Search

This study aimed to investigate the physical, optical, dielectric properties as well as gamma-ray shielding capacity of borosilicate glass samples with chemical formula 70B2O3–5SiO2–10Li2O–5Bi2O3–10ZnO–XEr2O3 with X = 0.0 (Er-0.0) to 1.2 (Er-1.2) mol% which prepared by the melt quenching technique method. Densities (Ds) of Er-X samples increased from 2.95 to 3.12 g/cm3, whereas the molar volume (Vm) declined from 30.68 to 30.50 cm3/mol as Er2O3 content increased from 0.0 to 1.2 mol%. The oxygen packing density (OPD) enhanced from 89.64 to 90.33 mol/l, whereas oxygen molar volume (OMV) decreased from 11.16 to 10.95 cm3/mol. The optical band gap decreased from 3.36 to 2.90 eV for direct transition, while decreased from 2.96 to 2.50 eV for indirect transition. Urbach energy (ΔEu) was enhanced from 0.17 to 0.56 eV. The refractive index (n) was increased from 2.40 to 2.54. The dielectric constant regularly rises with increasing Er2O3 content in the glass networks. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) followed the trend as (Er-1.2)MAC > (Er-0.9)MAC > (Er-0.6)MAC > (Er-0.3)MAC > (Er-0.0)MAC. The Er-1.2 sample possessed the lowest values of half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP). Results showed that suggested Er-X glasses, can be used in optical and radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, for the first time the machine learning (ML) based refractive index (n) approach is established depends on the density (ρ) parameter of glasses for a dataset of 2000 oxide glasses to predict refractive index of B2O3-CaO-Li2O-Sb2O3 glasses. Density of the investigated glasses varied from 2.56 to 2.97 gm/cm3. The corresponding refractive index was changed from 2.540 to 2.405. The refractive index prediction based on density parameter derived from the density of glasses and constant 'K'. For all M-L techniques including gradient descent (GD), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest regression (RFR), the density factor is used as an independent variable and the experimental refractive index as a dependent variable. The data set of 10,000 oxide glass samples was employed to forecast density using a variety of machine learning approaches. In comparison to other models, the Random forest regression (RFR) model fitted the glass data with the highest R2 value of 0.949 for refractive index prediction and 0.925 for density prediction. For both the prediction of density and refractive index, the R2 is controlled to 0.932 and 0.9223, respectively. The highest R2 values for refractive index and density prediction were gained when the tanh activation function was used in an artificial neural network (ANN) with varied activation functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the role of TiO2 on the physica, and optical properties as well as the γ-ray protection features of a set of six glass samples with the chemical formula (65-X)B2O3–15BaO–5Bi2O3–15ZnO–XTiO2, where X = 0–10 mol% in the step of 2% have been investigated. The density (ρ) increased gradually from 3.70 to 3.93 g/cm3 and the molar volume (Vm) reduced from 27.71 to 26.72 cm3/mol as the TiO2 content increased from 0 to 10 mol%. By the inclusion of TiO2 in the glass networks, some absorption bands in the ultraviolet and visible regions are formed. Values of the indirect optical band gaps (Eg) were 2.550, 2.510, 2.470, 2.370, 2.270, and 2.180 eV for Ti-0.0, Ti-2.0, Ti-4.0, Ti-6.0, Ti-8.0, and Ti-10.0 glasses, respectively. The linear refractive index (n0) calculated values varied from 2.515 to 2.631. The linear-attenuation coefficient ( μ) followed the order: Ti-0.0 < Ti-2.0 < Ti-4.0 < Ti-6.0 < Ti-8.0 < Ti-10.0. The sample coded as Ti-10.0 glass sample (highest content of TiO2) has the lowest half (HVL) and tenth (TVL) value layer. Within the investigated energy range of within the range: 51.590–19.480, 50.676–19.722, 50.696–19.833, 50.271–20.012, 49.860–20.193, and 49.460–20.376 for the prepared samples Ti-0.0, Ti-2.0, Ti-4.0, Ti-6.0, Ti-8.0, and Ti-10.0 glasses, respectively. Results confirmed that the suggested titanium bismo-borate glasses can be used in the optical field and as alternative materials for radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, samples of erbium (Er)-doped bismo-borate glasses have been fabricated with general chemical compositions: 70B2O3–10CaO–10Li2O−(10-x)Bi2O3− xEr2O3: 0 (Er-0.0) ≤ x ≤ 1 (Er-1.0) mol% using the conventional melt-quench process. The impact of Er3+ ions on the structure and optical (linear and nonlinear) characteristics of Er-0.0/Er-1.0 glass blocks have been investigated. XRD measurements showed the lack in crystallinity of the prepared samples. In the range of UV-Vis measurements, there are absorption bands attributed to the electronic transitions (4f−4f) of Er3+ ions. The absorption bands seen at wavelengths of approximately 366, 379, 409, 452, 490, 523, 545, 653, 797, and 978 nm are associated with electronic transitions from the ground state, 4I15/2, to several excited states, namely 4G9/2, 2G11/2, 2H9/2, 4F5/2, 4F7/2, 2H11/2, 4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I9/2, and 4I11/2, respectively. The optical band gap (Eg) values ranged from 2.61 to 3.11 eV for Er0.0 to Er1.0 glass samples, respectively. Values of linear refractive index (n0) ranged from 2.498 to 2.374. Values of the nonlinear refractive index varied from 7.76 to 4.99, while the third order non-linear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) values ranged from 5.14 to 3.14 for Er0.0 to Er1.0 