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Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2021-10-27T13:26:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Andr? Luis de Souza Coelho.pdf: 3419856 bytes, checksum: 7a7db3ab15f49e80c7395408cd2f48dd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-27T13:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Andr? Luis de Souza Coelho.pdf: 3419856 bytes, checksum: 7a7db3ab15f49e80c7395408cd2f48dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-08-20 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior The impacts on water resources must be reduced to maintain current and future lifestyle. The influence of precipitation and streamflow extremes in the spring of the Para?ba do Sul Watershed and their relationship with the climate variability modes were evaluated. The extremes were characterized by standardized indices to analyze the dynamics and relationship with the climate variability modes. There are three reservoirs (Paraibuna, Santa Branca and Jaguari) in this region, mainly used for power generation, fresh water supply and flood control. The precipitation series were used from seven weather stations and three natural flow measurement points for the period between January 1972 and December 2016. The precipitation series underwent quality treatment and gap filling. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used for precipitation anomalies and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) for flow anomalies. The indices were calculated on the scales of 3, 6 and 12 months to evaluate the hydrological years, dry and wet semesters and seasons. A trend analysis was performed. Correlation between SPI and SDI was performed for the three timescales. The climate indices were analyzed of the following climate variability modes: Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Atlantic Interhemispheric SST Gradient (AISG). The time series were subjected to harmonic and spectral analysis. SPI analyzes characterized 79 anomalies, of which 39 dry and 40 wet years, while SDI identified 37 anomalies, of which 15 dry and 22 wet. No significant statistical trends were found in the series. There was correlation with r> 0.5 for all evaluations except for four seasons on the three-month dry season scale and one season on the six-month wet semester scale. The most frequent occurrence of extremes in the seasons occurred in five dry years and six wet years. The series can be divided into two characteristic periods, the first from 1972 to 1993 and the second from 1994 to 2016. The first period showed years with predominance of positive anomalies in the dry semester and the dry seasons, and in the second period there was an inversion, with negative anomalies in the wet semester and the rainy seasons. The first harmonic presented a period between 11 and 22 years for decadal scale and may be related to ODP or GITA. The second and third harmonics between 2 and 7 years for interannual scale may be related to the ENSO phenomenon. It was possible to observe the occurrence of climatic extremes and characterize their frequency. Cycles between three and six years were observed for the occurrence of climatic extremes. The frequency of precipitation and streamflow extremes were related, however the intensity of these phenomena cannot be observed with the same clarity. The study thus contributes to the transition from traditional management systems to systems aligned with the sustainable development model. Os impactos sobre os recursos h?dricos devem ser reduzidos para se manter o modo de vida atual e futuro. Avaliou-se influ?ncia dos extremos de precipita??o e vaz?o nas cabeceiras da Bacia do Rio Para?ba do Sul e sua rela??o com os modos de variabilidade clim?tica. Os extremos foram caracterizados por meio de ?ndices padronizados, buscando analisar a din?mica dos mesmos e sua rela??o com os modos de variabilidade clim?tica. Na regi?o localizam-se tr?s reservat?rios (Paraibuna, Santa Branca e Jaguari), principalmente, utilizados para gera??o de energia el?trica, abastecimento e controle de inunda??es. Foram utilizadas s?ries de precipita??o de sete esta??es meteorol?gicas e tr?s pontos de medi??o de vaz?o natural entre janeiro/1972 e dezembro/2016. As s?ries de precipita??o passaram por tratamento de qualidade e preenchimento de falhas. Foi utilizado o Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) para anomalias de precipita??o e o Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) para anomalia de vaz?o. Os ?ndices foram calculados nas escalas de 3, 6 e 12 meses para avaliar os anos hidrol?gicos, semestres e trimestres secos e ?midos. As s?ries passaram por testes estat?sticos que permitiram a an?lise de tend?ncia. Foi realizada a correla??o entre SPI e SDI para as tr?s escalas de tempo. Os ?ndices clim?ticos dos modos de variabilidade clim?tica: Oscila??o Decadal do Pac?fico (ODP), El Ni?o Oscila??o Sul (ENOS) e Gradiente Inter-hemisf?rico de TSM do Atl?ntico (GITA) foram analisados. As s?ries temporais foram submetidas a an?lise harm?nica e espectral. As an?lises de SPI caracterizaram 79 anomalias, sendo 39 anos secos e 40 ?midos, enquanto o SDI apresentou 