240 results on '"regionalization"'
Search Results
2. Public Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration in Smaller Canadian Communities.
- Author
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ESSES, VICTORIA M., SUTTER, ALINA, HAMILTON, LEAH K., BILODEAU, ANTOINE, PALMA, PAOLO, LACASSAGNE, AURÉLIE, NEUMAN, KEITH, and GAUCHER, DANIELLE
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *PUBLIC opinion , *METROPOLIS , *COMMUNITIES - Abstract
Canadian immigration programs are increasingly emphasizing regionalization in order to contribute to the population base of smaller Canadian communities and to address local labour market needs. Despite frequent Canadian national surveys of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration, however, little is known about the warmth of the welcome presented to immigrants in regions outside of the large metropolises. The current study involved a representative survey of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in eleven smaller communities across Canada, including Kamloops (BC), Wood Buffalo (AB), Prince Albert (SK), Brandon (MB), Thunder Bay (ON), Greater Sudbury (ON), Saint-Hyacinthe (QC), Bathurst (NB), Charlottetown (PEI), Cape Breton (NS), and St. John’s (NL). The study also examined the extent to which individual demographic characteristics and two community variables – the size of the community and the immigrant share of the community population – predicted these attitudes. While there were differences between the surveyed communities, overall, residents of these communities were relatively satisfied with Canada’s immigration levels, were quite willing to believe that refugee claimants are “real” refugees and that the Federal Government has control over who can immigrate, and supported bringing in immigrants who have the work skills that the country needs. They were less sure of the integration of immigrants into Canadian society in terms of adopting Canadian values. Younger, female, White and highly educated residents of these communities were more likely to hold positive immigration attitudes. Furthermore, immigrant respondents were more likely to hold positive attitudes toward immigration and less likely to believe that immigrants are not adopting Canadian values and that the government has lost control over who can immigrate. At the community level, residents in communities in which immigrants constitute a higher share of the population were more likely to express negative attitudes toward immigrants and immigration. Overall, the findings provide some optimism for the positive reception that immigrants are likely to receive in smaller Canadian communities. They also demonstrate, however, that attitudes in these communities are not uniform and provide information for community leaders and policy-makers about who is most likely to benefit from interventions to promote more positive attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The public territorial policy: Stakeholders' rationalities and democracy making.
- Author
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Zineb, SITRI, Najoua, MAAROUF, and Naima, SABIR
- Subjects
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HUMAN territoriality , *STAKEHOLDERS , *DEMOCRACY , *GOVERNMENT policy , *STAKEHOLDER analysis - Abstract
Context and Background: Changes in the way powers are structured in Morocco have had an impact on the dynamics linking territorial stakeholders and on territorial development. Indeed, following the innovations of the 2011 Constitution and the process of advanced regionalization, territorial stakeholders have been given new prerogatives and responsibilities, with the aim of reframing the scope of public policy, which is now intended to be more territorialized and therefore more democratic. Goal and Objectives: Analyze developments in territorial public action in the light of interactions between territorial stakeholders with a view of identifying the dynamics and challenges of the territorial construction process. Methodology: This is an attempt to qualitative analysis of political-institutional developments based on a cross-study combining analysis of doctrinal foundations and appreciation of official documents. Results: Many stakeholders are involved in this regional reconstruction, which is bound to change the way public policies are conceived. Whether it's a simple change of scale or a shift in an entire political paradigm, this adjustment could have effects on both the design of public policy and the functions of the stakeholder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Regional Input-Output Tables and Trade Flows: an Integrated and Interregional Non-survey Approach
- Author
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Rivera, Michael [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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5. Les défis de l’aménagement du territoire en Tunisie : du gouvernement à la gouvernance ?
- Author
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Houda Baïr
- Subjects
Tunisie ,aménagement du territoire ,disparités régionales ,décentralisation ,régionalisation ,gouvernance multiniveau ,Tunisia ,land-use planning ,regional inequalities ,decentralization ,regionalization ,multilevel governance ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
La révolution tunisienne de 2010-2011 a placé l’organisation administrative territoriale au coeur du débat politique et des enjeux sociétaux. Elle a été en effet provoquée dans une large mesure par l’accentuation des disparités interrégionales, conséquence de l’absence de résultats des politiques successives d’aménagement du territoire. À la lumière de la théorie de la régulation publique territoriale, ces disparités peuvent être analysées comme un effet du centralisme étatique et de l’exercice autoritaire du pouvoir, qui se sont eux-mêmes inscrits dans la continuité de la gestion politique des beys et du protectorat français. Tout en instaurant en 1956 une rupture politique, les acteurs de l’indépendance n’ont pas échappé à cet héritage. Sur le plan économique, celui-ci a conduit à accorder la priorité à la croissance nationale plutôt qu’au développement des territoires. Portée par une aspiration politique antagonique, la configuration née de la révolution est elle-même porteuse d’un nouveau modèle d’organisation territoriale. Sur la base des orientations adoptées par l’Assemblée constituante élue en octobre 2011, ce modèle a vocation à mettre en oeuvre les principes de décentralisation et de régionalisation inscrits dans la Constitution de 2014. Sous la poussée des mobilisations protestataires régionales et des expériences collectives de développement local, la politique d’aménagement du territoire pourrait dès lors passer d’un système gouvernemental centralisé à une géogouvernance multiniveau. Elle prendrait ainsi la forme d’un partenariat actif entre les représentants étatiques et les responsables territoriaux. Ce serait là tout à la fois une modalité majeure et un mode de consolidation du processus de transition démocratique.
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- 2022
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6. Les défis de l'aménagement du territoire en Tunisie : du gouvernement à la gouvernance ?
- Author
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Baïr, Houda
- Abstract
Copyright of Governance Review / Revue Gouvernance is the property of University of Ottawa, Center on Governance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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7. RE- « PANSER » LES STRATEGIES D'INTERNATIONALISATION: L'ALTERNATIVE REGIONALE EN ASIE DU SUD-EST?
- Author
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WINKLER, FLORENCE
- Subjects
VALUE chains ,OFFSHORE outsourcing ,GLOBALIZATION ,GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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8. Evaluation du rendement en coton-graine de nouveaux génotypes de cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutum L.) sélectionnés au Bénin Evaluation du rendement de nouveaux génotypes de coton.
- Author
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Aboua, Charlemagne D., Hougni, Alexis, Hougni, Déo-Gratias J. M., Sinha, Marius G., and Yavoedji, Godonou
- Abstract
This paper aimed at identifying the most productive upland cotton genotypes among seven new releases (P 625-1, P 746-1, Q 674-2, Q 723-4, Q 792-2, R 663-4 et R 689-1). The controls were the 3 varieties currently in use in Benin: ANG 956, OKP 768, and KET 782. Overall, 146 variety trials have been set over 3 years. All the new releases were evaluated on station, whereas only P 625-1 and P 746-1 have been tested on farmer field trials. Experiments were run according to a randomized complete block design. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model. The Genotype x Macro-environment interaction was retrieved from an Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) model. Yields were poor in 2015, but got better thereafter. The Genotype x Year interaction was not significant (P>0.05). The Genotype x Macroenvironment interaction was small, though significant (P<0.001). On station, R 663-4 and P 625-1 out-performed the check-varieties in Upper-North and South respectively. From the farmer-field trials, P 746-1 was the most productive in the Upper-North. In the South, P 625-1 ranked higher than KET 782. R 663-4, P 625-1, and P 746-1 are the most promising genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
