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Copyright of Goya is the property of Fundacion Lazaro Galdiano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ad Limina. Revista de investigacion del Camino de Santiag y las peregrinaciones is the property of AD LIMINA Turismo de Galicia SA de Xestion do Plan Xacobeo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Poética Medieval is the property of Instituto Universitario de Investigacion en Estudios Medievales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Imafronte. Revista de Historia del Arte is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scintilla is the property of Revista Scintilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article sees the light as the result of a research accomplished at the Xaverian Historic Archives, in Bogotá. The investigation allowed the author to have direct access to the documentary files gathered from different national and international archives, on the goods and chattels which made up the decoration of the church owned by the Society of Jesus in Santa Fe de Bogotá. The actual enclosure, in its decoration, has been modified over the years, having been adapted to the taste of the epoch and to the historic circumstances by which it has been marked, like the fact that it was converted into pro-Cathedral, after the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Kingdom of Spain, in the latter part of the 18th century. Thus, the claim of this article is to try to unveil the first level of the theological-spiritual and didactic reading of the original decorative ensemble of the temple that belonged and still belongs, to the Society of Jesus. Therefore, we will realize a reflection on how the image, the art, that was used always by the Catholic Church to transmit the faith, is a fundamental tool to express a theological content which could be understood by the persons who contemplated it; and we will propose the possible keys of reading, obviously, from the point of view of the Ignatian spirituality, so as to explain from it, the message that the Jesuits were sending to the Bogotanian people, or to any other faithful, who would enter into the sacred place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the military use of holy relics, images, and other Christian apotropaic devices in the Roman- Persian wars. I examine a wide range of literary evidence from the 4th to the 7th century exploring where, why, and how different Christian objects were used in military contexts. Moreover, I consider different factors, as the local religious practices or the rivalry between the Christian Roman Empire and Zoroastrian Persia. I argue that the earliest military uses of relics and holy images happened in the context of the Roman-Persian conflict and frontier region, and that, during the 4th-7th centuries, these uses were much more common there than anywhere else. Also, that some local practices of this region could have been adopted by military officers and the Imperial elite. I propose that three factors could explain this: First, the intensity of the cult of relics and images in Syria and the Near East. Second, the growing identification of the Roman Empire as a Christian power between the 4th and 7th centuries. Finally, the Roman-Persian conflict and the climate of religious confrontation that grew over the course of the Byzantine-Sassanian wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First Plantagenêt kings' veneration of saints and their relics constitutes a part of their politics to construct the «empire» and to strengthen their territorial power basis. First, interest for certain cults fits in with the search for dynastic legitimisation by celestial patronage, while Thomas Becket has become the kingdom's new saint patron. Some relic affairs reflect symbolic of power's translation (Edward the Confessor, Edmund, Martial and Valerie, the elevation of relics at Fécamp, the discovery of Arthur and Guinevere's tombs at Glastonbury). Kings' presence at significant translation ceremonials or their visits to shrines are linked to their territorial politics (St. Michel's Mount, Rocamadour, Grandmont, and the translation of St. Frithswyth at Oxford). At last, relics played an essential role in Richard the Lionheart's crusade expedition. The link between politics and relics cult can be explained by the belief in the virtus materially present in relics; in which their possession and exalting by the cult had to grant celestial protection of the kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On November 28, 1725, the Brothers Hospitallers of Manila organized solemn festivities on the occasion of the bull granted by Pope Innocent XIII on the commemoration of the transfer of the remains of St. John of God from the convent of La Victoria to the main hospital of the order in Granada in 1664. A previously unpublished print contains the sermon preached for the occasion and the chronicle of the procession and description of the ephemeral arch erected on the main facade of his temple in the Philippine capital. Through this account it is possible to reconstruct the complex symbolic program of paintings and texts deployed around the virtues of the saint, which became an effective mechanism of propaganda in those territorial confines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ad Limina. Revista de investigacion del Camino de Santiag y las peregrinaciones is the property of AD LIMINA Turismo de Galicia SA de Xestion do Plan Xacobeo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zephyrus is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fronteras de la Historia is the property of Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ad Limina. Revista de investigacion del Camino de Santiag y las peregrinaciones is the property of AD LIMINA Turismo de Galicia SA de Xestion do Plan Xacobeo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the mechanisms used by four sisters to request a license to make bread with the image of the Virgin of San Juan de los Lagos that could be used as relics by pilgrims. Said document was made and written by the Márquez sisters: Gertrudis, Paula, Inés and María. The elements used by these women consist of managing their gender role as a tool to obtain the license to manufacture the rolls. In turn, these ladies sought to earn some money, contribute to the salvation of the pilgrims, that they carry a relic to their places of origin. In short, they sought to perform a common good for the faithful of the image of the virgin of San Juan de los Lagos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Medieval is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to analyze the role played by the relics of St Eulalia of Mérida in the ideological construction of kingship by the Asturian monarchs, who were to take these remains to their capital in Oviedo. As the extant testimonies date from a later period, the devotional clues are traced to clarify the chronology of this process and the legitimizing message it entailed, based on previous actions involving Eulalia’s relics. The importance of these relics within the Oviedo reliquary and its transformations over the centuries are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Territorio, Sociedad