37 anomalias, sendo 15 secos e 22 ?midos. N?o foram verificadas tend?ncias estat?sticas significativas nas s?ries. As an?lises de correla??o demostraram correla??o com r > 0,5 para todas as avali??es, com exce??o de quatro esta??es na escala de tr?s meses para a esta??o seca e uma esta??o na escala de seis meses para semestre ?mido. A maior frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia de extremos nas esta??es ocorreu em cinco anos secos e seis anos ?midos. A s?rie pode ser dividida entre dois per?odos caracter?sticos, o primeiro de 1972 a 1993 e, o segundo de 1994 a 2016. O primeiro per?odo apresentou anos com predomin?ncia de anomalia positiva no semestre seco e na esta??o seca e no segundo observou-se uma invers?o, com anomalia negativas no semestre ?mido e na esta??o chuvosa. O primeiro harm?nico apresentou per?odo entre 11 e 22 anos para escala decadal e pode estar relacionado com ODP ou GITA. O segundo e terceiro harm?nicos entre 2 e 7 anos para escala interanual pode estar relacionada com o fen?meno ENOS. Foi poss?vel observar a ocorr?ncia de extremos clim?ticos e caracterizar sua frequ?ncia. Foram observados ciclos entre tr?s e seis anos para a ocorr?ncia de extremos clim?ticos. A frequ?ncia de extremos de precipita??o e vaz?o apresentaram rela??o, entretanto a intensidade desses fen?menos n?o pode ser observada com a mesma clareza. O estudo realizado contribui, assim, para transi??o dos sistemas tradicionais de gest?o para sistemas alinhados ao modelo de desenvolvimento sustent?vel.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2021-08-15T03:59:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Moana Ferreira dos Santos.pdf: 3406482 bytes, checksum: f7449499391e225467bdff9984a42af5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-15T03:59:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Moana Ferreira dos Santos.pdf: 3406482 bytes, checksum: f7449499391e225467bdff9984a42af5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-24 Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring metal in the environment in various forms, mainly in three main categories: metallic mercury or elemental mercury, inorganic mercury and organic mercury. It can be found in all types of rocks, being obtained almost exclusively of cinnabar ore. It has been used in several sectors of industry, mining, among others, with anthropogenic sources that contribute most to concentrations in the environment. Any activity involving the handling and transportation of this substance automatically makes it available to one of the environmental compartments (soil, water and / or air). Mercury and its compounds can cause various damage to human health, and its harmful effects affect systems such as nervous, reproductive, digestive, renal, cardiac, immune and respiratory. On December 20, 2002, outcropping of elemental mercury was observed in the rural area of the municipality of Descoberto, Minas Gerais. After studies in the region, it was observed the need to better understand which factors influenced the volatilization of mercury in the area in question. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the behavior of atmospheric emissions of mercury in the municipality of Descoberto, Minas Gerais. Three campaigns were developed to collect Hg0 samples in 34 points. The average levels found in the air in campaigns 1, 2 and 3 were 37.91 ng m-3 (? = 90.6), 8.77 ng m-3 (? = 7) and 9.64 ng m-3 ? = 5), with medians at 3.7 ng m-3, 6 ng m-3 and 8.25 ng m-3, respectively. According to the results obtained, it is concluded that the atmospheric emissions of mercury continue to occur in the Municipality of Descoberto, in Minas Gerais. However, to understand the dynamics of Hg0 in the municipality, it is necessary to evaluate the Hg emission processes together with the meteorological variables and other environmental analyzes, and these data were collected under the same conditions. O merc?rio (Hg) ? um metal que ocorre naturalmente no meio ambiente em diversas formas, principalmente em tr?s categorias prim?rias: merc?rio met?lico ou merc?rio elementar, merc?rio inorg?nico e merc?rio org?nico. ? encontrado em todos os tipos de rochas, sendo obtido quase que exclusivamente do min?rio cin?brio. ? utilizado em diversos setores da ind?stria, minera??o, dentre outros, sendo as fontes antropog?nicas as que mais contribuem para as concentra??es no ambiente. Qualquer atividade que envolva o manuseio e o transporte desta subst?ncia, automaticamente implica numa disponibiliza??o para um dos compartimentos ambientais (solo, ?gua e/ou ar). O Hg e seus compostos podem causar v?rios danos ? sa?de humana, e seus efeitos nocivos atingem sistemas, tais como, o nervoso, reprodutivo, digestivo, renal, card?aco, imunol?gico e respirat?rio. Em 20 de dezembro de 2002, foi observado afloramento de merc?rio elementar na zona rural do munic?pio de Descoberto, Minas Gerais. Ap?s estudos realizados na regi?o, observou-se a necessidade de compreender melhor quais fatores influenciavam na volatiliza??o do Hg na ?rea em quest?o. Diante disso, este estudo visou compreender o comportamento das emiss?es atmosf?ricas de merc?rio no Munic?pio de Descoberto, Minas Gerais. Foram desenvolvidas tr?s campanhas para coletar amostras de Hg0 em 34 pontos. Os n?veis m?dios encontrados no ar nas campanhas 1, 2 e 3 foram de 37,91 ng m-3 (? = 90,6), 8,77 ng m-3 (? = 7) e 9,64 ng m-3 (? = 5), com medianas em 3,7 ng m-3, 6 ng m-3 e 8,25 ng m-3, respectivamente. Segundo os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que as emiss?es atmosf?ricas de merc?rio continuam ocorrendo no Munic?pio de Descoberto, em Minas Gerais. Por?m para compreender a din?mica do Hg0 no munic?pio ? necess?rio avaliar os processos de emiss?o de Hg junto a vari?veis meteorol?gicas e outras an?lises ambientais, sendo estes dados coletados sob as mesmas condi??es.