9. Les causes économiques et socio-politiques du passage de la régionalisation à la départementalisation en Haïti.
- Author
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ALTENOR, ACHETON
- Abstract
Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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10. La mer, un vecteur de construction régionale dans l’espace interaméricain ? Une lecture géographique et géopolitique de la maritimisation
- Author
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Domergue, Sylvain
- Subjects
regional integration ,intégration régionale ,maritime security ,regionalization ,maritime region ,région maritime ,espace interaméricain ,inter-American space ,régionalisation ,sécurité maritime - Abstract
Cet article vise à mettre en évidence l’importance de la maritimisation dans l’espace interaméricain, et son rôle dans le développement d’une intégration régionale autour des enjeux qu’elle soulève. A la différence d’une lecture traditionnellement orientée autour du seul bassin caribéen, l’étude conduite met en évidence une régionalisation des interactions maritimes, commerciales mais également des flux illicites, autour d’un vaste ensemble géographique comprenant les côtes pacifique de l’Amérique centrale et de l’Equateur, le golfe du Mexique, la Mer des Antilles, et les approches atlantiques jusqu’au plateau des Guyanes. Les enquêtes de terrain, les entretiens conduits et l’analyse des discours mettent également en lumière une volonté des acteurs de la sécurité maritime nichés à différents niveaux de gouvernance (Etats, organisations internationales, entreprises, etc.) de privilégier le prisme régional afin de prévenir et lutter contre des risques et menaces d’ordre maritime transnationaux. Cela se traduit par la construction de réseaux et mécanismes de coopération d’échelles variables, mais visant à placer l’ensemble des acteurs considérés dans une relative unité de situation face à des problématiques de sécurité considérées comme communes. Cette coopération multi-niveaux tend à favoriser des processus d’intégration régionale par une défragmentation progressive de l’espace maritime étudié, une réduction des effets-frontières entre unités spatiales contigües (adoption de matériels communs, uniformisation des protocoles d’action, adoption d’un même langage opérationnel, convergence des réglementations, échanges de renseignement et de personnel, etc.), et création d’espaces de gouvernance partagés, à l’image des Search and Rescue Regions, ou le développement de zones de protection maritime multinationales. Cette intégration demeure toutefois incomplète, en raison des carences capacitaires de nombreux acteurs et de blocages politiques persistants. This article aims to highlight the importance of maritimization in the inter-American space, and its role in the development of regional integration around the issues it raises. In contrast to a traditional reading of the Caribbean basin alone, the study highlights a regionalization of maritime and commercial interactions, as well as illicit flows, around a vast geographical area that includes the Pacific coasts of Central America and Ecuador, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic approaches to the Guiana Shield. Field surveys, interviews and analysis of speeches also highlight the willingness of maritime security actors at different levels of governance (States, international organizations, companies, etc.) to focus on the regional prism in order to prevent and fight against transnational maritime risks and threats. This results in the construction of networks and cooperation mechanisms of varying scales, but aiming to place all the actors considered in a relative unity of situation in the face of security issues considered as common. This multi-level cooperation tends to promote regional integration processes through a progressive defragmentation of the maritime space studied, a reduction of border effects between contiguous spatial units (adoption of common equipment, standardization of action protocols, adoption of the same operational language, convergence of regulations, exchange of intelligence and personnel, etc.), and the creation of shared governance spaces, such as Search and Rescue Regions, or the development of multinational maritime protection zones. However, this integration remains incomplete, due to the lack of capacity of many actors and persistent political blockages.
- Published
- 2023
11. Higher Education in the Arab States: The Realities and Challenges of Regionalization.
- Author
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Jafar, Hayfa and Knight, Jane
- Subjects
HIGHER education & state ,ARABS ,ARAB Americans ,STUDENT mobility ,POLITICAL stability ,HIGHER education - Abstract
Copyright of Comparative & International Education is the property of Canadian & International Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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12. Une approche néo-institutionnaliste des systèmes de gestion des pêches en Europe et en Amérique du Nord.
- Author
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Le Floc'h, Pascal and Wilson, James R.
- Subjects
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FISHERIES , *RIGHTS - Abstract
This article focuses on the advantages and limitations of regionalization in fisheries, using the experiences of Europe, the United States, and Canada. Regionalization in European fisheries has encountered several obstacles that have greatly reduced its scope since implemented in 2004. After discussing the historical dimension of the Common Fisheries Policy, the methodological approach draws on neo-institutional economics and research on the socio-systems. The third section is devoted to a comparative approach between three main fisheries management systems in Europe, the United-States and Canada. Since the passage of the Magnuson Act, the U.S. has experimented with advanced forms of decentralization. Canada, on the other hand, has evolved towards a more centralized form of fisheries management. In reviewing these three cases, Europe seems to be somewhere between these other two examples. Decentralized management using markets and rights-based management in principle offers a better allocation of fishing efforts than centralized management because it takes into account the regional or even local nature of the resources exploited and the human populations that depend on them. However, the financial burden related to decentralized fisheries management may be expensive for the institutions involved. The comparative approach of the three major fisheries management systems is based on institutions guided by the search for a compromise between ecological and socio-economic criteria. Indeed, fisheries management in Europe and North American is now integrated into an ecosystems approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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13. Définition en discours de l’idéal-type eurorégional: consensus et zones d’ombre autour d’une politique expérimentale
- Author
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Marie-Hélène Hermand
- Subjects
analyse du discours ,eurorégions ,régionalisation ,régions frontalières ,textométrie ,cross-border regions ,discourse analysis ,euroregions ,regionalization ,textometry ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
The article examines the discursive construction of emerging Euroregions in Europe. By analyzing the discourse produced by institutions, economic actors and media, we reconstruct the definition of the Euroregional project from various enunciative positions and irrespective of the languages or the geographical location of Euroregions. On one hand, the results show characteristic metaphors of the European political discourse (construction, experimentation, body) that introduce the imagination of a territorial continuum in Europe. On the other hand, the results show some gray areas (divisions, approximations, dispersions, competition) that make the definition of the Euroregional project blurred and difficult to understand for the European citizen. The analysis is based on a genuine multilingual corpus to detect regularities relative to the Euroregional discourse. It mobilizes simple but verifiable textometric results that serve as benchmarks for qualitative analysis.
- Published
- 2016
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14. Transport pédiatrique médicalisé en France en 2018.
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Jourdain, G., Lodé, N., and Chabernaud, J.-L.
- Abstract
Résumé Des équipes dédiées réalisent des transports médicalisés pédiatriques et néonatals depuis la fin des années 70 en France. Le Groupe francophone de réanimation et urgences pédiatriques (GFRUP) a réalisé un état des lieux en 2017 sur la situation en France métropolitaine. Il en ressort qu'il y a maintenant dans chacune des 12 régions métropolitaines au moins 2 équipes de SMUR pédiatrique. Le mode de fonctionnement et l'activité varient beaucoup d'une équipe à l'autre. Cela va de quelques centaines de transports à près de 2000. Les équipes réalisant le plus de transports sont en général dédiées, alors que les autres sont détachées « à la demande » de la réanimation à laquelle elles appartiennent. L'âge limite des enfants transportés varie aussi, certains SMUR ont une activité exclusivement néonatale et, d'autres transportent les enfants jusqu'à 18 ans. Les SMUR pédiatriques évoluent en « s'appropriant » des techniques réservées jusqu'à présent aux services de réanimation, les exemples en sont la ventilation par oscillation à haute fréquence, l'hypothermie thérapeutique active, l'assistance circulatoire extracorporelle et l'échographie transthoracique. La formation initiale et continue, médicale et paramédicale, fait partie des missions universitaires confiées aux SMUR pédiatriques. La place des parents lors des soins est une problématique qui s'est imposée en réanimation et il en est de même pour les équipes de transport. En presque un demi-siècle le rôle des SMUR pédiatriques a grandement évolué, de structure de sauvetage en dernier recours ils sont devenus un maillon rationnel de la chaîne de soins pédiatriques au sein des réseaux régionaux. Summary Dedicated teams perform neonatal and pediatric transports since the late 70s in France. In 2017, Groupe francophone de réanimation et urgences pédiatriques (GFRUP) has ordered a survey about the French organization of pediatric retrieval teams. There are at least two teams in each of the 12 regions of metropolitan France. The amount of transfers varies widely from one team to another (a few hundreds to nearly 2000). Teams performing most transfers are dedicated while the other ones are "on demand". There is a great variation in the age limit: exclusive neonatal team for some and until 18 years for others. Pediatric retrieval teams are able to use sophisticated techniques which used to be usable only in intensive care unit like ventilation with high frequency oscillation, active therapeutic hypothermia, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and trans-thoracic echocardiography. Initial and continuing training are part of the duty of many university retrieval teams. Family centered care is now a key point in transfers' management. In half a century, neonatal and pediatric transport has widely evolved, and is now a recognized part of the healthcare chain inside perinatal and pediatric networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Essai sur l'économie politique du développement : en hommage à Philippe Hugon.
- Author
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EGG, Johny, GABAS, Jean-Jacques, GERONIMI, Vincent, and VERNIÈRES, Michel
- Abstract
Copyright of Mondes en Developpement is the property of De Boeck Universite and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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16. Especialización económica, esclavitud y regionalización del espacio cubano, 1789-1862.
