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COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the disease was disseminated in several cities around the world, where measures were taken to control the spread of the virus through the adoption of quarantine (social isolation and closure of commercial sectors). This article analyzed the environmental impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, regarding the variations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere. NO2 data from the AURA satellite, in the period before the beginning of the epidemic (2005–2019) and during the adoption of the preventive and control measures of COVID-19 in 2020, were acquired and compared. The results obtained from the analysis showed that the blockade from COVID-19, beginning in March 2020, improved air quality in the short term, but as soon as coal consumption in power plants and refineries returned to normal levels (since June 2020), due to the resumption of works, the pollution levels returned to the level of the previous years of 2020. NO2 levels showed a significant decrease, since they were mainly associated with the decrease in economic growth and transport restrictions that led to a change in energy consumption and a reduction in emissions. This study can complement the scientific community and policy makers for environmental protection and public management, not only to assess the impact of the outbreak on air quality, but also for its effectiveness as a simple alternative program of action to improve air quality.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2022-06-08T12:17:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Elton Luis da Silva Abel.pdf: 2094830 bytes, checksum: 9ced1f5a4457eabddb7338324583fe44 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-08T12:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Elton Luis da Silva Abel.pdf: 2094830 bytes, checksum: 9ced1f5a4457eabddb7338324583fe44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-11-29 CAPES The region of the hydrographic basin of the Juru? River, an important tributary of the Amazon River and considered one of the most sinuous rivers in the world, lacks scientific information when related to climatic and environmental variables, which end up imposing influences on the local social and economic organization. Understanding this past and future environmental dynamics is an important tool for managing the territory and it?s natural resources. In this sense, this study intends to reduce the information gap in the region with a study of the time series from 2001 to 2018 of climatic, hydrological variables, vegetation and fires, in addition to generating a future scenario of the water dynamics of the Juru? Basin with implications for ecosystems services. Monthly data on the average surface temperature, rain and soil moisture obtained from the reanalysis were used; heat source data obtained from MOD14V006 - active fire products; vegetation index - EVI and surface water index - NDFI, products of MOD13A3. All variables were characterized by means of descriptive statistics, Boxplot, Principal Component Analysis-ACP, Correlation and the Mann-Kendall and Pettitt trend analysis tests were applied. The ARIMA model was used to simulate future changes to the NDFI, then trend tests were applied. All processing took place in software R version 3.5.1. The years with the lowest average monthly rainfall in the series were 2010 (155.62 mm), 2016 (163.15 mm) and 2005 (169.93 mm) also observed for soil moisture 2005 (435 mm) and 2016 (448 mm ); the years with the highest monthly average rainfall were 2009 (207.31 mm) and 2014 (202.80 mm), with the highest values of flooded areas in January, 23,772 km2. The highest concentration of fire outbreaks occurred in August (1,142) and September (1,547), coinciding with the lowest NDFI values found (1,421 km2 and 890 km2), with the years 2005 and 2010 with the largest records of outbreaks: 5,427 and 4,559. The EVI presented the highest values in the months of October (0.566), November (0.573) and December (0.560), the beginning of the rainy season and the lowest values in June (0.502) and July (0.503), coinciding with the period of lower precipitation and average temperature. The years 2015 with 22,275 km2 and 2009 with 16,140 km2 with the largest records of flooded area, and 2010 with 1,764 km2 and 2005 with 1,967 km2 with the lowest records. The ACP pointed out rain as the variable with the greatest influence on the dynamics of the Juru? basin with a contribution of 0.98, followed by the outbreaks of fire with -0.90. The NDFI showed a high correlation with rain, which in turn proved to be closely linked to the environmental dynamics of the Juru? River basin, with direct responses in the behavior of vegetation, the river's water dynamics and the occurrence of fires, thereby allowing the generation of a reliable future scenario based on ARIMA modeling, with an expression of seasonality and a significant tendency to decrease flooded areas by 2030. A regi?o da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Juru?, importante afluente do rio Amazonas e tido como um dos rios mais sinuosos do mundo carece de informa??es cient?ficas quando relacionado ?s vari?veis clim?ticas e ambientais, que acabam por impor influ?ncias na organiza??o social e econ?mica local. Entender esta din?mica ambiental, pret?rita e futura, configura-se como importante ferramenta de gest?o do territ?rio e de seus recursos naturais. Neste sentido, este estudo pretende diminuir a lacuna de informa??es da regi?o com estudo da s?rie temporal de 2001 a 2018 de vari?veis clim?ticas, hidrol?gicas, vegeta??o e focos de inc?ndios, al?m de gerar cen?rio futuro da din?mica h?drica da Bacia do Juru? com implica??es nos servi?os ecossist?micos. Foram usados