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-12-07T14:06:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Leonardo Bohn.pdf: 2603625 bytes, checksum: 1c21d7f27dc3dd740a7e948072ff658e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-07T14:06:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Leonardo Bohn.pdf: 2603625 bytes, checksum: 1c21d7f27dc3dd740a7e948072ff658e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-09 Funda??o de apoio ? pesquisa cient?fica e tecnol?gica da UFRRJ, FAPUR, Brasil. Desertification is one of the major problems faced by humanity to achieve sustainable development. This phenomenon is defined as ?land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities?. In terms of climate, aridity indices are considered reliable indicators, being utilized to delimitate areas susceptible to desertification in Brazil and worldwide. Although Brazil is extremely vulnerable to desertification, the Northeast of its territory is the priority for studies related to the topic. However, it is well known that other regions, especially those located in the boundary of the susceptible areas, are affected by land degradation exacerbated by severe droughts. Agroecology is considered a new proposal to combat this process by planning sustainable agriculture systems to ensure food security, protection of natural resources and safeguard human well-being. The present study aims to evaluate the susceptibility to desertification in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and propose agroecological practices as an alternative for its mitigation and prevention. For this, the climatic soil water balance (CSWB) of 94 rainfall stations was calculated with annual rainfall (R) data from 1961 to 2010 and annual air temperature (T) estimations obtained from the adjustment of a multiple linear regression model, which was, subsequently, used for the spatial interpolation of this variable, as a function of latitude, longitude and altitude. The resulted Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) data was used to calculate the aridity indices AI and D. R, PET, and water deficit (WD) determined by CWB calculations were then interpolated through minimum curvature method for the entire RJ state. AI indicated the presence of areas susceptible to desertification in 5% of Rio de Janeiro territory (2.305,8 km?) in Norte Fluminense and Baixadas Litor?neas regions, whereas D index, characterized only 431,06 Km? (1% of RJ) in the Norte Fluminense as susceptible. Nonetheless, both aridity indices (AI and D) demonstrated that Norte Fluminense and the east of Baixadas Litor?neas are the driest areas of the state, followed by Noroeste Fluminense and Metropolitana regions. Being Norte Fluminense more susceptible to desertification, a case study was performed through secondary data analysis and direct observations to propose agroecological practices to assist family farmers to combat desertification?s effects. In this perspective, the recovery and conservation of native vegetation in protected areas, improvement of irrigation systems, diversification of food production, agroecological management of the soil, among others, are considered powerful alternatives to improve life quality of rural communities and ensure environmental sustainability in facing desertification. A desertifica??o ? considerada um dos mais graves problemas enfrentados pela humanidade em busca do desenvolvimento sustent?vel. Entende-se por desertifica??o ?degrada??o da terra em regi?es ?ridas, semi?rida e sub?midas secas, resultantes de v?rios fatores, entre eles, varia??es clim?ticas e atividades humanas?. Em termos clim?ticos, ?ndices de aridez s?o indicadores confi?veis da susceptibilidade a desertifica??o, sendo utilizados na delimita??o de ?reas suscept?veis a desertifica??o (ASD) no Brasil e no mundo. Embora o Brasil seja extremamente vulner?vel ? desertifica??o, a regi?o Nordeste ? priorit?ria em estudos relacionados ao tema. Todavia, sabe-se que demais ?reas, principalmente nas regi?es no entorno das ASD, tamb?m apresentam problemas relacionados a degrada??o da terra, agravados pelo fen?meno da seca. A agroecologia apresenta-se como uma nova proposta de combate a este fen?meno atrav?s do planejamento de sistemas agr?colas sustent?veis, que garantam ao mesmo tempo seguran?a alimentar, prote??o dos recursos naturais e o bem estar das popula??es. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a susceptibilidade ? desertifica??o no estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e propor pr?ticas agroecol?gicas como alternativa de mitiga??o e preven??o. Para tanto, calculou-se o Balan?o H?drico Climatol?gico (BHC) referente a 94 esta??es pluviom?tricas a partir de dados mensais de precipita??o pluvial (P) e de temperatura do ar (Tm) do per?odo (1961 ? 2010). As Tm mensais foram estimadas por meio de um modelo linear m?ltiplo previamente ajustado, em fun??o da latitude, longitude e altitude. Esse modelo foi utilizado tamb?m para a interpola??o espacial da Tm anual atrav?s de ?lgebra de mapas. Obtiveram-se os dados de Evapotranspira??o Potencial (ETP) e D?ficit H?drico (DEF), sendo a ETP e a P utilizadas para calcular os ?ndices de aridez Ia e D. As m?dias anuais de P, ETP,DEF e os ?ndices Ia e D foram espacializados pelo m?todo de m?nima curvatura para todo o estado do RJ. O Ia indicou susceptibilidade ? desertifica??o em aproximadamente 5% do estado do RJ (2.305,8 km?), nas regi?es Norte Fluminense e Baixadas Litor?neas, enquanto o ?ndice D, caracterizou apenas uma ?rea de 431,06 km? (1% do RJ) no Norte Fluminense como suscept?vel. Ambos os ?ndices demonstraram que a regi?o Norte Fluminense e por??o leste da regi?o das Baixadas Litor?neas s?o as mais secas do Estado, seguidas do Noroeste Fluminense e regi?o Metropolitana. O Norte Fluminense se mostrou a regi?o mais suscept?vel a desertifica??o. Posteriormente, realizou-se um estudo de caso com o intuito de se propor pr?ticas agroecol?gicas que possam auxiliar no combate ? desertifica??o nesta regi?o. Nessa perspectiva, a recupera??o e conserva??o da vegeta??o nas ?reas protegidas por lei, o aumento da efici?ncia dos sistemas de irriga??o, a diversifica??o da produ??o, o manejo agroecol?gico da fertilidade do solo, entre outros, apresentam-se como alternativas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das comunidades rurais e garantir a sustentabilidade ambiental frente a problem?tica da desertifica??o.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-09-24T11:48:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Dion?sio Inoc?ncio Uele.pdf: 2807670 bytes, checksum: 81f2753a3ef201a45a9e62a43a131813 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-24T11:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Dion?sio Inoc?ncio Uele.pdf: 2807670 bytes, checksum: 81f2753a3ef201a45a9e62a43a131813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-01 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. The present dissertation was developed in the regional context of Southern Africa and Mozambique, precisely in the southern region of the country. In these regions of sub-Saharan Africa, rainfall is unevenly distributed in terms of time (inter-annual and intra-annual), as well as space. The rainfall over southern Africa presents a major variability, which is strongly influenced by certain modes of climate variability, from the global scale to regional scale. These modes include: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The identification of modes of climate variability that contribute in changing patterns of precipitation is of vital importance, because they may be useful to vulnerable countries, such as Mozambique with regard to natural events, by anticipating, triggering and/or developing mechanisms to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of these events that have greater relevance in planning activities in the agricultural, industrial and environmental sectors. Thus, this study aims to identify the main modes of climate variability acting in Southern Africa, particulary in southern Mozambique and identify how they define inter-annual climate fluctuations in precipitation and to evaluate their influence on the yield of maize rainfed, using numerical models soil-water-plant-atmosphere. It was used standartized precipitation index (SPI) for assessing inter-annual variability of rainfall, which allowed to evaluate the standardized precipitation anomaly at annual scale. Harmonic and Spectrum Analysis (HSA) were applied to the annual time series of SPI stations rainfall homogeneous groups defined by cluster analysis, to identify the main SPI harmonics (periods). In order to identify the modes of climate variability the annual SPI and their annual periods defined in HSA were analysed for the occurrence of events of ODP, DOI classified by Multivariate and ENSO Index (MEI). The agro-meteorological model used in this study was divided into two sub-models: i) sub-model soil-water-plant-atmosphere and ii) sub-model of growth and development of corn. The model was run in Model Maker ? simulated environment. O presente trabalho foi realizado no contexto regional da ?frica Austral e em Mo?ambique, precisamente na regi?o sul do pa?s. Nestas regi?es da ?frica Subsaariana, a chuva ? irregularmente distribu?da em termos temporais (interanual e intraanual), assim como, espaciais. A precipita??o sobre ?frica Austral apresenta maior variabilidade, a qual ? fortemente condicionada por determinados modos de variabilidade clim?tica, desde os de escala global aos de escala regional. Dentre esses modos, destacam-se: a Oscila??o Decadal do Pac?fico (ODP), o Dipolo do Oceano ?ndico (DOI) e o El Ni?o-Oscila??o Sul (ENOS). A identifica??o dos modos da variabilidade clim?tica que contribuem na altera??o dos padr?es da precipita??o ? de fundamental import?ncia, pois pode auxiliar aos pa?ses vulner?veis aos eventos naturais, como Mo?ambique, a antecipar, acionar e/ou desenvolver mecanismos de mitiga??o e adapta??o aos impactos desses eventos, que t?m maior relev?ncia no planejamento das atividades nos setores agr?cola, industrial e ambiental. Assim, o presente estudo objetiva identificar os principais modos de variabilidade clim?tica atuantes na regi?o da ?frica Austral e, em particular na regi?o sul de Mo?ambique e identificar como definem as flutua??es clim?ticas interanuais da precipita??o, assim como avaliar sua influ?ncia no rendimento da cultura do milho em regime de sequeiro, utilizando-se para isso modelos num?ricos solo-?gua-planta-atmosfera. Na avalia??o da variabilidade interanual da precipita??o foi usado o ?ndice de precipita??o padronizada (standartized precipitation index - SPI), que permitiu avaliar a anomalia padronizada de precipita??o na escala anual. A An?lise Harm?nica e Espectral (AHE) foi aplicada ?s s?ries temporais anuais do SPI das esta??es dos grupos de precipita??es homog?neas definidos pela an?lise de agrupamento, para identifica??o dos principais harm?nicos (per?odos) do SPI. Para a identifica??o dos modos da variabilidade clim?tica foram feitas an?lises do SPI anual e dos seus per?odos definidos na AHE em rela??o ? ocorr?ncia dos eventos de ODP, DOI e ENOS. O modelo agrometeorologico utilizado no presente trabalho ? dividido em dois submodelos: i) submodelo solo-?gua-planta-atmosfera e ii) submodelo de crescimento e desenvolvimento do milho. O modelo foi implementado em ambiente de simula??o Model Maker?.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-12-14T02:08:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - F?bio Saraiva Schott.pdf: 714369 bytes, checksum: ce61ee8b2e0eccb3256d7f135519a019 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-14T02:08:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - F?bio Saraiva Schott.pdf: 714369 bytes, checksum: ce61ee8b2e0eccb3256d7f135519a019 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-11 Based on scientific knowledge developed in recent decades, which demonstrated the relation between human activities and emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), established the relationship between these anthropogenic activities and global climate change, also known as climate change. This work has focused on performing a historical review on the formation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol in order to provide a basis for future studies on the topic. Seeking, in addition, to raise the main impacts of this process in the Brazilian position along the time and underline some future perspectives for the country and the Kyoto Protocol. The method used was to analyze the formal documents of the UNFCCC, the Brazilian government and other institutions related to the theme, as well as scientific articles, academic works and journal articles. The results were a critical analysis of the Brazilian position over time, the explanation of the main aspects of the negotiation process and an analysis of the current status of negotiations. In conclusion, we point out future perspectives of the negotiation process. Com base no conhecimento cient?fico desenvolvido nas ?ltimas d?cadas, evidenciouse a rela??o entre as atividades antr?picas e suas emiss?es de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE), estabeleceu-se a rela??o entre estas atividades e as altera??es clim?ticas globais, tamb?m conhecidas como mudan?as clim?ticas. Esta disserta??o possui como objetivo realizar um levantamento hist?rico da forma??o da Conven??o Quadro das Na??es Unidas sobre Mudan?a do Clima, assim como do Protocolo de Quioto visando proporcionar uma base para futuros estudos sobre o tema. Al?m de buscar levantar os principais impactos deste processo na posi??o brasileira ao longo do tempo e delinear algumas perspectivas futuras para o pa?s. Como m?todo utilizou-se a an?lise de documentos formais da UNFCCC, do Governo brasileiro e de outras institui??es ligadas ao tema, assim como, artigos cient?ficos, trabalhos acad?micos e artigos de revistas. Os resultados obtidos foram uma an?lise cr?tica da posi??o brasileira ao longo do tempo, a explicita??o dos principais aspectos deste processo negociador e uma an?lise do status atual das negocia??es. Como conclus?o, ressalta-se as perspectivas futuras do processo de negocia??o.