- Author
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García, Antonio Santamaría
- Abstract
The growth and specialization of Cuba's economy since the end of the 18th Century and while slavery was maintained has been studied extensively, but there are perspectives that enjoy little research. One of them, important for its socio-demographic implications, is the linking of economic processes and the settlement and colonization of the island, which took place in parallel, and the consequent regionalization of its offer. This article proposes a preliminary analysis of the topic, for which it proposes a methodology consisting of observing the changes in the main production of each of the regions in which the territory was divided in the census years and preparing a planimetry. The study carried out thus concludes that the specialization was not a linear process, it underwent transformations in time determined by the relative endowment of factors, the effect of international demand and the comparative advantage of the different island areas. The most outstanding thing is that the areas in which coffee was prioritized were the most affected by the extension of the sugar industry, due to the reasons mentioned, but also because in the western half of the country they shared the same spaces. El crecimiento y especialización de la economía de Cuba desde finales del siglo XVIII y mientras se mantuvo la esclavitud ha sido profusamente estudiado, pero hay perspectivas relevantes que gozan de poca investigación. Una de ellas, importante por sus implicaciones espacio-demográficas es la vinculación de los procesos económicos, poblamiento y colonización de la isla, que discurrieron en paralelo, y la consiguiente regionalización de su oferta. Este artículo propone un análisis preliminar del tema, para lo que plantea una metodología consistente en observar los cambios en la producción principal de cada una de las regiones en las que se dividió el territorio en los años censales y elaborar una planimetría. El estudio así efectuado permite concluir que la especialización no fue un proceso lineal, experimentó [End Page 79] transformaciones en el tiempo determinadas por la dotación relativa de factores, el efecto de la demanda internacional y la ventaja comparativa de las distintas áreas insulares. Lo más destacado es que las zonas en la que se priorizó el cultivo de café fueron las más perjudicadas por la extensión de la industria azucarera, debido a las razones referidas, pero también a que en la mitad oeste del país compartieron los mismos espacios. La croissance et la spécialisation de l'économie cubaine depuis la fin du XVIIIème siècle et pendant la période de l'esclavage ont été abondamment étudiées, même si certains de leurs aspects restent encore inexploités. Parmi ces zones d'ombre, on peut penser à la corrélation – importante pour ce qu'elle implique au niveau de l'espace et de la démographie – entre les processus économiques et le peuplement (et colonisation) de l'île, qui eurent lieu de manière concomitante, ainsi qu'à la régionalisation subséquente du marché cubain. Cet article propose une première analyse de ce thème, afin d'établir une méthodologie cohérente portant sur les changements observés dans la production principale de chacune de ces régions, nées du découpage territorial effectué pendant les années de recensement, et en vue d'élaborer une planimétrie. Notre étude permet de conclure que la spécialisation ne fut pas un processus linéaire et qu'elle engendra des transformations dans le temps qui furent motivées par l'apparition de facteurs externes, par la demande internationale et les avantages divers et variés de différents espaces insulaires. Il est intéressant de noter que les secteurs qui priorisèrent la culture du café furent les plus touchés par le développement de l'industrie sucrière par exemple, du fait des raisons précédemment évoquées, mais également que dans la moitié ouest de l'île les deux types de production agricole étaient présents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. ANALYSE MULTIDIMENSIONNELLE DES PRECIPITATIONS ANNUELLES DANS LE BASSIN VERSANT DE L'OUED MINA (ALGERIE).
- Author
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R., GHERNAOUT and B., REMINI
- Abstract
Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
18. Genealogy of the Other and Practices of Spatialization.
- Author
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Marinković, Dušan, Ristić, Dušan, and Lazar, Žolt
- Subjects
SOCIAL epistemology ,DIALECTIC ,HUMAN geography ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,GENEALOGY ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Synthesis Philosophica is the property of Croatian Philosophical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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19. Regionalization in the Yangtze River Delta, China, from the perspective of inter-city daily mobility.
- Author
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Zhang, Weiyang, Derudder, Ben, Wang, Jianghao, and Shen, Wei
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,GEOPHYSICAL observations ,SOCIAL mobility ,HUMAN mechanics - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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20. Régionalisation avancée : quels apports pour l’autonomie financière régionale ? Cas de la région Fès-Meknès
- Author
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AIT OUALI, Meryem
- Subjects
Constitution ,régionalisation ,autonomie financière, régions ,regionalization ,financial autonomy, regions - Abstract
Regionalization is seen as a political priority involving a real transfer of competences, responsibilities and financial, human and technical resources to the regions. Indeed, the success of this project depends on a whole series of factors, such as the availability of financial and human resources, the participation of citizens in the management of public affairs, the transfer of new skills. This article is devoted to the study of the perception of actors on regionalization and its contribution to the financial autonomy of the Moroccan regions and more particularly to the Fez-Meknes region. This is how we proposed to study the adoption of this project as a new approach for regional financial management in Morocco. The purpose of the latter is, on the one hand, to provide the regions with sufficient resources to enable them to exercise their devolved powers and responsibilities, and on the other hand, to give them real decision-making power and room for manoeuvre in terms of expenditure, revenue and borrowing. We approach this research through a quantitative study among 42 regional actors and administrative staff of the Fez-Meknes region, we use the correlation test to validate the hypotheses of the model. The results obtained suggest that a model of financial autonomy cannot be considered universal. On the other hand, it can be invested through certain characteristics related to revenue, expenditure, and borrowing. JEL Classification: H10 Paper type:Empirical research., La régionalisation est considérée comme une priorité politique impliquant un réel transfert de compétences, de responsabilités et de moyens financiers, humains et techniques aux régions. En effet, la réussite de cette réorganisation dépend de toute une série de facteurs, tels que la disponibilité des ressources financières et humaines, la participation des citoyens à la gestion des affaires publiques et le transfert de nouvelles compétences. Cet article est consacré à l’étude de la perception des acteurs sur la régionalisation et sa contribution à l’autonomie financière des régions marocaines et plus particulièrement à la région Fès-Meknès. C’est ainsi que nous avons proposé d’étudier l’adoption de la régionalisation comme une nouvelle approche pour la gestion financière régionale au Maroc. Cette dernière a pour finalité, d’une part, de mettre à la disposition des régions des ressources suffisantes pour qu’elles puissent exercer leurs attributions et compétences transférées, et d’autre part de les doter d’un véritable pouvoir de décision et d’une marge de manœuvre au niveau des dépenses, des recettes et d’emprunt. Nous abordons cette recherche à travers une étude quantitative auprès de 42 acteurs régionaux et staff administratif de la région Fès-Meknès, nous utilisons le test de corrélation pour valider les hypothèses du modèle. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent qu’un modèle d’autonomie financière ne peut être considéré comme universel. En revanche, elle peut être investie à travers certaines caractéristiques liées aux recettes, dépenses, et à l’emprunt. JEL Classification: H10 Type de papier: Recherche appliquée.
- Published
- 2022
21. Regional input-output tables and trade flows: an integrated and interregional non-survey approach.
- Author
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Boero, Riccardo, Edwards, Brian K., and Rivera, Michael K.
- Subjects
INPUT-output analysis ,HOMOGENEITY ,COMMERCE ,LABOR market ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A Programação Pactuada e Integrada como instrumento de garantí a da integralidade da atenção à saúde no SUS.
- Author
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Carrilho de Oliveira Moreira, Lenice and Mamoru Tamaki, Edson
- Abstract
The study analyzed the Agreed and Integrated Programming (PPI) as an instrument to guarantee the population's access to health actions and services in eight counties of South-Mato Grosso, using a qualitative exploratory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The results allowed to conclude that PPI is not performing its role as an instrument to guarantee the access of the population to services of greater complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. LE NORD QUÉBÉCOIS : UN PLAN, TROIS RÉGIONS, NEUF DÉFIS.
- Author
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SIMARD, Martin
- Subjects
NORD-du-Quebec (Quebec) ,QUEBECOIS politics & government ,ABORIGINAL Canadians ,HISTORY ,ECONOMIC history ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Regionalization, territorial projects and the Coteaux de Gascogne Development Company
- Author
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Carrausse, Romain
- Subjects
ecologization ,Urban Studies ,Global and Planetary Change ,action research ,Société d’Aménagement Régional ,water management ,écologisation ,gestion de l’eau ,regionalization ,Geography, Planning and Development ,recherche-action ,régionalisation - Abstract
Cet article analyse la dialectique entre les transformations des modes de gestion de l’eau, la construction de nouvelles échelles de gestion et les stratégies de la Compagnie d’Aménagement des Coteaux de Gascogne (CACG) pour maintenir son rôle. Partant du constat d’une relative interdépendance entre ces trajectoires, ce travail montre qu’un désalignement s’amorce à partir de la fin des années 1980. La CACG fait alors face à une double polarité territoriale : régionalisation d’un côté, projet de territoire de l’autre. Sa tentative tardive de reconfigurer ses modes d’action sera un échec. La région Occitanie, dans une volonté d’assoir son pouvoir dans la gestion de l’eau, demande le maintien du statu quo quant au devenir de la CACG. This article analyzes the dialectic between the trajectory of water management in Adour-Garonne and that of the Compagnie d'Aménagement des Coteaux de Gascogne (CACG), a Regional Development Company. Starting from the observation of a relative interdependence of these two trajectories, this work shows that a misalignment begins in the 1980s. It follows the maintenance of a model of co-management and the same ways of doing things in hydraulic developments by the CACG, while water management shows phenomena of regionalization, ecologization and conflict. The late attempt of the CACG to become l’Entreprise des Territoires in order to internalize the transformations at work will be a failure. The Occitanie region, under the pretext of the regionalization of State concessions and the recapitalization of the CACG, then asked that the status quo be maintained as to the future of the organization.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Les modes de coordination dans le processus de régionalisation des multinationales japonaises en Europe
- Author
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Remanda, Louis-Caleb and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Strategic Coordination ,Regionalization ,Japanese multinationals ,Regional Headquarters ,Coordination stratégiques ,Régionalisation ,Sièges régionaux ,European Union ,Relations mères-Filles ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,Parent-Subsidiary relationship ,Union Européenne ,Multinationales japonaises - Abstract
This thesis focuses on the organizational relationships of multinational companies (MNCs) in their regionalization process. While most of the research in International Strategy highlights the relationship from the parent company to the subsidiary, this work aims to demonstrate an inverse relationship in whose impact tends to influence the global strategy of the overall multinational organization.Contrary to what exists in the literature in International Business and Strategy Management, the project is concerned with behavioral dynamics; among other things, how the entrepreneurial behavior of subsidiaries modifies the initial coordination modalities of global headquarters.Referring to an institutional and embedded logic of an host environment filled with specific actors and factors, the empirical approach focus its case study on Japanese regional headquarters (RHQ) operating in both automotive and electronic sectors within the European Union market.The ambition of this approach, supported by qualitative reasoning, should help us to highlight the favorable conditions for initiatives taken by these RHQs and how they would improve the existing coordination between the parent company and the subsidiary., Cette thèse s'intéresse aux relations organisationnelles des entreprises multinationales (EMN), dans leur processus de régionalisation. Si la majorité des travaux en Stratégie Internationale mettent en lumière, la relation partant de la maison-mère vers la fille, ce travail veut démontrer qu'il existerait une relation inverse dont l'impact tend à influencer la stratégie globale de l'organisation multinationale.Contrairement à ce qui existe dans la littérature en Management International et en Management Stratégique, le projet se préoccupe des dynamiques comportementales ; entre autres, comment le comportement entrepreneurial des filiales modifie les modalités de coordination initiales des sièges internationaux.En se référant à une logique institutionnelle, encastrée par un ensemble d'acteurs et de facteurs propres à l'environnement d'accueil, la démarche empirique se focalise sur le cas de sièges régionaux (RHQ) japonais opérant dans les secteurs automobile et électronique du marché économique européen.L'ambition de cette démarche, soutenu par un raisonnement qualitatif devrait, nous aider à mettre en lumière les conditions favorables pour des initiatives prises par ces RHQ et comment elles amélioreraient la coordination existante entre la maison-mère et la filiale.
