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PurposeDespite the importance of sustainability, some conservative religious groups do not believe and support climate change. There is a continuous debate on the role of religion on people’s attitudes toward the environment. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to (1) explore the impact of consumers’ religious orientation on motivation and commitment toward recycling; (2) examine the impact of economic motivation, commitment and love for nature toward intention to recycle; (3) investigate the mediating effect of motivation, commitment and love for nature on the relationship between consumer religiosity and their intention to recycle; and (4) examine the impact of consumers’ intention toward its subsequent behavior.Design/methodology/approachUsing convenience sampling methods, participants were recruited through an online survey platform (MTurk). The total completed respondents are 827 participants.FindingsThe results show consumers’ religiousness influence their motivation, commitment and love for nature. This study shows that consumers with high intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness are more likely to be motivated by economic motivation. Being religious does not make consumers more environmentally friendly.Research limitations/implicationsThis study did not separate religion and between religious and non-religious consumers. Each religion may perceive environments differently. Future research may investigate each religion separately.Originality/valueThis paper has several contributions: (1) it contributes to the debate on the impact of religiousness on consumers’ attitudes toward sustainable-related behavior such as recycling. Does it matter? (2) the results show the most effective way to increase people’s intention to recycle; and (3) the results of this study will have implications for government, religious institutions on how to increase positive attitude toward the environment especially among religious consumers.

The present study examines and explores the indirect effects of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on well-being, namely self-esteem and life satisfaction, through presence of and search for meaning in life, and its gender difference among adolescents. 301 girls and 395 boys from Hong Kong participated in this cross-sectional survey study. Independent t-test, correlation and four mediation model analyses with a bootstrap of 5000 samples were conducted. Girls score higher in extrinsic religiosity (personal) and search for meaning in life; lower in self-esteem compared with boys. Presence of meaning in life was found to positively mediate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic personal religiosity on self-esteem and life satisfaction for boys but is not significant for girls. However, intrinsic religiosity promotes higher search for meaning in life, which in turn lowers self-esteem only for girls. The indirect effect of extrinsic social religiosity on well-being was not significant for both genders. Finding suggests that boys benefit more from religiosity on well-being.

This study is among the first to investigate the religiosity patterns, identity motives and attitudes towards Christians and non-believers among recent Muslim refugees in Finland (N = 128). There are two novelties in this study. First, it applies the religious orientation framework to study religious identities among Muslim refugees in Europe. Second, it combines a variable- and person-centred approach to study religiosity in the context of intergroup relations. Using the variable-centred approach with a multiple mediation analysis, we found that refugees’ extrinsic religiosity was associated with more positive attitudes towards Christians. Neither intrinsic religiosity nor participants’ religious identity motives were associated with out-group attitudes. Using the person-centred approach with a Two-Step cluster analysis, we showed that individuals with higher levels of intrinsic as compared to extrinsic religiosity and those with pronounced religious identity motives were more biased towards non-believers than towards Christians. Attitudes towards Christians and non-believers were similarly positive in a group characterised by equal levels of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. We discuss these findings in light of the role of religiosity in understanding Muslim refugees’ attitudes towards receiving societies.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of religiosity (intrinsic and extrinsic) and halal literacy on the intention of Muslim consumers to purchase halal branded food products in India. An extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used as a framework. Apart from religiosity and halal literacy, the influence of attitude, social norms and perceived behavioural control of halal on buying intention were also tested. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a survey design. The data were collected from 350 individual respondents, using a closed-ended, structured questionnaire. The quality of the measurement model has been assessed through reliability testing, factor loading, average variance extracted and Fornell-Larcker criterion. The test of hypotheses was conducted by performing the partial least square structural equation modelling. Findings The result of hypotheses testing shows that both intrinsic and extrinsic types of religiosities did not have a direct influence on buying intention. However, religiosity (extrinsic and intrinsic) and halal literacy have significant relationships with most of the antecedents of the intention of the TPB. In addition, both kinds of religiosities (extrinsic and intrinsic) and halal literacy had a significant indirect effect (through TPB antecedents) on buying intention. Originality/value Muslim population in India is one of the largest in the world, yet there is a lack of popular halal branded food products in the market. Nevertheless, few researchers have attempted to study the consumer behaviour of the Muslim population for halal products in India. A large amount of research work on halal food behaviour is from countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, where the Muslim population is in the majority and halal brands are already popular. Further, this paper studies the impact of dimensions of religiosity, which has been overlooked by researchers studying the halal food purchasing behaviour. The study also explores the impact of halal literacy, an understudied construct in halal marketing literature. The present study is amongst the earliest empirical research based on Muslim consumers in India on the topic of halal branded food products.