dados mensais da temperatura m?dia da superf?cie, chuva e umidade do solo obtidos da rean?lise; dados de focos de calor obtidos do MOD14V006 - produtos de fogo ativo; ?ndice de vegeta??o- EVI e ?ndice de ?gua na superf?cie - NDFI, produtos do MOD13A3. Todas as vari?veis foram caracterizadas por meio da estat?stica descritiva, Boxplot, An?lise de Componentes Principais-ACP, Correla??o e foram aplicados os testes de an?lise de tend?ncia Mann-Kendall e Pettitt. O modelo ARIMA foi usado para simular mudan?as futuras do NDFI, depois se aplicou testes de tend?ncia. Todo processamento se deu no software R vers?o 3.5.1. Os anos de menor m?dia mensal de chuva da s?rie foram 2010 (155,62 mm), 2016 (163,15 mm) e 2005 (169,93 mm) tamb?m observados para umidade do solo 2005 (435 mm) e 2016 (448 mm); os anos de maior m?dia mensal de chuva foram 2009 (207,31 mm) e 2014 (202,80 mm), com maiores valores de ?reas inundadas em janeiro, 23.772 km2. A maior concentra??o de focos de inc?ndios ocorreu nos meses de agosto (1.142) e setembro (1.547), coincidindo com os menores valores de NDFI encontrados (1.421 km2 e 890 km2), com os anos de 2005 e 2010 com os maiores registros de focos: 5.427 e 4.559. O EVI apresentou maiores valores nos meses de outubro (0,566), novembro (0,573) e dezembro (0,560), in?cio da esta??o chuvosa e os menores valores em junho (0,502) e julho (0,503), coincidindo com o per?odo de menores precipita??es e temperatura m?dia. Os anos de 2015 com 22.275 km2 e 2009 com 16.140 km2 com os maiores registros de ?rea inundada, e 2010 com 1.764 km2 e 2005 com 1.967 km2 com os menores registros. A ACP apontou a chuva como a vari?vel de maior influ?ncia na din?mica da bacia do Juru? com 0,98 de contribui??o, seguida dos focos de inc?ndio com -0,90. O NDFI apresentou alta correla??o com a chuva, que por sua vez se mostrou intimamente ligada a din?mica ambiental da bacia hidrogr?fica do Rio Juru?, com respostas diretas no comportamento da vegeta??o, da din?mica h?drica do rio e da ocorr?ncia de inc?ndios, permitindo com isso a gera??o de cen?rio futuro confi?vel a partir da modelagem ARIMA, com express?o da sazonalidade e tend?ncia significativa de diminui??o de ?reas inundadas at? 2030.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-05-06T20:19:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Tiago Marques Tito.pdf: 1380009 bytes, checksum: 2cbe31c5677d0a9ef38dedcb3c2f0f53 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-06T20:19:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Tiago Marques Tito.pdf: 1380009 bytes, checksum: 2cbe31c5677d0a9ef38dedcb3c2f0f53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-22 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico FAPERJ - Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Evapotranspiration is a fundamental step in maintaining the water cycle. Consequently, its occurrence has an impact on the availability of water in natural and man-made environments and on agricultural productivity. In order to understand the hydrological cycle in areas with different levels of impact, it is important that evapotranspiration studies are carried out both in natural and anthropogenic environments. In Conservation Units, such studies can contribute to the development of more effective management plans. Therefore, studies involving the application of evapotranspiration estimation techniques are essential for this parameter to be more widely used. In order to understand the dynamics of evapotranspiration in the Itatiaia National Park and in the State of Rio de Janeiro, this study used remote sensing techniques and empirical equations. For the Itatiaia National Park, micrometeorological sensors installed in a tower in the Park were used and images from orbital remote sensing were used, all estimates were compared with the FAO-56 reference method, from December 2017 to November 2018. For the rest of the state, evapotranspiration estimates were obtained using the product MOD16A2 and seven empirical equations, using the FAO-56 reference method, with data obtained from six meteorological stations in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the period from 2007 to 2013, including La Ni?a, El Ni?o and Neutrality phases. A evapotranspira??o consiste em uma etapa fundamental para a manuten??o do ciclo da ?gua. Consequentemente, sua ocorr?ncia tem impacto na disponibilidade de ?gua em ambientes naturais e antropizados e na produtividade agr?cola. A fim de compreender o ciclo hidrol?gico em ?reas com diferentes n?veis de impacto, ? importante que estudos de evapotranspira??o sejam feitos tanto em ambientes naturais quanto antropizados. Em Unidades de Conserva??o, tais estudos podem contribuir para a elabora??o de planos de manejo mais eficazes. Portanto, estudos que envolvam a aplica??o de t?cnicas de estimativa de evapotranspira??o s?o fundamentais para que esse par?metro seja mais amplamente utilizado. Com o objetivo de compreender a din?mica da evapotranspira??o no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia e no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, esse estudo utilizou t?cnicas de sensoriamento remoto e equa??es emp?ricas. Para o Parque Nacional do Itatiaia foram utilizados sensores micrometeorol?gicos instalados em uma torre no Parque e foram utilizadas imagens de sensoriamento remoto orbital, todas as estimativas foram comparadas com o m?todo de refer?ncia FAO-56, no per?odo de dezembro de 2017 a novembro de 2018. Para o restante do estado as estimativas de evapotranspira??o foram obtidas atrav?s do produto MOD16A2 e de sete equa??es emp?ricas, atrav?s do m?todo de refer?ncia FAO-56, com dados obtidos atrav?s de seis esta??es meteorol?gicas no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no per?odo de 2007 a 2013, incluindo fases de La Ni?a, El Ni?o e Neutralidade.