- Published
- 2022
26. QUESTIONING NEW REGIONALISM FROM AN ITALIAN PERSPECTIVE, OR THE RESISTIBLE RISE OF ITALIAN REGIONS.
- Author
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Salone, Carlo
- Subjects
REGIONALISM ,CONSTITUTIONAL reform ,NATIONAL unification ,DEFINITIONS - Abstract
Copyright of Pôle Sud is the property of Centre Comparatif d'Etudes sur les Politiques Publiques et les Espaces Locaux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. El programa regionalizado de Antropología de la Universidad de Antioquia: una experiencia académica de encuentro con el otro.
- Author
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Muñoz Ortiz, Luz Dary and Barrera Valencia, Dagoberto
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletin de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Cooperação e Coordenação na Implementação de Políticas Públicas: O Caso da Saúde.
- Author
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Menicucci, Telma and de Faria Marques, Alisson Maciel
- Abstract
Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. ETUDE DE LA VARIABILITE ET DE LA STRUCTURE DE PLUIE ANNUELLE DANS UNE REGION SEMI-ARIDE : CAS DU BASSIN VERSANT DE LA MACTA (NORD-OUEST ALGERIEN).
- Author
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B., CHIBANE, M., BENTCHAKAL, A., MEDJERAB, and B., BENFARES
- Abstract
Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
30. STILL LONELY AFTER ALL THESE YEARS ? CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT IN THE 'THRE GUIANAS'.
- Author
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Hoefte, Rosemarijn, Bishop, Matthew, and Clegg, Peter
- Subjects
- *
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *MULTICULTURALISM , *SOCIAL history - Abstract
Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana have traditionally been seen as isolated: from each other; from the Caribbean with which they are socially and culturally contiguous; and also from the South American continent in which they are geographically situated. Moreover, divided by language and relationships of varying intensity with their former colonisers, very little research exists which analyzes their development predicament collectively. This article seeks to overcome some of these deficiencies. It shows how similar processes of change internally, regionally and globally are provoking new patterns of development and engagement with the world in all three Guianas. The central conclusion of the paper points towards the need for a new research agenda which focuses on these unique territories as distinctive prisms through which to view various dimensions of contemporary globalisation. These include emerging Brazilian hegemony in South America, the ecological devastation wrought by extractive industries, the accompanying clandestine trade in humans and narcotics which flourishes in regions with fuzzy borders, limited state reach, and, in some cases, compromised- and potentially even partially criminalized-state institutions themselves, and the precarious position of indigenous Amerindian and Maroon communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Empirical statistical characterization and regionalization of amplitude–duration–frequency curves for extreme peak flows in the Lake Victoria Basin, East Africa.
- Author
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Onyutha, Charles and Willems, Patrick
- Subjects
- *
EMPIRICAL research , *PROBLEM solving , *STATISTICS , *WATERSHEDS , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
This paper focuses on a regionalization attempt to partly solve data limitation problems in statistical analysis of high flows to derive discharge–duration–frequency (QDF) relationships. The analysis is based on 24 selected catchments in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) in East Africa. Characteristics of the theoretical QDF relationships were parameterized to capture their slopes of extreme value distributions (evd), tail behaviour and scaling measures. To enable QDF estimates to be obtained for ungauged catchments, interdependence relationships between the QDF parameters were identified, and regional regression models were developed to explain the regional difference in these parameters from physiographic characteristics. In validation of the regression models, from the lowest (5 years) to the highest (25 years) return periods considered, the percentage bias in the QDF estimates ranged from –2% for the 5-year return period to 27% for 25-year return period.Editor D. Koutsoyiannis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Regionalization of Youth and Adolescent Weight Metrics for the Continental United States Using Contiguity-Constrained Clustering and Partitioning.
- Author
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Adu-Prah, Samuel and Oyana, Tonny J.
- Subjects
- *
GROUP psychotherapy for youth , *ADOLESCENT psychology , *JUVENILE delinquency , *SOCIAL work with youth - Abstract
Contemporary spatial data collection techniques, analyses, and presentations have created new opportunities for public health analyses that sometimes render existing administrative and statistical boundaries unsuitable. This article presents an applied algorithm, regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning (REDCAP), to create regions other than pre-defined regions. The regions created in the study were based on the weight of youth in the continental United States. The REDCAP algorithm incorporates a spatial contiguity restriction to create regions with the same characteristics and value. The regions created overcome the existing challenge in cartography in which administrative and statistical regions are often used in presenting results. The study generated 10- and 25-class regions that reflected high and low obesity prevalence among US youth without using existing county and state boundaries. The results revealed new insights about regions comprising counties identified as having high obesity prevalence. Some of the counties identified in the established regions interestingly have not been recorded as at risk for high obesity prevalence in previous studies. A crucial advantage of the approach is that it minimizes the bias contained in existing administrative and statistical regions, a challenge in cartography. Furthermore, the approach effectively creates regions based on a specific theme and objective function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. L'INTÉGRATION RÉGIONALE ET LES TRAPPES À VULNÉRABILITÉ.
- Author
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Hugon, Philippe
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,REGIONALISM ,PRECARITY ,MACROECONOMICS ,MICROECONOMICS ,GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Characterization of catchment behaviour and rainfall selection for flash flood hydrological model calibration: catchments of the eastern Pyrenees.
- Author
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Garambois, P.A., Roux, H., Larnier, K., Labat, D., and Dartus, D.
