in the methane concentration in the layer from 0 to 7 km.

In the report, we analyze the dada of lidar measurements of aerosol and ozone optical characteristics in the stratosphere over Tomsk. The vertical ozone profiles, obtained in March 2017 with the help of differential absorption lidar at the Siberian Lidar Station, are compared with profiles, retrieved according to data from Meteorological Operational satellite programme (MetOp) satellite developed by the European Space Agency (ESA).

The Siberian Lidar Station created at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics and operating in Tomsk (56.5° N, 85.0° E) is a unique atmospheric observatory. It combines up-to-date instruments for remote laser and passive sounding for the study of aerosol and cloud fields, air temperature and humidity, and ozone and gaseous components of the ozone cycles. In addition to controlling a wide range of atmospheric parameters, the observatory allows simultaneous monitoring of the atmosphere throughout the valuable altitude range 0–75 km. In this paper, the instruments and results received at the Station are described.

This paper introduces the technique of retrieving the profiles of vertical distribution of ozone considering temperature and aerosol correction in DIAL sounding of the atmosphere. The authors determine wavelengths, which are promising for measurements of ozone profiles in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere. An ozone differential absorption lidar is designed for the measurements. The results of applying the developed technique to the retrieval of the vertical profiles of ozone considering temperature and aerosol correction in the altitude range 6–15 km in DIAL sounding of the atmosphere confirm the prospects of ozone sounding at selected wavelengths of 341 and 299 nm with the proposed lidar. The 2015 ozone profiles retrieved were compared with satellite IASI data and the Kruger model.

Siberian Lidar Station created at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS and operating in Tomsk (56.5° N, 85.0° E) is a unique atmospheric observatory. It combines up-to-date instruments for remote laser and passive sounding for the study of aerosol and cloud fields, air temperature and humidity, and ozone and gaseous components of the ozone cycles. In addition to controlling a wide range of atmospheric parameters, the observatory allows simultaneous monitoring of the atmosphere throughout the valuable altitude range 0–75 km. In this paper, the instruments and results received at the Station are described.

The paper introduces the technique of recovering profiles of ozone vertical distribution considering temperature and aerosol correction in atmosphere lidar sounding by DIAL. The authors have determined wavelengths, promising to measure ozone profiles in the upper troposphere — lower stratosphere. To obtain promptly the results of the methodology the authors developed the software based on DIAL with user-friendly interface in the programming language C# using the lidar measurements. The recovered ozone profiles, resulting from the program operation, were compared with IASI satellite data and Kruger model. The results of applying the developed technique to recover the profiles of ozone vertical distribution considering temperature and aerosol correction in the altitude range of 6–18 km in lidar atmosphere sounding by DIAL confirm the prospects of using the selected wavelengths of ozone sensing 341 and 299 nm in the ozone lidar.

In the present work, systematic errors of lidar gas analysis in the atmosphere by the differential absorption lidar method in the near-and middle-IR ranges of the spectrum are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the systematic errors depend on many factors, including the meteorological parameters and concentrations of the examined gases along the sensing path, instability of the spectral parameters of laser radiation lines, shift of the absorption line centers caused by the air pressure, Doppler broadening of backscattered signals, and other sources of errors. Methods of error minimization in reconstructing lidar profiles of the examined atmospheric gas concentrations are suggested.

The paper presents the results of DIAL measurements of the vertical ozone distribution at the Siberian lidar station. Sensing is performed according to the method of differential absorption and scattering at wavelength pair of 299/341 nm, which are, respectively, the first and second Stokes components of SRS conversion of 4th harmonic of Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) in hydrogen. Lidar with receiving mirror 0.5 m in diameter is used to implement sensing of vertical ozone distribution in altitude range of 6-16 km. The temperature correction of zone absorption coefficients is introduced in the software to reduce the retrieval errors.

The Siberian Lidar Station created at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics and operating in Tomsk (56.5° N, 85.0° E) is a unique atmospheric observatory. It combines up-to-date instruments for remote laser and passive sounding for the study of aerosol and cloud fields, air temperature and humidity, and ozone and gaseous components of the ozone cycles. In addition to controlling a wide range of atmospheric parameters, the observatory allows simultaneous monitoring of the atmosphere throughout the valuable altitude range 0–75 km. In this paper, the instruments and results received at the Station are described.

The applicability of a KTA crystal-based laser system with optical parametric oscillators (OPO) generation to lidar sounding of the atmosphere in the spectral range 3–4 μm is studied in this work. A technique developed for lidar sounding of trace atmospheric gases (TAG) is based on differential absorption lidar (DIAL) method and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). The DIAL-DOAS technique is tested to estimate its efficiency for lidar sounding of atmospheric trace gases. The numerical simulation performed shows that a KTA-based OPO laser is a promising source of radiation for remote DIAL-DOAS sounding of the TAGs under study along surface tropospheric paths. A possibility of using a PD38-03-PR photodiode for the DIAL gas analysis of the atmosphere is shown.