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2019-06-25T16:09:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Samara Salamene.pdf: 3735125 bytes, checksum: f33dbe85b62c04d59256b8950b478e01 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-25T16:09:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Samara Salamene.pdf: 3735125 bytes, checksum: f33dbe85b62c04d59256b8950b478e01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil The thermal regime of active layer above the permafrost is an effective indicator of climate change effects in periglacial environments, because soil does interface with atmosphere and terrestrial biota, that justify it monitoring. This study objectived to analyze the active layer thermal regime in six monitoring sites localized on Keller Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica. Temperature and moisture sensors were installed at different soil depths, making a continuous data series since February-March/2008 until January-February/2011. Cluster dendrogram was used to an exploratory data analysis of soil temperature in sites. The main feature that defined the groups was the occurrence of thermal isolation caused by snow or vegetation. The active layer thickness and permafrost depth were estimated for each site by regression. Thermal diffusivity through soil profile was estimated using the parameters obtained in model adjustment for soil temperature. Soil properties that influence the diffusivity were organic matter and texture. Soils with more clay or organic matter had a minor thermal diffusivity. Thermal diffusivity increased with soil depth and is related to soil water content. There was a displacement in temperature freezing point of soil water, and this displacement was greater in soils with higher salt content. Time series analysis showed periods of more frequency: annual and intra-annual (seasons). There was a between annual period with significant frequency that can be associated with the South Annular Mode (SAM), climatic mode that occurred in the region during the study period. O regime t?rmico da camada ativa acima do permafrost constitui num eficiente indicador dos efeitos das mudan?as clim?ticas em ambientes periglaciais, uma vez que o solo est? na interface com a atmosfera e diretamente relacionado ? biota terrestre, o que justifica seu monitoramento. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi analisar o regime t?rmico da camada ativa em seis s?tios de monitoramento da Pen?nsula Keller, na Ilha Rei George, Ant?rtica Mar?tima. Foram instalados sensores de temperatura e de umidade em diferentes profundidades do solo. Obteve-se uma s?rie cont?nua de dados no per?odo de fevereiro/mar?o de 2008 a janeiro/fevereiro de 2011. Foi realizada an?lise explorat?ria dos dados de temperatura do solo, com an?lise de agrupamento dos s?tios. A principal caracter?stica que definiu os grupos foi a ocorr?ncia de isolamento t?rmico ocasionado pela neve ou vegeta??o. A espessura da camada ativa e profundidade do permafrost de cada s?tio foram estimadas por meio de regress?o. A difusividade t?rmica ao longo do perfil de solo foi estimada com os par?metros obtidos no ajuste do modelo de temperatura do solo. Os atributos do solo que influenciaram na difusividade foram mat?ria org?nica e textura. Nos solos mais argilosos ou com maior quantidade de mat?ria org?nica a difusividade t?rmica foi menor. A difusividade t?rmica aumentou com a profundidade do solo e est? relacionada com o conte?do de ?gua do solo. Observou-se um deslocamento na temperatura de congelamento da ?gua no solo, sendo esse deslocamento maior nos solos com maior teor de sais. A an?lise de s?ries temporais mostrou os per?odos de maior frequ?ncia: anual e intra-anual (esta??es do ano). Houve um per?odo interanual com frequ?ncia significativa que pode estar associado ? ocorr?ncia do Modo Clim?tico Anular Sul (SAM) na regi?o durante o per?odo estudado.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-06-01T15:13:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Itamar Frederico de Souza Gon?alves.pdf: 1281402 bytes, checksum: ac671f5a52be9ed52eea2076742b8b86 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-01T15:13:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Itamar Frederico de Souza Gon?alves.pdf: 1281402 bytes, checksum: ac671f5a52be9ed52eea2076742b8b86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-25 FAPERJ - Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro The objective of this work was to analyze the answer of seedlings of Dalbergia nigra (Jacarand? da Bahia), Caesalpinia peltophoroides (Sibipiruna) and Plathymenia reticulata (Vinh?tico). Under different solar radiation intensities. The Plants were cultivated in ?nurseries? under 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 90% of shadow and at direct sun (0% of shadow). The parameters of growth analyzed were height, diameter of the trunk, crown projection area, foliar area, individual foliar area, roots volum and total dry mass. We carried out a measurement in 20 of january of 2010 and the experiment had a totally casualized delineament in a factorial scheme of 6x3x4. To Caesalpinia peltophoroides the growth parameters analyzed were higher in the shadow intensities of 20 , 40 and 60% of shadow, with the best in 20 and 40%, showing in this study the ecological behavior of a initial secondary species. To Dalbergia. nigra the analyzed parameters were higher at the intermediate levels of shadow (40%, 60% and 80% of shadow). Nonetheless, as the growth of this species was severely affected in treatments using high light intensities, D. nigra act as a late secondary species. To Plathymenia reticulata seedlings, the best results were observed also under intermediate shadow levels (20%, 40% and 60%), but the best in 20% and acting ecologically as a