- Subjects
- *
WATERSHEDS , *RAINFALL , *FLOODS , *HYDROLOGY , *PREDICTION models , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Accurate flash flood prediction depends heavily on rainfall data quality and knowledge of catchment behaviour. A methodology based on global sensitivity analysis and hydrological similarity is proposed to analyse flash storm-flood events with a mechanistic model. The behaviour of medium-sized catchments is identified in terms of rainfall–runoff conservation. On the basis of this shared behaviour, rainfall products with questionable quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) are excluded. This facilitates selection of rainfall inputs for calibration, whereas it can be difficult to choose between two rainfall products by direct comparison. A substantial database of 43 flood events on 11 catchment areas was studied. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies for this dataset are around 0.9 in calibration and 0.7 in validation for flash flood simulation in 250-km2catchments with selected QPE. The resulting calibration framework and qualification of possible losses for different bedrock types are also interesting bases for flash flood prediction at ungauged locations.Editor D. Koutsoyiannis [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Expansão geográfica, fronteira e regionalização: a região de Carajás
- Author
-
Maurílio de Abreu Monteiro and Regiane Paracampos da Silva
- Subjects
Amazon rainforest ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Carajás ,General Medicine ,régionalisation ,fronteira ,frontier ,capital accumulation ,frontière ,accumulation de capital ,Geography ,Amazônia ,acumulação do capital ,lcsh:G ,regionalization ,Humanities ,Amazon ,Amazonie ,regionalização - Abstract
O artigo discute os fundamentos da expansão geográfica e da reorganização espacial, que produziram a fronteira amazônica. Indica que a apropriação espacial na fronteira efetiva-se de forma seletiva por grupos sociais com poderes econômicos e políticos diversos, regionalizando-a. Nesse contexto, os caminhos metodológicos percorridos visam a lançar luz sobre a segmentação do espaço, apontando especificidades históricas e geográficas que permitem afirmar que a configuração territorial da região de Carajás consolidou-se na segunda metade dos anos 80 do século XX. The article discusses the fundamentals of geographic expansion and spatial reorganization, pointing out that the production of the Amazon frontier is their product. It indicates that social groups with diverse economic and political power carry out spatial appropriation selectively at the border, regionalizing it. Context in which, it presents methodological paths for of space production, segmentation and, finally, based on them, it points out historical-geographical specificities that allow to consider that, in the second half of the 1980s, evidence of the constitution of the constitution of territorial shape of the Carajás region was consolidated. Le présent article examine les fondements de l'expansion géographique et de la réorganisation spatiale qui ont déterminé la frontière amazonienne. L'appropriation spatiale à la frontière est réalisée de manière sélective par des groupes sociaux qui détiennent des pouvoirs économiques et politiques divers, la régionalisant. Dans ce contexte, les approches méthodologiques visent à apporter un éclairage sur la segmentation spatiale et à faire connaître les spécificités historiques et géographiques qui permettent d’affirmer que la configuration territoriale de la région de Carajás s’est consolidée dans la seconde moitié des années 80 du XXe siècle.
- Published
- 2021
36. Vulnérabilités et recompositions baltiques : les conséquences d’une géopolitique insidieuse
- Author
-
Nicolas Escach
- Subjects
Baltic Sea ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,tensiones híbridas ,Mathematical geography. Cartography ,geopolitics ,02 engineering and technology ,GA1-1776 ,Hybrid Warfare ,tensions hybrides ,conflicts ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,régionalisation ,regionalización ,16. Peace & justice ,Báltico ,Baltique ,conflictos ,géopolitique ,regionalization ,conflits ,050703 geography ,geopolítica - Abstract
Depuis le milieu de la décennie 2000, les questions de sécurité dure, évacuées après la chute du Rideau de fer, ont rejailli progressivement entre partenaires baltiques. La crise de 2014 en Crimée a attisé les craintes quant à la menace russe. Contrairement au cas ukrainien, le front baltique est pour l’instant condamné à rester immobile, ce qui ouvre tout grand la possibilité de conflits hybrides chahutant la limite plus qu’ils ne la déplacent. Bien que de plus en plus médiatisée, la zone baltique est devenue le décor de dislocations légères, de conflits larvés, d’intimidations sourdes, en somme d’une géopolitique insidieuse. Ces perturbations en mode mineur, produits de tensions faibles, n’ont de force que leur accumulation, laquelle rend structurants et dangereux des événements diffus, discontinus et de basse intensité. La multiplication des fragilisations a accentué la vulnérabilité des territoires à toutes les échelles menaçant ou altérant l’interterritorialité si souvent associée à l’espace baltique. Since the mid 2000s, security issues, which had been evacuated after the fall of the Iron Curtain, have gradually resurfaced between Baltic partners. The 2014 Crimean crisis fueled fears about the Russian threat. Unlike Ukraine, the Baltic front is momentarily immobilised, which opens the horizon wide to hybrid conflicts that challenges without moving the limits. Although increasingly publicized, the Baltic area has become the theater of slight dislocations, latent conflicts, muffled intimidation, in short, insidious geopolitics. What force these minor disturbances, the product of slight tensions, have is only in their accumulation. It is this accretion that structures and renders dangerous the dispersed, halting events of low intensity. The multiplication of fractures has accentuated territorial vulnerabilities at all levels, threatening and even altering the inter-territoriality so often associated with the Baltic area. Desde mediados de la década de 2000 las cuestiones de seguridad, olvidadas después de la caída del Telón de Acero, han resurgido gradualmente entre los socios bálticos con la crisis de Crimea de 2014, que acrecentó los temores a una amenaza potencial rusa. A diferencia del caso ucraniano, el frente báltico continua inmóvil aunque existe la posibilidad de conflictos híbridos que alteren los límites fronterizos. En un contexto muy mediático, la zona báltica se ha convertido en un escenario geopolítico insidioso con pequeñas dislocaciones, conflictos latentes o intimidaciones amortiguada. Estas perturbaciones menores, producto de bajas tensiones, sólo tendrán fuerza en su acumulación, pudiendo convertir situaciones difusas, discontinuas y de baja intensidad en otras estructurantes y peligrosas. Se está alterando la interterritorialidad del espacio báltico por la multiplicación de estas tensiones, que están acentuado su vulnerabilidad en todas sus escalas.
- Published
- 2021
37. Regionalización de la educación superior y globalización econòmica : el caso del proceso de Bologna
- Subjects
Proceso de Bologna ,Regionalization ,Compétitivité ,Union Européenne ,Enseignement supérieur ,Processus de Bologne ,Competitiveness ,Unión Europea ,Educación superior ,Globalización ,Régionalisation ,Higher education ,European Union ,Competitividad ,Regionalización ,Bologna process ,Globalization ,Mondialisation - Published
- 2021
38. Vulnérabilités et recompositions baltiques : les conséquences d’une géopolitique insidieuse
- Author
-
Escach, Nicolas, Sciences Po Rennes - Institut d'études politiques de Rennes (IEP Rennes), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Baltic Sea ,tensiones híbridas ,geopolitics ,regionalización ,régionalisation ,Báltico ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Hybrid Warfare ,tensions hybrides ,conflictos ,Baltique ,conflicts ,géopolitique ,regionalization ,conflits ,geopolítica - Abstract
National audience; Since the mid 2000s, security issues, which had been evacuated after the fall of the Iron Curtain, have gradually resurfaced between Baltic partners. The 2014 Crimean crisis fueled fears about the Russian threat. Unlike Ukraine, the Baltic front is momentarily immobilised, which opens the horizon wide to hybrid conflicts that challenges without moving the limits. Although increasingly publicized, the Baltic area has become the theater of slight dislocations, latent conflicts, muffled intimidation, in short, insidious geopolitics. What force these minor disturbances, the product of slight tensions, have is only in their accumulation. It is this accretion that structures and renders dangerous the dispersed, halting events of low intensity. The multiplication of fractures has accentuated territorial vulnerabilities at all levels, threatening and even altering the inter-territoriality so often associated with the Baltic area.; Desde mediados de la década de 2000 las cuestiones de seguridad, olvidadas después de la caída del Telón de Acero, han resurgido gradualmente entre los socios bálticos con la crisis de Crimea de 2014, que acrecentó los temores a una amenaza potencial rusa. A diferencia del caso ucraniano, el frente báltico continua inmóvil aunque existe la posibilidad de conflictos híbridos que alteren los límites fronterizos. En un contexto muy mediático, la zona báltica se ha convertido en un escenario geopolítico insidioso con pequeñas dislocaciones, conflictos latentes o intimidaciones amortiguada. Estas perturbaciones menores, producto de bajas tensiones, sólo tendrán fuerza en su acumulación, pudiendo convertir situaciones difusas, discontinuas y de baja intensidad en otras estructurantes y peligrosas. Se está alterando la interterritorialidad del espacio báltico por la multiplicación de estas tensiones, que están acentuado su vulnerabilidad en todas sus escalas.; Depuis le milieu de la décennie 2000, les questions de sécurité dure, évacuées après la chute du Rideau de fer, ont rejailli progressivement entre partenaires baltiques. La crise de 2014 en Crimée a attisé les craintes quant à la menace russe. Contrairement au cas ukrainien, le front baltique est pour l’instant condamné à rester immobile, ce qui ouvre tout grand la possibilité de conflits hybrides chahutant la limite plus qu’ils ne la déplacent. Bien que de plus en plus médiatisée, la zone baltique est devenue le décor de dislocations légères, de conflits larvés, d’intimidations sourdes, en somme d’une géopolitique insidieuse. Ces perturbations en mode mineur, produits de tensions faibles, n’ont de force que leur accumulation, laquelle rend structurants et dangereux des événements diffus, discontinus et de basse intensité. La multiplication des fragilisations a accentué la vulnérabilité des territoires à toutes les échelles menaçant ou altérant l’interterritorialité si souvent associée à l’espace baltique.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Regionalización de la educación superior y globalización econòmica : el caso del proceso de Bologna