Purpose: Drawing on self-determination theory (SDT), this article aims to examine the impact of customers’ intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on purchase intentions for luxury brands. Moreover, this study delves into the moderating effect of customer brand loyalty in these relationships. Methodology: To this end, we tested our hypotheses with a student sample (N = 169) from Pakistan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and moderation analysis techniques were used to analyze the data using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0. Findings: The results of data analysis indicated that a customer’s purchase intention for luxury brands is significantly influenced by extrinsic religiosity, while intrinsic religiosity has trivial influence in boosting purchase intention for a luxury brand. Our results for moderation analysis further show that customer purchase intention for a luxury brand is reinforced by intrinsic religiosity when customer brand loyalty is high but not when customer brand loyalty is low, whereas purchase intention for a luxury brand is fortified more by extrinsic religiosity when customer brand loyalty is low than when customer brand loyalty is high. Research Limitations: As with any set of cross-sectional studies, our research is not without limitations. For instance, the sample size in the current study is purposefully small. This limits the generalizability of findings across a wider population. Implications/originality/value: This study has provided a framework to explain how customers’ intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity affected the purchase intentions of luxury brands in the emerging market.

This study examined the relationship between religious orientation and death attitudes in Christian U.S. students and Muslim Turkish students. It also assessed whether meaning in life mediated these relationships. Multivariate statistics and path analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of death attitudes in these groups. Intrinsic religiosity was more consistently associated with positive attitudes toward death than extrinsic religiosity, and these patterns remained consistent across groups. Meaning in life mediated some of these relationships, although not consistently. Evidence suggesting differential relationships between religiosity and death attitudes across groups was found, although the overall results suggest more similarities than differences.

The primary purpose of this study was to explore the indirect effect of intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity on ethical intention through ethical judgment. A review of the literature shows the need for more research at the intersection of religiosity and ethics, especially in non-Western, highly religious contexts. This research, therefore, addresses the research question: Do intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity indirectly impact ethical intention through influencing the ethical judgment of management professionals? Data were gathered from members of the Management Association of Pakistan through a questionnaire. Pearson correlation results show the overall trend between the constructs of interest. Multiple regression results show that both intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity are significant positive predictors of ethical judgment. Ethical judgment was also found to be a significant, positive predictor of ethical intention. The main contribution of the study is evidence that ethical judgment acts as a mediator between religiosity (whether intrinsic or extrinsic) and ethical intention in a non-Western highly religious context. This research also found that intrinsic religiosity impacts ethical intention directly as well as indirectly through ethical judgment, but extrinsic religiosity influences ethical intention only through its effect on ethical judgment. We discuss our results along with practical and research implications, and limitations of this research are highlighted to guide future research.

The belief-as-benefit hypothesis holds that spirituality and religiosity strengthen resilience and increase personal well-being. This spiritually-based account of resilience informed the development of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), which includes a spiritual influences factor. In keeping with this general account it was hypothesized that measures of spirituality and religiosity will be positively correlated with scores on the 23 secular items of the CD-RISC (i.e., the 25 item CD-RISC minus the 2 items that define the spiritual influences factor). Participants (n = 338) were administered the CD-RISC, the spirituality subscale of the 16-Strength Questionnaire and the Intrinsic/Extrinsic-Revised scale. Scores on the 23-item CD-RISC showed a significant positive correlation with spirituality scores (r = .224, p

The article presents the results of an empirical study of religiosity and time perception in a sample of Muslims, Christians, and Atheists. The study involved 77 respondents from 18 to 44 years old. There was used the Religious Orientation Scale of G. Allport and D. Ross for the study of religiosity. There were used Zimbardo time perspective inventory and “time semantic differential” for the study of time perception. We obtained following results: the indicators of “extrinsic religiosity” among Muslims are higher than among Orthodox Christians; Muslims have higher indicators of “present hedonistic” than Orthodox Christians; Atheists have higher indicators of “present hedonistic” than Muslims; Orthodox Christians have higher indicators of “time amount” of the present than Atheists; Muslims have higher indicators of “time amount” of the future than Atheists.

The present study examined the relationship between religiosity and competitive anxiety in college athletes and whether there were differences in competitive anxiety for intrinsically relig...

