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Turning from linear to circular business model, from cradle-to-grave to cradle-to-cradle and from waste to wealth, the concept of circular economy (CE) has become an important tool to promote sustainable development as it combines economic, environmental and social benefits at a local as well as global scale. In the shift towards CE, examining the CE from the perspective of its potential is crucial for its wider and more effective implementation in the practice. The aim of the paper is to clarify a circularity phenomenon in closed-loop economy under the notion of potential in part of (1) the structural elements, (2) underlying categories and (3) basal properties as a follow-up to the previous studies about managing the circularity potential. The study provides the theoretical framework for understanding circularity potential by developing the circularity potential categorization in order to get a comprehensive picture of what has been done in the past and where efforts are most need today to achieve a progress towards circularity in the future. The basal properties of circularity potential such as integrity, dynamism, territorial affiliation and different strategies compatibility were revealed and discussed for managing the circularity potential. The findings of the paper have ambition to contribute to new metrics development to measure the progress towards zero-waste and CE aimed at identification and monitoring all the possible forms of the circularity potential -- opportunities, reserves, available resources, rather than the available resources only that were primarily considered in the past attempts at the operationalisation of circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer electronics are made of a wide range of materials, including precious metals and critical minerals with limited global reserves. Ensuring the recycling of these materials is essential for future use, especially since many renewable energy solutions are based on them. In addition, improper end-of-life treatments of these products cause harm to the environment and human health. This study explores the incentives that have been used to increase consumer collection rates for end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment (EoL EEE). Based on extensive global literature reviews, we propose an alternative to existing consumer incentives. The research suggests that implementing an economic incentive based on the electronic bonus card system (EBCS) has several benefits compared to existing incentives. It compensates the consumers for the transaction costs of proper collection and satisfies the consumer perception of EoL EEE as having a residual value. However, application of the EBCS motivation technology will require the cooperation of various stakeholders, including electronics producers and national and international authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]