- Author
-
Antoni Verger
- Subjects
Proceso de Bologna ,Regionalization ,Compétitivité ,Union Européenne ,Enseignement supérieur ,Processus de Bologne ,Competitiveness ,Unión Europea ,Educación superior ,Globalización ,Régionalisation ,Higher education ,European Union ,Competitividad ,Regionalización ,Bologna process ,Globalization ,Mondialisation - Abstract
El proceso de Bologna es un ejemplo paradigmático para entender cómo y por qué las regiones conciben la educación superior (ES), como un recurso estratégico de competitividad en el contexto de la globalización económica actual. Este artículo sostiene que el leit motive del proceso de Bologna y su principal objetivo, por el que se constituye un Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), es precisamente augmentar la competitividad de las universidades europeas en el mercado global. A su vez, otro objetivo, aunque más implícito que el anterior, es poner la ES al servicio de la competitividad internacional de la economia Europea. La Comisión Europea (CE o Comisión), como órgano ejecutivo de la Unión Europea (UE), ha desempeñado un papel importante para establecer esta última prioridad en el marco del proceso, sobre todo, desde que la Estrategia de Lisboa se puso en marcha en el año 2000. Asimismo, la Comisión ha adoptado un papel muy activo a la hora de promocionar el proceso de Bologna en otras regiones del mundo como América Latina, lo cual está muy asociado también a la ambición del viejo continente de incrementar su competitividad internacional a través de todo tipo de políticas sectoriales, las de ES entre éstas. The Bologna process is a paradigmatic case to understand how regions conceive higher education as a strategic asset in a context of increasing global economic competitiveness. The article argues that one of the main drivers of the Bologna process is raising the competitiveness of European universities in the global higher education market. However, it also argues that with the passing of time, Bologna became also committed to the broader objective of increasing the international competitiveness of the European economy itself. The European Commission as the executive body of the European Union has played a major role in setting these priorities within the process, above all, since the Lisbon Strategy was launched in the year 2000. More recently, the Commission has become an active player in the promotion and dissemination of the Bologna process in other world regions. The article shows that this more recent development is very much linked, as well, to the ambitions of Europe in raising its global competitiveness. Le processus de Bologne est un exemple paradigmatique de nouvelles stratégies régionales dans le domaine de l'enseignement supérieur dans un contexte de concurrence mondiale accrue. L'article argumente que l'un des principaux moteurs du processus de Bologne est d'accroître la compétitivité des universités européennes dans le marché mondial de l'enseignement supérieur, bien que, avec le temps, il se soit également rattaché à l'objectif plus large d'accroître la compétitivité internationale de l'économie européenne elle-même. La Commission Européenne, en tant qu'organe exécutif de l'Union Européenne, a joué un rôle majeur dans la définition des priorités du processus, surtout, depuis que la stratégie de Lisbonne a été lancée en l'an 2000. Plus récemment, la Commission est devenue un agent actif de la promotion et de la diffusion du processus de Bologne dans les autres régions du monde. L'article démontre que cette évolution plus récente est ainsi étroitement liée aux ambitions de l'Europe d'améliorer sa compétitivité mondiale.
- Published
- 2021
40. Two ways to be endemic. Alps and Apennines are different functional refugia during climatic cycles
- Author
-
Roger Vila, Mattia Menchetti, Gerard Talavera, Alessandro Cini, Leonardo Dapporto, Emilio Balletto, Vlad Dincă, Simona Bonelli, Leonardo Platania, Vania Salvati, Fundación 'la Caixa', Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Academy of Finland, and Obra Social la Caixa
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Regionalization ,Pleistocene ,Fauna ,Italian Peninsula ,GMYC ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Refugium (population biology) ,Genetics ,Animals ,Endemism ,Endemicity centres ,Sicily ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogenetic tree ,Phenology ,Ecology ,Regionalisation ,Genetic Variation ,15. Life on land ,Geography ,030104 developmental biology ,Refugium ,Habitat ,Butterfly ,Species traits ,Butterflies - Abstract
Endemics co-occur because they evolved in situ and persist regionally or because they evolved ex situ and later dispersed to shared habitats, generating evolutionary or ecological endemicity centres, respectively. We investigate whether different endemicity centres can intertwine in the region ranging from Alps to Sicily, by studying their butterfly fauna. We gathered an extensive occurrence data set for butterflies of the study area (27,123 records, 269 species, in cells of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees of latitude-longitude). We applied molecular-based delimitation methods (GMYC model) to 26,557 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of Western Palearctic butterflies. We identified entities based on molecular delimitations and/or the checklist of European butterflies and objectively attributed occurrences to their most probable entity. We obtained a zoogeographic regionalisation based on the 69 endemics of the area. Using phylogenetic ANOVA we tested if endemics from different centres differ from each other and from nonendemics for key ecological traits and divergence time. Endemicity showed high incidence in the Alps and Southern Italy. The regionalisation separated the Alps from the Italian Peninsula and Sicily. The endemics of different centres showed a high turnover and differed in phylogenetic distances, phenology and distribution traits. Endemics are on average younger than nonendemics and the Peninsula-Sicily endemics also have lower variance in divergence than those from the Alps. The observed variation identifies Alpine endemics as paleoendemics, now occupying an ecological centre, and the Peninsula-Sicily ones as neoendemics, that diverged in the region since the Pleistocene. The results challenge the common view of the Alpine-Apennine area as a single “Italian refugium”., Support for this research was provided by ‘La Caixa’ Foundation (ID 100010434) to MM (grant LCF/BQ/DR20/11790020), the Ramón y Cajal program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to GT (RYC2018-025335-I), the Academy of Finland to VD (Academy Research Fellow, decision no. 328895), by project PID2019-107078GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 to RV and by the projects "Ricerca e conservazione sui lepidotteri diurni di sei Parchi Nazionali dell’Appennino centro-settentrionale”, “Ricerca e conservazione sugli Impollinatori dell’Arcipelago Toscano e divulgazione sui Lepidotteri del parco” and “Servizio di attuazione delle azioni per la protezione degli impollinatori e diffusione dell’entomofauna del Parco Nazionale dell'Alta Murgia” to LD.
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- 2021
41. An intercomparison of regional and at-site rainfall extreme value analyses in southern British Columbia, Canada.
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Cannon, Alex J.
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RAINFALL , *EXTREME value theory , *PRECIPITATION forecasting , *FLOODS , *MOMENTS method (Statistics) , *MAXIMUM likelihood statistics , *L-moments - Abstract
Rainfall extreme value estimates in Canada have historically been based on fitting the Gumbel distribution to annual maxima at individual sites by the method of moments (MOM). Studies have, however, shown that regional frequency analyses (RFA) may perform better than at-site methods. Also, the Fréchet rather than Gumbel form of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution may better describe the distribution of annual extremes. In this study, at-site Gumbel MOM and GEV extreme value analyses based on L-moment, maximum likelihood (MLE), and generalized maximum likelihood (GML) estimators are compared against RFA with L-moment methods at stations in southern British Columbia, Canada via cross-validation and Monte Carlo simulations. While GEV shape parameter estimates are predominately negative, qualitatively showing weak evidence for the Fréchet form of the GEV distribution, field significant differences from the Gumbel distribution in the region are not found. Regional frequency analysis leads to substantial reductions in error relative to at-site methods, especially for the GEV distribution and small samples. While Gumbel estimators exhibit lower variance than GEV estimators, they are also more biased, underestimating 100 year return levels. Of the at-site GEV estimators, GML tended to perform better than the L-moment estimator, in some cases nearing performance of RFA. Maximum likelihood performed worst, especially for small samples sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
42. How can a few streamflow measurements help to predict daily hydrographs at almost ungauged sites?
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Drogue, Gilles Philippe and Plasse, Julien
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STREAMFLOW , *STREAM measurements , *WATERSHEDS , *STATISTICAL correlation , *GEOGRAPHIC spatial analysis - Abstract
Available data from nearby gauging stations can provide a great source of hydrometric information that is potentially transferable to an ungauged site. Furthermore, streamflow measurements may even be available for the ungauged site. This paper explores the potential of four distance-based regionalization methods to simulate daily hydrographs at almost ungauged pollution-control sites. Two methods use only the hydrological information provided by neighbouring catchments; the other two are new regionalization methods parameterized with a limited number of streamflow data available at the site of interest. Based on a network of 149 streamgauges and 21 pollution-control sites located in the Upper Rhine-Meuse area, the comparative assessment demonstrates the benefit of making available point streamflow measurements at the location of interest for improving quantitative streamflow prediction. The advantage is moderate for the prediction of flow types (stormflow, recession flow, baseflow) and pulse shape (duration of rising limb and falling limb). Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor A. Viglione [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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43. LE TOURNANT INSTRUMENTAL DES POLITIQUES CULTURELLES.