Studying on sales of products that have Halal Logo are very attractive in Indonesia, putting Halal Logo on products are expected to improve consumers purchase intention. This study examines the effect of religiosity moderation to halal logo increasing purchase intention especially in Muslims consumer. From the results of several previous studies on the concept of halal and Muslim ways, there are three proposed variables, namely halal logo, religiosity and purchase intention. Where products with a halal logo which is moderated by religiosity will increase purchase intention of Muslims consumer. The data in this study were collected through online surveys using a google form questionnaire with a total of 120 Muslim consumers living in Jakarta with ages ranging from seventeen to forty years. The study was conducted in November 2018 using a research method that is moderate with a comparative approach of two groups of data samples to see the relationships between variables. Data analysis method use in this study is Univariate Analysis of Variance (Univariate ANOVA). The results of this study indicate that products with Halal Logo which is moderated by intrinsic religiosity will increase purchase intention but in the other hand Halal Logo which is moderated by extrinsic Religiosity does not increase purchase intention.

In this modern era, many product companies are competing to produce food products that contain halal-labeled ingredients for food products made by the wider community.The population in this study were Islamic students in the city of Semarang who had issued halal products. The sample in this study are some Islamic students who have spent halal food products. Techniques in sampling in this study, using purposive sampling techniques or sampling. The purposive sampling technique is a sampling technique that adjusts to certain criteria (intentional). Analysis tools that are multiple linear regression.The results showed that Instrinsik Religiosity positively and significantly toward the assessment of halal products, extrinsic religiosity positively and significantly towards the assessment of halal products, halal product knowledge had a positive and significant effect on halal products, instrinsic significant religiosity to buy halal products, extrinsic religiosity significantly and significantly on the purchase price of halal goods, halal has a positive and significant influence on the purchase price and an assessment of halal products has a positive and significant effect on the purchase price of halal products Keywords: religiosity and knowledge of halal products, halal products and interest in purchasing products

This paper extends the growing research on the influence of religion and spiritualism on consumer behaviour by exploring the relationship between spirituality and religiosity (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) as well as their effects on consumers' purchase of Fast Moving Consumer Goods brands promoted by spiritual leaders (spiritual brands). Results from an online survey of 238 Indian consumers across four food product categories (honey, cheese, biscuits and cooking oil) shows that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity have significant positive effects, but spirituality has no significant effect on the purchase of spiritual brands. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings as well as some limitations of our study and useful directions for future research usc Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Religion and spirituality are important components of life for many older adults; however, religious practices and involvement can be cognitively demanding. Those older adults who develop c...

This study aims to explore the environmental sustainability intentions of family-owned businesses in Fiji. We developed a conceptual model that extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by incorporating intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and ethical judgment as moderating variables. We used a quantitative research methodology to collect data from 374 family-owned businesses in Fiji. We further tested the proposed model of this study using structural equation modeling. The empirical results showed that intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity positively influence the attitude of family-owned businesses toward environmental sustainability. Attitude and subjective norms were found to influence environmental sustainability intention positively. Furthermore, it was found that ethical judgment strengthens the positive relationship between attitude and subjective norms on environmental sustainability intentions. This study makes practical and theoretical contributions by giving insights into the drivers of the environmental sustainability intentions of family-owned businesses.

Religious practice and green consumption seem inherently related, as each activity purportedly benefits society. Despite this, few studies have explored the possibility that religion influences green purchase intentions. Further, individuals often struggle to reconcile their religious and nonreligious motives in their day-to-day activities. Toward this end, the current study investigates the roles that religion, price, and social motives may play as factors that influence green consumption. The study also examines the possible intervention of other altruistic motives such as attitude toward charitable institutions in determining green consumption. The study develops a new perspective on how green products should be marketed while delivering actionable theoretical and managerial implications.

The goal of the current study was to examine the association between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and psychological well-being and determine the mediating effects of social support on the re...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of religiosity in consumer ethics. This objective will be achieved by investigating the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on consumer ethics, and segmenting consumers’ religiosity and explore differences between each segment. Design/methodology/approach The surveys were distributed to undergraduate students, their friends and members of their immediate families, through a large public university in Australia. Of 700 paper questionnaires, participants returned 651. Incomplete surveys with too many missing values were removed from the sample. Of these, 517 were usable, yielding a response rate of 74 per cent. Singles accounted for 53.9 per cent of the sample, followed by married people (26.8 per cent). Of the respondents, 49.9 per cent were men. The majority of respondents were between 18 and 24 years old (52 per cent), followed by 15-34 years (16.4 per cent). Finally, most respondents had an income level of less than $20,000 (36.6 per cent) followed by $21,000-$40,000 (20.5 per cent) and $41,000-$61,000 (19.7 per cent). Overall, despite being dominated by younger consumers, the sample is relatively representative of the entire adult population of Australia. Findings The results show that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity had an impact on consumers’ ethical beliefs. Moreover, the results show significant differences between the two segments studied. The religious segment was more likely than the non-religious segment to reject various unethical beliefs, but no significant differences were found in the behavioural dimensions of recycling and doing good deeds. Originality/value This is one of the first few studies to explore the impact of religiosity on consumer ethics in Australia. The results of this study have several implications for academic researchers, religious leaders and managers working in the area of consumer ethics.