y Poder. Revista de Estudios Medievales is the property of Universidad de Oviedo, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia is the property of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales de Historia del Arte is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Green stone slabs are characteristic of the Epiclassic period (650-900 A.D.). On them, warriors, dignitaries and priests were embodied. This paper provides a symbolic and contextual analysis of several of the said plates -in this case- recovered at the sites of Xochicalco (650-900 AD) and Tula (900-1200 AD), focusing specifically on the symbolic and emotional meanings that the Toltecs assigned to this class of object. From the ritual theory of Victor Turner [1980, 1988], an alternative interpretation of these objects is proposed, since it has been assumed that they allude to priests in a state of trance. Here, it is postulated that the subjects are representations of the dead, deposited as relics and loaded with meta-messages from bygone times, and which appear in later contexts, such as at the sites of Tula or Tenochtitlan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient Maya used to preserve relics, commonly wrapped in sacred bundles. Archaeological and historical sources allow us to know the mortuary treatments which led to obtain those relics, the different contexts in which they were placed and the social uses to which they were destined. I distinguish between three types of relics: domestic relics related to a lineage; those of gods or founding ancestors of a community, and those of the sacrificed and captives, associated with war trophies. Their joint analysis provides important information regarding Maya conceptions about ancestors, personhood and authority, which explain the ritual importance of relics, the meanings available in them and their role in legitimating power. The name of the sacred bundle left by Quiche founders, the pisom q'aq'al -bundled majesty-, leads.us to think that relics were preserved and venerated because they held a certain "fire", q'aq', or "majesty", q'aq'al, whose characteristics can be identified with a vital force or soul component, which increases by the exercise of authority that ethnographers and linguists have recorded under various names. Among them are derived forms of q'aq'al in Quiché, Cakchiquel and Tzotzil, and k'inam in Yucatec which seem to be closely related with the classical k'ihnich by its fiery, fierce and solar qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quintana: Revista do Departamento de Historia da Arte USC is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Territorio, Sociedad y Poder. Revista de Estudios Medievales is the property of Universidad de Oviedo, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia is the property of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dialoguing with the anthropological problematizations about the body and the studies about material religion, in this work we propose to approach theoretically the corporality and the objects under a broader perspective, that we can denominate the "materiality of the sacred", which highlights how bodies and objects enable and configure the relationship with the sacred. In the context of these discussions, we will analyze in particular the case of the relics, since due to their liminary nature between body and object, between person and thing, they constitute, in our opinion, a prolific field in which to advance in a research program in which the social studies on the body and those on the material dimension of the religious phenomenon come together. The article discusses all these issues by recovering empirical materials from our ethnographic research of the Sai Baba movement. In this direction, we realize the "proxemic desire", that is, the desire for closeness that followers of the cult sought to have with the body of their spiritual leader, to then describe as the tomb of Sai Baba as well as certain objects that were used or "materialized from nothing" by him can be understood as relics that allow connection with the sacred, thus guaranteeing the continuity of the experience of physical proximity with the saint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Histórica: Historia Moderna is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Histórica: Historia Moderna is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The monastery of the Descalzas Reales is known for housing women of the royal family. It was founded in 1559 by Princess Juana, sister of Philip II, and many prominent figures professed in this monastery, like the Empress Maria - also sister of the Prudent King-, or her daughter, sor Margarita de la Cruz. At the same time this place was visited by numerous queens, princesses and infants of the Hispanic Monarchy and from the other kingdoms. But it was a space of power too, a feminine palace with one of the largest collections of relics and reliquaries as private gifts to these royal women. There was no ambassador, nuncio, or legate who did not bring a box with relics for the illustrious nuns of the monastery. Due to their importance, their symbolic and diplomatic value, and because its care was one of the main activities in this religious center, the relics of the Monastery of the Descalzas Reales deserve to be studied as objects of worship, but also as gifts in the sphere of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Christian rite involves a series of elements that were being built along the establishment and strengthening of this religion. Initially in the Roman Empire, the bodies of martyrs remembered by sublime narratives would have been responsible for establishing the sanctity of the sites of their tombs. A new territorial and evaluative reconfiguration of these special deaths would have incorporated cemeteries into the urban world. With the end of the persecutions, and the institutionalization of Christianity as an official religion, the number of martyrdoms would have systematically diminished. By desiring a more intense mystical experience, the faithful began to experience new forms of suffering, such as loneliness, self-flagellation, and the denial of what they considered to be carnal desires. With the advent of the Crusades in the 11th century, parallel to the Muslim advance in North Africa, new challenges were presented to the religious universe. Now it was necessary to recreate a profile of holiness, sustained by the example of the early martyrs. A revival of dying for Christ and for faith would find on the African stage an opportunity to take up the deeper meaning of the holy death. In this text we intend to analyze two specific cases that had singularity, since they refer to narrative constructions that would reach relevance beyond its purely religious meaning. For this purpose, two celebrated manifestations of late martyrdom were set out, taking into account the struggles between Muslims and Christians: The life and death of the Martyrs of Morocco and the captivity of the Holy Infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anais de História de Além-Mar is the property of Centro de Historia de Alem-Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)