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Teillet, Philippe and Négrier, Emmanuel
- Abstract
Copyright of Pôle Sud is the property of Centre Comparatif d'Etudes sur les Politiques Publiques et les Espaces Locaux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2014
44. AGRICULTURES FAMILIALES EN AMÉRIQUE LATINE. ÉMERGENCE, AVANCÉES ET LIMITES DES POLITIQUES CIBLÉES.
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Sabourin, Éric, Marzin, Jacques, Le Coq, Jean François, Massardier, Gilles, Fréguin-Gresh, Sandrine, Samper, Mario, Gisclard, Marie, and Sotomayor, Octavio
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FAMILY farms ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURE ,POVERTY reduction ,POVERTY ,STATE farms ,LATIN American politics & government, 1948-1980 ,LATIN American politics & government, 1980- ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2014
45. Contexte pédoclimatique et ruissellement intense
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Breil, Pascal, Abekhzer, Hélène, Gally, Tristan, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Société Hydrotechnique de France
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Hydro-Eco-Regions ,intense runoff ,hydroécorégions ,regionalization ,[SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques ,ruissellement intense ,régionalisation ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
International audience; The Hydro-Eco-Regions (or HERs) respond to a request of the European Water Framework Directive. HERs are soil-climatic entities whose hypothesis we test here that they condition erosion and deposition processes linked to intense runoff. Confirmation of this hypothesis would make it possible to propose at the national level a pre-calibration of the runoff maps produced by the IRIP method. In this work carried out over 4 years, test zones from 8 HERs out of 21 in metropolitan France were tested. For this purpose, the IRIP maps of intense runoff potential were compared with various data sets considered to be representative of the consequences of intense runoff. The comparison method between HERs used an operational efficiency criterion: the potential levels were chosen to detect at least 80% of incidents over a maximum of 20% of the catchment area. The combinations of potential levels for transfer-erosion and flood-deposit hazards differ according to the HER. This first attempt at a regional pre-calibration of significant potential thresholds according to the HER makes sense. However, more field data should be available within the same HER to ensure internal homogeneity and differences between HERs.; Les Hydro-Eco-Régions (ou HER) répondent à une demande de la Directive Cadre Eau de l’Europe. Les HER constituent des entités pédoclimatiques dont nous testons ici l'hypothèse qu'elles conditionnent les processus d'érosion et de dépôt liés au ruissellement intense. La confirmation de cette hypothèse permettrait de proposer au niveau national un pré-calage des cartographies de ruissellement produites par la méthode IRIP. Dans ce travail mené sur 4 années, des zones test de 8 HER parmi 21 que compte la France métropolitaine ont pu être testées. Pour cela les cartographies IRIP du potentiel de ruissellement intense ont été confrontées à divers jeux de données considérés comme représentatifs des conséquences du ruissellement intense. La méthode de comparaison entre les HER a utilisé un critère d'efficacité opérationnelle : il a été retenu les niveaux de potentiel qui permettaient de détecter a minima 80% des incidents sur a maxima 20% du bassin versant. Les combinaisons des niveaux de potentiel pour les aléas transfert-érosion et inondationdépôt diffèrent selon les HER. Cette première tentative de pré-calage régional des seuils de potentiels significatifs selon les HER fait sens. Il faudrait cependant disposer de plus de données terrain au sein d'une même HER pour s'assurer de l'homogénéité interne et des différences entre HER.
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- 2020
46. Régionaliser l'espace public européen au prisme de l'agenda médiatique des migrations (2014-2018)
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Claude GRASLAND, Étienne Toureille, Romain Leconte, Collège international des sciences territoriales (FR2007 CIST), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Collège international des sciences territoriales (CIST)
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Europe ,Regionalization ,migrations internationales ,Migrations ,analyse spatio-temporelle ,presse ,Textual analysis ,Media agenda ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,régionalisation ,agenda médiatique - Abstract
International audience; The circulation and content of media information in Europe makes it possible to question the construction of the political agenda of an international community by the divergences / convergences of national public opinions. By studying the national daily press of 10 countries in the European space, in particular the coverage of the migration issue between 2014 and 2018, we show three forms of possible regionalisation of the European political space. Firstly, we study the proximity of the lexicon used to cover the migration issue and highlight a regionalisation based on linguistic families. Then, we question the synchronicity of European newspapers’ media attention to the migration issue and enable to constitute three groups of countries for which this issue has emerged at different moments. Finally, we study the spatial focus of newspapers and underline that there are national and editorial specialisations within the studied countries. We discuss the determinants of media agendas proximity.; La circulation et le contenu de l’information médiatique en Europe permettent d’interroger la construction de l’agenda politique d’une communauté internationale par les divergences / convergences des opinions publiques nationales. En étudiant la presse quotidienne nationale de 10 pays, en particulier la couverture de la question migratoire entre 2014 et 2018, nous montrons trois formes de régionalisations possibles de l’espace politique européen. La première étudie les proximités du lexique employé pour couvrir la question migratoire et met en évidence une régionalisation sur la base de familles linguistiques. La deuxième interroge la synchronicité de l’attention médiatique des journaux européens à la question migratoire et permet de former trois groupes de pays pour lesquels cet enjeu a émergé à des moments différents. Enfin, nous étudions la focale spatiale des journaux et soulignons l’existence de spécialisations nationales et éditoriales au sein des pays étudiés. Nous discutons des facteurs déterminants la proximité des agendas médiatiques.
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- 2020
47. Le 'triangle du lithium' à l'heure globale : marges et intégrations territoriales (Argentine, Bolivie, Chili)
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Sérandour, Audrey, Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, Géraud Magrin, Laetitia Perrier Bruslé, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
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Political geography ,Resource ,Intégration ,Ressource ,Bolivia ,Regionalization ,Bolivie ,Argentina ,Integration ,Marge ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Lithium ,Géographie politique ,Chili ,Régionalisation ,Chile ,Argentine ,Globalization ,Margin ,Mondialisation - Abstract
In the global context of energy transition, the search for alternatives to fossil fuels is putting are source under the spotlight: lithium. The capacity of this metal to store electrical energy is of particular interest for the electric mobility sector. Although abundant on Earth, 60% of lithium reserves are in the Andes, in the so-called "lithium triangle", on the border between Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. Despite its key role for global productive networks, this area is composed of national and global margins. This thesis analyzes the territorial implications of lithium exploitation, relying on the observation that contemporary globalization unequally integrates the territories in which it is based. In a coveted yet marginalized space, does integration into globalization trigger integration logics at the national and local scales, or on the contrary, does it strengthen marginality? Based on fieldworks carried out in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile between 2015 and 2018, there search uses the tools of political geography and pays particular attention to the politics of scale. The first part analyzes the "lithium triangle" through three of its components: space, resource and actors’ representation. The second part lays out the spatial reconfigurations induced by lithium exploitation projects, focusing on the dynamics of integration of the margins at three scales (global, national and local). The third part questions the relevance of the regional scale in the geopolitical analysis of this space. It shows that the lithium resource is at the origin of a "bottom-up" regionalization.; Dans le contexte mondial de transition énergétique, la recherche d’alternatives aux énergies fossiles porte une ressource sur le devant de la scène: le lithium. Sa capacité à stocker l’énergie électrique intéresse particulièrement le secteur de la mobilité électrique. Si le lithium est abondant sur la planète, 60% des réserves se concentrent dans les Andes, dans le «triangle du lithium». Malgré son rôle clé pour les réseaux productifs globaux, cet espace à la frontière entre Argentine, Bolivie et Chili est composé de marges nationales et mondiales. Cette thèse propose d’analyser les implications territoriales de la mise en valeur du lithium, en partant du constat que la mondialisation contemporaine intègre de manière inégale les territoires sur lesquels elle s’appuie. Dans un espace de marges convoité, l’intégration à la mondialisation déclenche-t-elle des logiques d’intégration aux échelles nationale et locale, ou au contraire une accentuation de la marginalité? À partir d’enquêtes de terrain menées en Argentine, en Bolivie et au Chili entre 2015 et 2018, la démonstration mobilise les outils de la géographie politique et prête une attention particulière aux jeux d’échelles. La première partie analyse le «triangle du lithium» au travers de trois de ses composantes: l’espace, la ressource et la représentation. La deuxième partie rend compte des recompositions spatiales induites par les projets d’exploitation du lithium, au prisme des dynamiques d’intégration des marges à trois échelles (mondiale, nationale et locale). La troisième partie pose la question de la pertinence de l’échelle régionale dans l’analyse géopolitique de cet espace et montre qu’une régionalisation «par le bas» prend forme autour de la ressource lithium.