initial secondary species. According to this, the species can be arranged according to an increasing order of shadow tolerance as follow: Dalbergia nigra > Caesalpinia peltophoroides > Plathymenia reticulata O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resposta de tr?s esp?cies nativas da Mata Atl?ntica a diferentes n?veis de luminosidade. As esp?cies estudadas foram Dalbergia nigra (Jacarand? da Bahia), Caesalpinia peltophoroides (Sibipiruna) e Plathymenia reticulata (Vinh?tico). As plantas foram cultivadas a pleno sol (0% de sombra), e em casas de vegeta??o, a 20, 40, 60, 80 e 90% de sombreamento. Os par?metros analisados foram, altura da planta, di?metro do caule, ?rea de proje??o da copa, volume de raiz, ?rea foliar de fol?olo individual, ?rea foliar por planta e massa de mat?ria seca total. Foi efetuada uma amostragem com seis plantas de cada esp?cie por tratamento aos 20 dias de janeiro de 2010, ou seja, 305 dias ap?s a semeadura, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 6 tratamentos e 6 repeti??es. Nas plantas de Dalbergia nigra (jacarand? cavi?na) os par?metros analisados indicaram uma melhor adapta??o aos n?veis de sombreamento de 40%, 60% e 80%. Devido ao fato do crescimento dessa esp?cie ter sido muito comprometido nos tratamentos com as maiores intensidades lum?nicas, essa esp?cie respondeu como secund?ria tardia. Nas plantas de Caesalpinia peltophoroides a melhor resposta foi observada nos de sombreamento de 20%, 40% e 60%, com uma tend?ncia a melhor adapta??o em 20 e 40%. Dessa forma essa esp?cie apresentou uma resposta ecol?gica de esp?cie secund?ria inicial. Nas plantas de Plathymenia reticulata a melhor resposta ocorreu nos n?veis de sombreamento de 20%, 40% e 60%, com uma tend?ncia a melhor adapta??o em 20%. Dessa forma respondendo ecologicamente como uma esp?cie secund?ria inicial. Estabelecendo uma ordem decrescente de toler?ncia ? sombra podemos enumerar Dalbergia nigra > Caesalpinia peltophoroides > Plathymenia reticulata.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-05-14T18:50:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Erika Cortines.pdf: 5207666 bytes, checksum: 59ce5a1aea2528cd673347eeb5530a9b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-14T18:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Erika Cortines.pdf: 5207666 bytes, checksum: 59ce5a1aea2528cd673347eeb5530a9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. Montane forest on Rio de Janeiro has influence of regional atmospheric events caused by interaction of air mass fluxes and orographic effect of Serra do Mar with reduced effect on leeward slope (watershed of Rio Para?ba do Sul). Topography associated with air/fog movement at watersheds promotes a local effect on humidity, especially on dry seasons. Humidity originated on fog interceptation (IH) can influenciate vegetation and its environmental services. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of IH on the distribution of trees and epiphytes vegetation, identifing the watershed sections most favorable to IH using topography and forest fragment size (chapter 1), measurement of IH in situ (chapter 2), arboreal floristic composition (chapter 3), epiphytes coverage as bioindicator (chapter 4). Results show that slope orientation and proximity of interfluve was the major factors that affected IH, size and composition of forest fragments, where 98% of them were located at Southeast and Southwest slopes. It was registered 116 arboreal species, and north slope (VN), with 81 species, was more diverse than south slope (VS) with 76. From these 43 were common to both slopes (40% of similarity), 34 exclusive of VN and 31 exclusive from VS. The most abundant family was Myrtaceae (16 species), followed by Lauraceae (15) and Melastomataceae (9). The major Importance Value (VI) for VS/VN was respectively: Euterpe edulis (51,9/29,3), Myrcia splendens (20,4/14,6), Alchornea triplinervia (14,4/27,1) e Guapira opposita (10,5/18,3). Frequency and epiphyte types indicated acumulated humidity on the study areas, where mosses/lichens predominated on humid/dry slopes. On VS mosses colonized homogeniously the trunks, and on VN they developed on places with some accumulated organic matter or on trunk bases. The VS showed a maximun IH value 74% higher than IH on VN on days without rain. The VS show a distinc function on the watersheds waterbalance and might be incorporated to counties sutainability plans. A Floresta Montana do Rio de Janeiro apresenta influ?ncias dos eventos atmosf?ricos regionais propiciados pelas intera??es entre escoamento de massas de ar e efeitos orogr?ficos da Serra do Mar a barlavento e com menor intensidade a sotavento (bacia do rio Para?ba do Sul). A topografia associada aos deslocamentos dos ventos nas bacias a?reas propiciam efeitos locais na umidade, principalmente nos meses sem chuvas. A umidade proveniente da intercepta??o de nevoeiros (intercepta??o horizontal - IH) e forma??o de chuva oculta, influenciando a vegeta??o e seus servi?os ambientais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influencia da IH no comportamento da vegeta??o arb?rea e epif?tica, identificando os seus setores influentes, a partir da