This study investigated the effects of spirituality and religiosity on subjective well-being. Religiosity was measured as intrinsic and extrinsic orientations using the Revised Religious Life Inventory (RLI-R) and spirituality was measured using the Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS). Fifty-four participants were recruited from an all-female undergraduate population. Participants completed the RLI-R and STS followed by measures of subjective well-being including life satisfaction, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and perceived stress. Participants were separated into groups using a median split based on their scores on the subscales of the RLI-R and combined STS scores. The results of the MANOVA indicated that low extrinsic religiosity mediates the relationship between high intrinsic religiosity, and low spirituality with the measures of subjective well-being, including high self-esteem, low negative affect and low perceived stress. Past research has not often separated intrinsic, extrinsic religiosity and spirituality, these findings indicate a need for such separation.

Religion is known for transforming human behaviour in many ways. This research investigates the influence of religiosity on two unrestrained buying constructs; impulsive and compulsive buying. The focus of this paper is on both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of religiosity. The first study provides important insights into the differential impact of these two dimensions of religiosity on unrestrained buying constructs. The second study explores the underlying mechanism of the relationship between extrinsic religiosity and unrestrained buying behaviours. Results show a negative relationship of intrinsic religiosity and a positive relationship of extrinsic relationship with unrestrained buying constructs. We also found that this relationship for extrinsic religiosity is mediated by susceptibility to interpersonal influence and moderated by long-term orientation. This research explains the differential impact of religion on unrestrained buying behaviour.

Although there has been considerable theoretical support outlining a positive relationship between religiosity and voluntary simplicity, there is limited empirical evidence validating this relationship. This study examines the relationships among religious orientations (Allport and Ross in J Pers Soc Psychol 5(4):432–443, 1967) and voluntary simplicity in a sample of Australian consumers. The results demonstrate that intrinsic religiosity is positively related to voluntary simplicity; however, there is no relationship between extrinsic religiosity and voluntary simplicity. Furthermore, this research investigates the processes through which intrinsic religiosity affects voluntary simplicity. The relationship between intrinsic religiosity and voluntary simplicity is sequentially mediated by communal/personal well-being and environmental well-being. The findings not only identify a prosocial role of intrinsic religiosity in motivating voluntary simplicity, but also indicate that secular pursuits that enhance communal/personal well-being and environmental well-being may also motivate voluntary simplicity.

The purpose of the present study was to predict ambivalent sexism (including hostile sexism and benevolent sexism) with religious orientation types as intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity and quest religiosity. In addition, the effect of demographic variables (including sex, age and education level) on sexist attitudes was tested. 583 (Nfemale= 318; Nmale= 265) university students who study in different universities of Ankara/Turkey (Mage= 22.10; SD = 2.33) completed Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and Religious Orientation Scale. Findings indicated significant gender differences on study variables and significant associations between religious orientation types and ambivalent sexism within university students sample in Turkey.

This study aims to find out the influence of money ethics on tax evasion with intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity, and materialism as moderating variables. The sample is selected by using convinience sampling method with sample size of a 100 respondents as primary data. This study uses simple regression and moderated regression analysis for hypothesis testing. The result of this study shows that money ethics has an effect on tax evasion, intrinsic religiosity moderarates the relationship between money ethics and tax evasion. Extrinsic religiosity does not moderate the relationship bertween money ethics and tax evasion. Materialism moderates the relationship between money ethics and tax evasion.