glasses, respectively. Therefore, the suggested glasses can be used in several optical applications such as opto-electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the synthesis, physical, vibrational, optical, and dielectric characteristics of bismuth-borate barium glasses doped with chromium, with the aim of exploring their potential for use in optical applications. The chemical formula of the proposed glasses was (70-x)B2O3 − 10Bi2O3 − 20BaO − xCrO3: x = 0 (BBBCr0.0) − 0.5 (BBBCr0.5) mol%. The structure nature was examined. The physical features, FTIR spectroscopy, and linear/nonlinear optical properties have been investigated. Based on the XRD measurements, the prepared glasses were amorphous in nature. The density (ρ) of the glasses slightly decreased, while the molar volume (Vm) increased with increasing CrO3 content in the glass network. The percentage fraction of BO4 (N4) gradually increased at the expense of the percentage fraction of BO3 (N3) as the chromium content increased up to 0.2 mol%. However, for concentrations of chromium over 0.2 mol%, a reverse transformation from BO4 to BO3 was detected. The optical energy bands (Eg) changed from 3.07 to 1.41 eV, whereas the linear refractive index (n0) changed from 2.38 to 2.98 for BBBCr-glasses. The metallization criterion (M) values ranged from 0.392 to 0.265, indicating that the glasses have a wide range of potential for use in various optical applications. In addition, the nonlinear refractive index (n2) values ranged from 3.26 × 10−11 to 26.35 × 10−11 (esu), while the χ(3) values varied from 5.16 × 10−12 to 33.34 × 10−12 (esu) for the BBBCr-glasses with chromium concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 mol%. The real part of permittivity has the same value with chromium doping up to 0.2 mol% and then it is highly increased for concentrations greater than 0.2 mol%. The findings of this study highlight the potential of bismuth-borate barium glasses doped with chromium as a highly versatile and adaptable material for use in a range of optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A melt quenching procedure was used to create newly created arsenic glasses with chemical compositions of (70 − x)B2O3-15CaO-15Li2O-xAs2O3: x = 0 (As0)–20 (As20) mol percent in stages of 5 mol percent. Physical and optical properties of the prepared glasses have been investigated. In the broad photon energy range of 0.015–15 MeV, gamma-radiation and neutron shielding capacities have been evaluated. XRD measurements verified that the syntheized arsenic glasses are in amorphous state. The density of the manufactured arsenic glasses gradually increased from 2.410 g/cm3 for the As0 glass sample to 2.760 g/cm3 for the As20 glass sample. For the glasses containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol% As2O3, respectively, the optical energy band gap (Eg) was 2.61, 2.58, 2.54, 2.51 and 2.49 eV, and the optical linear (no) refractive index was 2.498, 2.507, 2.518, 2.527, and 2.533. The values of the mass attenuation coefficient (µm) that are obtained when As2O3 is inserted into the glass matrix are directly positively impacted. All arsenic glasses had a lowest µm (µm)min value of 0.02 cm2/g at 15 MeV, while the maximum µm (µm)max values were 3.76, 13.22, 21.18, 27.98, and 33.84 cm2/g for As0, As5, As10, As15, and As20, respectively, at 0.015 MeV. The As As20 glass attained the lowest values of the half value layer parameter (T1/2), which ranged from 0.007 cm at 0.015 MeV to 10.64 cm at 15 MeV. The behavior of the half-tenth layer (T1/10) and mean free path (λ) is identical to that of the T1/2. For As0, As5, As10, As15, and As20 glasses, respectively, the measured values of FNRCS in cm−1 were 0.1071, 0.1040, 0.1016, 0.1003, and 0.0971 cm−1. Our results are contrasted with some concrete and glass findings. The outcome showed that the optimum glasses for shielding against neutrons and gamma rays are As0 and As20, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of Er3+-doped ions on the mechanical, linear/nonlinear optical properties and radiation shielding features of TeO 2 0.7 ZnO 0.3 100 - x Er 2 O 3 x at different molar fractions, x = 0 to 5 mol% (TZE-A to TZE-F) glasses were reported. Molar polarizability (αMol.) increased from 7.796 × 10−24 to 8.570 × 10−24 cm3, while the molar reflectivity (RMol.) increased from 19.647 to 21.598 (cm3mol−1) as the Er3+ ions content increased from 0 to 5 mol%. Metallization property (MCri.) varied from 0.235 to 0.192, while the transmission factor (TOpt.) decreased from 0.644 to 0.589. The dielectric constant (εSta.) varied from 7.503 to 9.404, the nonlinear refractive index n2Opt. varied from 1.680 × 10−10 to 4.187 × 10−10 esu. Gamma/beta shielding features of the chosen glasses (TZE-A, TZE-B, TZE-C, TZE-D, TZE-E and TZE-F) were investigated. Gamma radiation studies were achieved for photons up to 1.275 MeV, while the beta radiation studies were achieved for electrons up to 0.723 MeV. The gamma shielding investigation was performed using FLUKA and XCOM platforms. The beta shielding study was carried out via ESTAR program by estimating TSP for all the chosen glasses. From the view of practical application, it is found that the half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) values of the chosen glasses are evidently lower than those of ordinary concrete and Schott RS-253-G18 commercial radiation shielding glass, while they are higher than those of Schott RS-360 commercial radiation shielding glass at low energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]