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- 2020
48. Mondialisation, Régionalisation, Conflits: Comprendre le monde à partir d’un Moyen-Orient en ébullition
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Vignal, Leila, Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université Lyon-3, Sylvia Chiffoleau, ANR-10-PDOC-0018,SYSREMO,Géographies de la mondialisation : Emergence d'un système régional au Moyen-Orient(2010), European Project: 658133,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2014,FUTURESYRIA(2015), European Project: 220084,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-1-IEF,GLOBALMIDDLEEAST(2008), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
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Méditerranée ,urban mega-projects ,conflict ,villes ,territorial inequalities ,conflit ,borders ,Mediterranean ,Globalisation ,frontières ,mega-projets urbains ,Middle East ,déplacement forcé ,Moyen-Orient ,Cities ,Lebanon ,Syria ,mobilités ,migrations ,forced displacement ,Syrie ,Liban ,réfugiés ,Egypte ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,régionalisation ,refugees ,Proche-orient ,mobility ,Dubai ,Dubaï ,regionalization ,Egypt ,inégalités territoriales ,Mondialisation - Abstract
Ce mémoire rendre compte de mon parcours de chercheuse. Je propose une synthèse scientifique de mon travail de recherche – à partir des trois principaux objets de recherche que j’ai explorés –, une présentation de mes méthodes, et une réflexion sur mon/mes positionnements par rapport à certaines approches théoriques et certaines de nos pratiques professionnelles. La diversité de mes travaux, de leurs thèmes, de mes terrains, des échelles auxquelles j’ai travaillé, et des méthodes que j’ai développées me semblait inviter à ce retour réflexif et à la mise en dialogue de mes travaux avec la littérature de mon champ disciplinaire, la géographie, et plus largement celle des sciences sociales. Ce volume revient donc sur des travaux effectués à partir desquels je propose des synthèses inédites, des mises en relations entre certains objets, thèmes, et concepts ainsi que des approches méthodologiques et des pistes de réflexion plus épistémologiques ou éthiques.Ce volume se clôt sur la présentation de mes deux récents chantiers de publication: 1) mon livre sur la Syrie dans le conflit, intitulé "War-Torn. The Unmaking of Syria (2011- 2021)" publié chez Hurst Publishers (London) et Oxford University press (New-York) en 2021; 2) Le projet de livre sous contrat (American university Press, New-York), sur les relations entre Libanais et réfugiés syriens que j’ai élaboré avec l’anthropologue Emma Aubin-Boltanski, intitulé "The Nearest Exile. Lebanon during the War in Syria: The Case of Dayr al-Ahmar (Bekaa)".
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- 2020
49. Représentation de l’urbanisation dans la modélisation hydrologique à l’échelle du bassin versant
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Saadi, Mohamed, Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université, Ludovic Oudin, and Pierre Ribstein
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Regionalization ,Modèle hydrologique global ,impervious surface ,Urbanization ,hydrological catchment ,runoff ratio ,Urbanisation ,Coefficient de ruissellement ,Surface imperméable ,Lumped hydrological model ,Bassin versant ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Régionalisation ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
In order to determine the hydrological impact of future urban development, hydrological modeling is very useful because it allows obtaining hydrological scenarios from urbanization scenarios by considering climate variability. Despite the current diversity of applicable hydrological models to urbanized catchments, those models were generally tested on few catchments, which raises the question of their robustness. The objective of this thesis is to look for a hydrological model structure that is able to reproduce the rainfall-runoff relationship for a large sample of urbanized catchments, located in France and the United States, and characterized by a wide variety of urban sprawl. To do so, we started from an hourly conceptual model structure (GR4H) which was not specifically developed nor tested on highly urbanized catchments. We followed four steps: (1) The collection and preparation of a large sample of data for more than 2000 catchments located in France and the United States. The analysis of the variability of event runoff ratio for 852 US catchments showed the dependence of catchment response not only on mean total impervious area (TIA), but also on antecedent soil moisture conditions regardless of the level of urban sprawl in the catchment; (2) The test of the starting model structure on highly urbanized catchments. This step showed the ability of GR4H parameters to reflect the behavioral specificities of urbanized catchments; (3) The regionalization of GR4H parameters in order to relate them to the fraction of urban cover in the catchment. The obtained regression relationships performed well but showed weak sensitivity to change in the fraction of urban cover, which impeded their use for scenario prediction; (4) The step-by-step modification of the GR4H model structure by including excess rainfall on impervious surfaces, and by varying the partitioning between quick flow and slow flow depending on each catchment. The evaluation of these modifications on 273 urbanized catchments indicated an improvement in reproducing the observed flows in comparison to the original structure, especially during dry and flooding periods. The added parameters showed a strong dependence on the mean total impervious area. This thesis work illustrates a constructive modeling approach by which we have succeeded in both (1) improving the representation of urbanization within the model and (2) obtaining better simulation of catchment response. An effort of regionalizing the new model structure using measures of urban landscape fragmentation will allow to better estimate the impact of different urban planning schemes on the hydrological behavior at the catchment scale.; Afin de déterminer l'impact hydrologique de l'étalement urbain à venir, la modélisation hydrologique est très utile car elle permet de traduire les scénarios d'urbanisation en scénarios hydrologiques en tenant compte de la variabilité climatique. Malgré la diversité actuelle des modèles hydrologiques applicables sur les bassins urbanisés, ces modèles sont en général développés sur un nombre limité de bassins versants, ce qui pose la question de leur robustesse. L'objectif de cette thèse est de chercher une structure de modèle hydrologique capable de reproduire la relation pluie-débit pour un large échantillon de bassins versants urbanisés, situés en France et aux États-Unis, et caractérisés par différents niveaux d'étalement urbain. Pour ce faire, nous sommes partis d'une structure de modèle conceptuel (GR4H), fonctionnant au pas de temps horaire mais non dédiée aux bassins versants urbanisés. Pour arriver à nos objectifs, nous avons considéré quatre étapes : (1) la collecte et la préparation d'un large échantillon de données pour plus de 2000 bassins versants situés en France et aux États-Unis. L'analyse de la variabilité des coefficients de ruissellement de 852 bassins nord-américains a montré une dépendance non seulement au taux moyen d'imperméabilité totale (TIA), mais aussi aux conditions d'humidité du sol quel que soit le niveau d'étalement urbain du bassin versant ; (2) le test de la structure de départ sur les bassins fortement urbanisés. Cette étape a montré l'aptitude des paramètres du modèle GR4H à traduire les spécificités du comportement hydrologique en contexte urbanisé ; (3) la régionalisation des paramètres de la structure de départ GR4H pour les lier à la fraction du couvert urbain. Les relations de régression obtenues ont été performantes mais peu sensibles à la caractérisation du couvert urbain ; (4) la modification pas-à-pas de la structure de GR4H en rajoutant le ruissellement sur les surfaces imperméables, et en variant le partage entre écoulement rapide et écoulement lent en fonction de chaque bassin. L'évaluation de ces modifications sur 273 bassins versants urbanisés a indiqué une amélioration de la simulation des écoulements surtout lors des périodes sèches et des périodes de crue. Les paramètres rajoutés ont montré une forte dépendance au taux moyen d'imperméabilité totale. Les travaux de cette thèse montrent un exemple de démarche constructive de développement de modèle hydrologique, par laquelle nous avons réussi à améliorer la représentation de l'urbanisation au sein du modèle tout en obtenant de meilleurs résultats en comparant avec des séries observées. Un effort de régionalisation de la nouvelle structure en exploitant des mesures de fragmentation du paysage urbain permettra une étude d'impact de différents schémas d'urbanisation future sur la réponse hydrologique.
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- 2020
50. Saisir l’« Europe » à la lueur du discours officiel de l’UE : l’analyse de données au service d’une régionalisation critique de l’Europe
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Toureille, Etienne
- Subjects
analyse de données ,Europe ,linear discriminant analysis ,regionalization ,data analysis ,lcsh:G1-922 ,analyse factorielle discriminante ,régionalisation ,UE ,EU ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
Comment différencier un Etat « européen » d’un Etat « non-Européen ? Cette question est au cœur du projet politique de l’UE qui a déjà statué sur ce point pour évaluer la candidature de nouveaux membres potentiels (cas du Maroc en 1987). Cependant, rien ne permet de définir objectivement ce qu’est un Etat européen dans les textes officiels. Et la géographie, comme l’histoire, ou encore l’économie, ne proposent pas de définition consensuelle pour déterminer le contenu de cet objet flou que l’UE aurait vocation à incarner : l’« Europe ». Cet article propose de renverser la perspective : plutôt que de chercher dans des analyses ad hoc une définition de cette macro-région, il part du discours produit par les instances de l’UE pour proposer des régionalisations d’« Europe » possibles. En recourant à une combinaison de méthodes inductives et déductives venues de l’analyse des données, cet article sera l’occasion de proposer une régionalisation critique et floue de ce projet politique et de revenir au sens profond de l’acte de régionalisation. How to make the difference between a “European” state and a “non-European” state? This question is at the heart of the EU’s political project, which has already decided on this point to assess the candidacy of potential new members (case of Morocco in 1987). However, there is no way to objectively define what a European state is in official texts. And geography, like history or economics, does not propose a consensual definition to determine the content of this vague object that the EU would be called upon to embody: “Europe”. This article proposes to reverse the perspective: rather than seeking in ad hoc analyses a definition of this macro-region, it starts from the discourse produced by EU bodies to propose possible regionalizations of “Europe”. By using a combination of inductive and deductive methods from data analysis, this article will provide an opportunity to propose a critical and fuzzy regionalization of this political project. We will use this demonstration to take the chance to discuss the deep meaning of the act of regionalization.
- Published
- 2020
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