Na podlagi podatkov Svetovne raziskave vrednot (1999-2001), podatkov popisa prebivalstva iz let 1991 in 2002 ter primerjalne raziskave študentske populacije, izvedene leta 2005 na vzorcih iz štirih verskih okolij, smo proučili kazalnike vernosti na Slovenskem. Iz rezultatov študije izhaja, da je vernost Slovencev v evropskem merilu podpovprečna in da so družbeni pritiski na vernost v slovenskem okolju majhni. Čeprav nekoliko pod normativnim povprečjem, se je molitev izkazala kot najbolj razširjena oblika prakticiranje vernosti slovenskih katoličanov. Lojalnost do verske ustanove je pri slovenskih katoličanih manjšinski pojav, zlasti ko gre za oceno njene ustreznosti današnjemu času. Glede verske motivacije prevladuje odsotnost tako intrinzične kot ekstrinzične motivacije, v čemer so slovenski katoličani nasprotje bosanskim muslimanom. Izstopa tudi nepripravljenost slovenskih vernikov na žrtvovanje in podobna dejanja, ki naj bi ugajala bogu. To velja tudi, če opazujemo zgolj tiste, ki so sebe opredelili za zelo verne - tudi ti opazno zaostajajo v pripravljenosti na žrtvovanje za sicer drugo najnižje pripravljeno skupino, tj. skupino srbskih pravoslavnih. The current study tried to identify the nature of religiousness in present day Slovenia on the basis of World Value Survey data (1999-2001), population census data (1991 and 2002) and on the basis of our own research regarding the student population in four religious environments carried out in 2005. The results indicated that the religiosity of Slovenians is below-average in a European comparison, that social pressures in the direction of religion are also low, and that prayer is the most common form of religiosity among Slovenian Catholics. With regard to motivation, the rejection of both intrinsic and extrinsic orientations prevailed. Namely, the results indicated that Slovenian Catholics are true opposites of indiscriminately pro-religiously-oriented Bosnian Muslims. The loyalty to the religious institution on the part of Slovenian Catholics is a minority phenomenon, particularly when assessing how up to date the Church is. The results also indicated a significantly greater absence of readiness to make sacrifices, 'deeds' for religious purposes, even when very religious Slovenian Catholic were observed. They lag significant1y behind their Serbian Orthodox fellows, the second group in terms of a low level of readiness to do religious 'deeds'.

El presente trabajo se centra en la ética del consumidor y su objetivo principal es estudiar y profundizar el comportamiento ético de los consumidores, mediante la Consumer Ethics Scale (ces, por sus siglas en inglés). Para ello, se propone un modelo, que relaciona las escalas religiosidad y espiritualidad con la ética del consumidor, y que permite contrastar tres proposiciones y 15 hipótesis, utilizando una muestra de 286 encuestados españoles. La CES (Vitell y Muncy, 1992, 2005) consta de cinco dimensiones, y la escala de religiosidad y espiritualidad, desarrollada por Allport y Ross (1967), consta de tres dimensiones que reflejan la religiosidad extrínseca, la religiosidad intrínseca y la espiritualidad. La metodología seleccionada para este estudio son las ecuaciones estructurales, aplicando la técnica Partial Least Squares (PLS). Los resultados demuestran que existe una relación entre la religiosidad/espiritualidad y el comportamiento ético y poco ético del consumidor. El trabajo muestra dos grandes aportaciones: la primera es el propio modelo y la segunda, la metodología empleada para estudiarlo. Los resultados, conclusiones e implicaciones logrados a partir de ambos son de importancia, tanto para profesionales del mundo de los negocios, como para académicos y gobiernos. This study focuses on consumer ethics and its main goal is to analyze and deepen on the understanding of consumers’ ethical behavior through the use of the Consumer Ethics Scale (ces). To do this, a model that relates religiosity and spirituality scales with consumer’s ethics is proposed. Such model allows to contrast three propositions and 15 hypothesis through a sample of 286 Spanish respondents. CES (Vitell and Muncy, 1992, 2005) is made up by five dimensions, while the Religiosity and Spirituality scale designed by Allport and Ross (1967) comprises three dimensions, which reflect extrinsic religiosity, intrinsic religiosity and spirituality. Structural equation modelling by Partial Least Squares (pls) technique is the methodology selected for this research. Results show an existing relation between religiosity/spirituality and ethical and little-ethical consumer’s behaviors. In that sense, this paper makes two major contributions: first, the very own model and, second, the methodology used for its study. Results, conclusions and implications obtained from both contributions are relevant for business world professionals, scholars and governments.