We describe an ozone lidar and consider an algorithm for retrieving the ozone concentration, taking into consideration the aerosol correction. Results of lidar measurements at wavelengths 299 and 341 nm well agree with model estimates, indicating that ozone is sensed with acceptable accuracies in the altitude range of about 6-18 km. It should be noted that the retrieved profiles of altitude distribution of ozone concentration more closely resemble those from satellite data than according to Krueger model. A lidar is developed and put into operation at Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) to measure the vertical ozone distribution (VOD) in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere. Sensing is performed according to the method of differential absorption and scattering at wavelength pair 299/341 nm, which are respectively the first and second Stokes components of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) conversion of the fourth harmonic of Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) in hydrogen.

Possibilities of N 2 O and NO 2 sounding in the 3–4 μm range along tropospheric paths are estimated on the basis of numerical simulation. The results are presented of search for information-bearing wavelengths and calculation of lidar echo signals during differential-absorption gas sounding.

In this work, a search for information-bearing mid-IR wavelengths for HCl and HBr sounding with a differential absorption lidar based on an optical parametric oscillator has been carried out. Lidar echo signals have been calculated at the wavelengths chosen during sounding of gas components along vertical paths 0–5 km long. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

In the report, we describe the software developed to retrieve the ozone altitude profiles from data of lidar measurements. The software is written in the programming language С#. At present, the C# language is one of the most advanced and modern programming languages. Many programs are written in this language since it is very easy to understand. The software makes it possible to calculate the ozone altitude profiles according to the method of differential absorption and scattering for three wavelength pairs 272/289 nm, 299/341 nm, and 308/353 nm. These wavelength pairs were chosen in view of the availability of lidar measurement data. The software has a suitable graphical interface, which displays all the steps of retrieving the ozone profiles in real time. The software makes it possible: to read off the lidar data and write the retrieval results in ASCII format; and smooth the lidar signals and the retrieval results with sliding averaging. The temperature correction of zone absorption coefficients is introduced in the software to reduce the retrieval errors. The aerosol backscattering is several times stronger than molecular backscattering when aerosol loading of the atmosphere is large; therefore, the retrieved ozone profile is substantially distorted when the scattering and attenuating properties of the atmosphere at the sensing wavelengths are not taken into consideration. An aerosol correction is introduced in this software. The latitudinally average seasonal model values of the altitudinal distribution of temperature and molecular backscattering coefficient for winter and summer are introduced in the software for the calculation.

This paper reports the development of LIDAS (LIdar Differential Absorption Sensing) program-algorithmic system for laser remote sensing of minor gas constituents (MGCs) of the atmosphere by the differential absorption method (DIAL). The system includes modules for the search of wavelengths informative for laser gas analysis by the differential absorption method, for numerical simulation of lidar sensing of atmospheric MGCs, and for calculation of errors of methodical, atmospheric, spectral, and instrumental origin. Lidar sensing of gas constituents by the differential absorption method as applied to problems of sensing of atmospheric MGCs is simulated numerically. Results of experiments on remote sensing of gas constituents of the atmosphere with the use of СО laser are presented.

Possibilities of using an overtone CO laser in the mid-IR range for lidar measurements of air humidity and temperature profiles by the differential absorption method have been studied. Wavelengths for lidar measurements of meteorological parameters are selected. Spatial and spectrally resolved lidar signals, as well as random errors of retrieval of profiles of the atmospheric meteorological parameters, have been calculated using the wavelengths.

Based both on substantianed criteria for the selection of absorption lines and on a proposed algorithm for the calculation of the atmospheric transmission, a technique to search for informative wavelengths is developed for lidar gas analysis by a differential absorption lidar (DIAL). This technique can be applied to any spectral region upon condition that data on a laser source are supplied. Results of the search for the informative probe light wavelengths in the mid-IR spectral region are presented. A possibility to use an overtone CO-laser for lidar sensing the trace atmospheric constituents has been examined. The calculation confirm that the application of the overtone CO-laser is promising for remote gas analysis of the atmosphere.

A technique is developed to plan and conduct lidar profiling of temperature and humidity by the DIAL (differential absorption lidar) method in the lower troposphere. The technique proposed has been tested in the near IR region when designing a meteorological lidar based on the Ti:Sapphire laser. The DIAL and correlation methods were used in the meteolidar complex for measurements of the main atmospheric parameters: temperature, humidity, wind velocity and direction. The possibility of this lidar complex for remote determination of the main meteorological parameters is investigated. The accuracy of the measurements is estimated.

