Search

Objective. To study the influence of thoracic inlet angle (TIA) and the fracture of the articular process on the initial strength of the fixation of the spinal segment during its anterior and circular instrumental surgical stabilization in an experiment on a model of the lower cervical spinal segment. Material and Methods. The material of the study was assembled models of C6–C7 spinal segments made using addictive technologies by 3D printing. After preliminary instrumentation, spinal segments were installed on the stand testing machine using specially manufactured equipment. A metered axial load simulating the native one was applied along the axis of the parameters SVA COG–C7 and C2–C7 SVA, which values were close to the value of 20 mm, at a rate of 1 mm/min until the shear strain was reached. The system’s resistance to dis- placement was measured, and the resulting load was evaluated. Four study groups were formed depending on the modeling of the T1 slope parameter, the integrity of the facets, and the type of instrumentation. Three tests were conducted in each group. The graphical curves were analyzed, and the values of the parameters of the neutral and elastic zones, the yield point, time to yield point, and the value of the applied load for the implementation of shear displacement were recorded. The data were subjected to comparative analysis. Results. In Group 1, anterior shear displacement of the C6 vertebra could not be induced in all series. In groups 2, 3, and 4 a shear dis- placement of ≥4 mm was noted in all series. In Group 3 where a fracture of the articular process was additionally modeled, the average value of the yield point was 423.5 ± 46.8 N. Elastic zone, the time to the onset of the yield point, the time at the end point or at a shear of C6 ≥4 mm did not differ significantly. In Group 4, a translational displacement of ≥4 mm was observed, though the average yield point was 1536.0 ± 40.0 N. Conclusion. The direction of the load applied to the fixed spinal segment, as well as the presence of damage to the articular processes, play a crucial role in maintaining resistance to shear deformation of the spinal segment during its instrumental stabilization. At high values of TIA (T1 slope) and the presence of fractures of the articular processes, the isolated anterior stabilization is less effective, circular fixation of 360° under these conditions gives a high initial stability to the spinal segment.

Objective. To identify factors leading to the loss of correction and redislocation of the vertebrae after isolated anterior reconstruction and stabilization in the surgical treatment of subaxial cervical dislocations. Material and Methods. A retrospective cohort STROBE-type study was carried out using data of 175 patients with dislocations of vertebrae in the subaxial cervical spine who were operated on in 2010–2019. The key parameters of the study were the relevant indices of the cervical sagittal balance and morphological characteristics of the injury: thoracic inlet angle (TIA), T1 vertebra slope, neck tilt, regional cervical C2–C7 lordosis, fracture of the vertebral body, and fracture of the articular process at the level of dislocation. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out in the RStudio program. Results. At preoperative TIA value of 74.5°, the risk of correction loss corresponds to 28 %. In the group with TIA < 74.5° and that with TIA ≥ 74.5°, the risk of correction loss is 17.3 % (95 % CI: 7–37 %) and 85.7 % (95 % CI: 60–96 %), respectively. With an increase in TIA by 10°, the chance of recurrence increases by 23.3 times. The effect of the articular process fracture on the loss of correction is equivalent to an increase in TIA by 10°, namely, it increases the chance of recurrence by 20.7 times. The parameter “duration of injury” has an effect on the loss of correction, but it is statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The parameter of the cervical sagittal balance, thoracic inlet angle, as well as the fracture of the articular process at the level of injury are statistically significant factors that determine the initial stability in isolated anterior surgical reconstruction and stabilization of the lower cervical spine for Allen type 3 flexion-distraction injuries.