Nonmarital parity is associated with several negative outcomes, including health problems, educational problems, and poverty. Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with nonmarital parenthood can inform policy and interventions, reducing both the incidences and associated consequences. The current study focuses on how intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity (the degree to which individuals or groups employ religious ideology in forming values and making decisions) are related to the timing of nonmarital parity using discrete time hazard modeling of a nationally representative sample of adolescent females (N = 7,367) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The majority of the sample (86 %) claimed a religious affiliation and almost a third (32 %) had a nonmarital birth during the study. Even though the majority of the sample is White (67 %), Black and Hispanic females were more likely to experience a nonmarital birth. Results indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and religious affiliation assert protective effects for some populations while religious affiliation increases risk in the full model. Recommendations for policy, intervention, and future research are offered.

Ethics plays an important role in human life, including in the millennial generation. Ethical assessment in the millennial generation needs attention from producers, considering this generation is a potential market. Thus the purpose of this study is to see the effect of religiosity on consumer ethics in the millennial generation. This study will use primary data and the questionnaireinstrument. The results showed that intrinsic religiosity had a negative effect on ethical judgment while extrinsic religiosity had a positive influence on ethical judgment.Keywords: religiosity, generation milenial, ethic judgement

This paper aims at exploring the extent to which Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) orientations are influenced by the level of religiosity among business professionals. Previous empirical research has highlighted the influence of personal values and belief systems on managerial CSR orientations, presenting mixed evidence in relation to the influence of religious ethics on responsible business orientations. Our paper advances knowledge in this important area of research by (1) synthesizing scattered available literature on the topic and (2) presenting fresh empirical insights from the Lebanese multi-religious context in relation to how an individual’s type of religiosity (intrinsic/extrinsic) affects their views of CSR. The results suggest that social extrinsic religiosity is related to a broader perspective of CSR, while intrinsic religiosity is related to a narrow view of CSR. Relevant insights and implications are synthesized accordingly.

Religious characteristics are often related to attitudes about legal issues (e.g., death penalty). This study investigated whether U.S. university students’ religious beliefs (i.e., fundamentalism, devotionalism, evangelism) and religious motivations (i.e., intrinsic, extrinsic religiosity) were associated with responses to vigilantism (i.e., whether the vigilante is justified, should be legally responsible, should receive a lighter sentence). Participants read three scenarios describing vigilantism in response to different crimes (murder, drug dealing, child molestation). More punitive responses to vigilantism were associated with being low in fundamentalism, extrinsic religiosity, and evangelism, and with being high in devotionalism and intrinsic religiosity. Motivations were more frequent predictors of responses to vigilantism than beliefs. Results are the first step in explaining relationships between religious characteristics and responses to vigilantism.

The authors meta-analytically examined the relationship between intrinsic religiosity and internal locus of control. Thirty-seven independent samples, comprising 9,924 participants, yielded an average effect size of r = .06, which was small, but significant, indicating a positive correlation between intrinsic religiosity and internal locus of control. Moderation analyses showed a significant trend of effects becoming weaker over time (from 1971 to 2011). The judged religiousness of samples significantly predicted the strength of the correlation, such that more religious samples showed stronger effect sizes.

This study examined relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, reasons for using Internet pornography, frequency of using Internet pornography during the last year, and the degree to which participants believed they were both confident in their efficacy and were willing to intervene to help prevent a sexual assault from occurring. Students volunteered to take an online survey as one of several options for course credit in a research participation system in a School of Education at a midwestern public university. Men's extrinsic religiosity was positively correlated with their use of Internet pornography and negatively correlated with willingness to intervene as a bystander. Men's intrinsic religiosity was negatively correlated with how many reasons they had for using pornography and negatively correlated with their use of pornography. Women's extrinsic religiosity negatively correlated with their bystander efficacy. Women's intrinsic religiosity was negatively correlated with their reasons for using pornography and their use of pornography. Women's use of pornography was negatively correlated with bystander efficacy. A regression revealed that three religiosity variables and two pornography variables predicted 19% of the variance in women's bystander efficacy.

In this paper, we examine the relationship between Christian religiosity, attitudes towards corporate social responsibility (CSR), and CSR behavior of executives. We distinguish four types of CSR attitudes and five types of CSR behavior. Based on empirical research conducted among 473 Dutch executives, we find that CSR attitudes mediate the influence of religiosity on CSR behavior. Intrinsic religiosity positively affects the ethical CSR attitude and negatively affects the financial CSR attitude, whereas extrinsic religiosity stimulates the philanthropic CSR attitude. Financial, ethical, and philanthropic CSR attitudes significantly affect some types of CSR behaviors. However, because religiosity has opposing effects on the three attitudes, the joint mediation effect of the three attitudes is negligible. Furthermore, we find a direct negative influence of intrinsic religiosity on diversity and a direct positive influence on charity.