The subject of this paper is an estimation of possibility of gas analysis by differential absorption lidars (DIAL) based on gas lasers ofthe middle IR spectrum range. for onboard sensing o!atiiospheric water vapor and carbonic oxide concentration profiles is analyzed. CO and (iD: frequency converter has chosen. The results of an estimation of methane leakage detection from pipelines by onboard lidar are submitted. l- The subject of this paper is an estimation of possibility of gas analysis by differential absorption lidars (DIAL) based OF gas lasers of the middle IR spectrum range. The potential of lidar systems based on CO2 laser with radiation frequency converter for ground and onboard sensing of atmospheric water vapor and carbonic oxide concentration profiles is analyzed. Possibilities of NO and NO2 emission detection in ground atmospheric layers using converted frequencies of CO and CO2 laser radiation in onboard DIAL are discussed. Absorption lines for methane and ammonia sensing by lidar system based on tunable TEA CO2 laser with frequency converter has chosen. The results of an estimation of methane leakage detection from pipelines by onboard lidar are submitted. Applicability of the DF laser in onboard DIAL for a control of atmospheric gases is reported.© (2007) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The possibilities of applying a fluorescent lidar based on the second harmonic of Nd:YAG laser to study vegetation under natural conditions are analyzed. The dynamics of development has been studied for several species of arboreous plants grown in Western Siberia in a five-year measurement cycle. The fluorescent lidar developed has been used for identification of plant species and for investigation of fading processes caused by adverse environment. It is shown that the fluorescent signal can be used for remote detection of plant stresses at earlier stages, when there are no visible symptoms. For the first time the quantitative relations are established between the intensity of red nanosecond fluorescence and the chlorophyll concentration in needles and leaves of the most typical representatives of West-Siberian arboreous plants. Fluorescent data were checked using the traditional spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric data and lidar measurements were used to calibrate the lidar, and this calibration has allowed the chlorophyll concentration in arboreous plants to be determined from the ratio of signals of laser-induced fluorescence.© (2007) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A technique is developed to plan and conduct lidar profiling of temperature and humidity by the DIAL (differential absorption lidar) method in the lower troposphere. The technique proposed has been tested in the near JR region when designing a meteorological lidar based on the Ti:Sapphire laser. The DIAL and correlation methods were used in the meteolidar complex for measurements of the main atmospheric parameters: temperature humidity wind velocity and direction. The possibility of this lidar complex for remote determination of the main meteorological parameters is investigated. The accuracy ofthe measurements is estimated.

The development of the techniques for spaceborne detecting gas anomalies in the lower atmosphere is very important. The results of the Kioto protocol, an extended use of hydrocarbon raw material, the occurrence of new chemical emissions call for further realization of global control over gaseous contaminations in the atmosphere. A spaceborne location of sensors is very promising for solving this problem. In this case the light automatic satellites, oriented to a limited area of application, are the most promising. As a rule, for such satellites the orbits at 500 km altitude and more are selected. This altitude and small mass of a satellite impose severe requirements on the efficiency of the techniques and apparatus realizations. Taking account of the last-named fact, the paper describes the use of the differential absorption method with a reflection from the Earth's surface for global monitoring of gaseous contaminations. The experiments were performed to assess lidar detection of ground anomalies of hydrocarbons in the 3-5 micrometers transmittance window. It is shown that, as applied to a spaceborne platform MKA- 200, this technique provides for localization of the background concentration excess of gases of hydrocarbon cycle with an error from 15% to 25%.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The present work is aimed at quantitative estimation of the capabilities of remote detection of aerosol and gas leakages from distances 0.5 - 15 km with an airborne DF-laser lidar, placed onboard an aircraft or a helicopter and operating with a topographic target, by numerical modeling. The requirements for guiding the development of this lidar system are also formulated.

The comparative research of the chlorophyll contents for number of wood plants by traditional spectrophotometric and fluorescent laser methods is carried out.The seasonal changes of the chlorophyll sums in the sprint-summer period at coniferous and deciduous wood plants are analyzed. The supervision over changes in the chlorophyll contents in connection with a withering of needles and leafs are carried out. The experimental results are received by spectrophotometric and lidar methods of study of a course of chlorophyll seasonal dynamics and pigment complex destruction of during a withering of needles and leafs of wood plants. The results of the joint analysis have shown identity of results received essentially by various methods.

The carried out experimental measurements of structures of speed and the directions of a wind with the help created meteorological lidar MEL-01 have confirmed perspective of its use for sounding of bottom troposphere. The results of numerical modeling of sounding of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles by differential absorption method in the near IR spectral range by means of the MEL-01 meteorological lidar show that the three-frequency method using the absorption lines from the band 0.72 in tropics and mid-latitude summer can compete with the two-frequency method of separate sounding of temperature and humidity. Only the two-frequency method is practical in the Arctic winter conditions. The absorption band of 0.94 is only weakly suitable for sounding in the atmospheric boundary layer.

The possibilities of applying a fluorescent lidar based on the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser to study vegetation under natural conditions are analyzed. The dynamics of development has been studied for several species of arboreous plants grown in West Siberia in a five-year measurement cycle. The fluorescent lidar developed has been used for identification of plant species and for investigation of fading caused by an adverse environment. It is shown that the fluorescent signal can be used for remote detection of plant stresses at earlier stages, when there are no visible symptoms. For the first time, the quantitative relations are established between the intensity of red nanosecond fluorescence and the chlorophyll concentration in needles and leaves of the most typical representatives of West Siberian arboreous plants. Fluorescent data were checked using the traditional spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric data and lidar measurements were used to calibrate the lidar, and this calibration has allowed the chlorophyll concentration in arboreous plants to be determined from the ratio of signals of laser-induced fluorescence.