topografia e tamanho dos fragmentos florestais (Capitulo 1), medi??o in situ da IH (Capitulo 2), composi??o floristica (Capitulo 3) e cobertura de ep?fitas como bio-indicadoras (Capitulo 4). Os resultados apontaram que a orienta??o das vertentes e a proximidade do interfluvio foram os fatores que mais influenciaram a IH, tamanhos e composi??es dos fragmentos, onde 98 % dos mesmos se encontram nas vertentes (V) Sudeste e Sudoeste. Foram registradas 116 esp?cies arb?reas, sendo a vertente norte (VN) (81 esp?cies) mais biodiversa que a vertente sul (VS) (76). Destas, 43 foram comuns (40% de similaridade flor?stica), 34 exclusivas da VN e 31 exclusivas da VS. A fam?lia mais abundante foi Myrtaceae (16 esp?cies), seguida por Lauraceae (15) e Melastomataceae (9). Os maiores valores de VI nas VS/VN foram: Euterpe edulis (51,9/ 29,3), Myrcia splendens (20,4/ 14,6), Alchornea triplinervia (14,4/27,1) e Guapira opposita (10,5/18,3). A freq??ncia e tipos de ep?fitas indicaram umidades acumuladas distintas nas ?reas, onde os musgos/liquens predominaram nas vertentes mais/menos ?midas respectivamente. Na VS os musgos colonizam uniformemente os troncos, enquanto na VN se desenvolveram nos locais com ac?mulo de mat?ria org?nica e nas bases das ?rvores. As VS apresentaram valor m?ximo interceptado (IH) 74% superior a VN em dias sem precipita??es pluviom?tricas, possuindo papel funcional distinto nas bacias hidrogr?ficas, que poderiam ser incorporados nos planejamentos de uso dos territ?rios dos seus munic?pios beneficiando n?o apenas eles, mas a pr?pria bacia do rio Paraiba do Sul.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-09-11T11:02:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Pedro Ramon Manhone.pdf: 360119 bytes, checksum: edc57b065e8054c4b15dbd5a4cb8f2be (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-11T11:02:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Pedro Ramon Manhone.pdf: 360119 bytes, checksum: edc57b065e8054c4b15dbd5a4cb8f2be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. This work aimed to study the effect of the light on the germination of three native species of the Mata Atl?ntica. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Conservation of Tree Species - LACON, at the Forest Institute of, the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Camaras type Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were used, kept at the temperature of 25 ? C and with four types of lights: white light (LB), far-red (LVE), red (LV) and absence of light (E). For obtain the systems under different light quality, cellophane filters combined with light bulbs, fluorescent and incandescent were used (Silva and Matos, 1998). The seeds were first surface sterilized with diluted sodium hypochlorite (6 mL \ L water) and then placed in petri dishes (100 X 20 mm), previously sterilized, on double layer of filter paper moist with 15 mL of distilled water. Each petri dish containing 25 seeds was placed individually into a cellophane filter. The germinated seeds were counting every day. The results showed that, in the absence of light, the seeds of Caesalpinia peltophoroides had higher germination rate when compared with those under conditions of extreme light red, red, and white. Seeds of species Chorisia speciosa and Plathymenia reticulata showed higher germination in the dark, but not statistically different from the other treatments. Thus, statistically the seeds of Caesalpinia peltophoroides presented as negative photoblastic and species Chorisia speciosa and Plathymenia reticulata as neutral. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da luz na germina??o de tr?s esp?cies nativas da Mata Atl?ntica. O estudo foi conduzido no Laborat?rio de Biologia Reprodutiva e Conserva??o de Esp?cies Arb?reas ? LACON, no Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Foram utilizadas c?maras germinadoras tipo Biochemical Oxigen Demand (B.O.D.), mantidas em temperatura constante de 25?C e os tipos de luzes foram: luz branca (LB), vermelho-extremo (LVE), vermelha (LV) e aus?ncia de luz (E). Para a obten??o dos ambientes sob as diferentes qualidades de luz foram combinados filtros de papel celofane e l?mpadas, fluorescentes e incandescentes. As sementes foram esterilizadas com hipoclorito de s?dio dilu?do (6 mL\L ?gua) e em seguida colocadas em placas de Petri (100 X 20 mm), previamente autoclavadas, sobre camada dupla de papel filtro umedecida com 15 mL de ?gua destilada. Cada placa de Petri, contendo 25 sementes, foi colocada individualmente, dentro de um filtro de papel celofane. A contagem das sementes germinadas foi feita diariamente. Os resultados mostraram que, sob aus?ncia de luz, as sementes de Caesalpinia peltophoroides apresentaram maior m?dia de germina??o, quando comparadas com aquelas sob condi??es de regime de luz vermelho extremo, vermelho, e branco. As sementes das esp?cies Chorisia speciosa e Plathymenia reticulata apresentaram maior germinabilidade no escuro, por?m n?o diferiram dos demais tratamentos. Assim, estatisticamente as sementes de Caesalpinia peltophoroides apresentaram-se como fotobl?sticas negativas e as esp?cies Chorisia speciosa e Plathymenia reticulata como neutras.