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To achieve low-carbon development of industrial land in China, it is important to coordinate the conflicts of interest among stakeholders in the process of land expropriation and utilization. However, the complex interaction mechanism and influencing factors among stakeholders make it difficult to achieve the goal under the Chinese decentralization and unique land development pattern. To solve these problems, this paper first analyzes the four main stakeholders' conflicts of interest in the process of land expropriation and utilization, that is, the central government, local government, peasant, and enterprise. Then, we construct two evolutionary game models to examine the dynamic changes of stakeholders' different strategies and take the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example to compare the impacts of factors on strategies under different conditions using simulation analysis. The research shows that under the Chinese decentralization, adjusting the action strengths of different stakeholders can have different effects on system equilibrium. In terms of the central government's reward and penalty, increasing the reward and penalty for local government will shorten the time of system equilibrium to a different degree, and there is little difference between the effects of political and economic penalties. Interestingly, increasing the incentives for peasants cannot promote the system equilibrium in advance. In addition, the key to local governments' decision on illegal land expropriation lies in benefits rather than costs, and investment in low-carbon technology reform with positive externalities is easier to control than investment in economic production with negative externalities associated with pollution emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the green food industry, land conflicts are gradually escalating, and the coordinated development of competitiveness level and land use efficiency is crucial to the green food industry. The competitiveness level of China's green food industry at the provincial level between 2011 and 2020 was measured by constructing an index system using the entropy method and VlseCriterion Optimisation and Compromise Resolution (VIKOR) method, and then the land use efficiency was evaluated using the super efficiency Slacks-based Measurement (SBM) model, and the coupling coordination degree was analyzed using the coupling coordination model based on the results of both measurements. The results showed that the competitiveness level of the green food industry was "high in the west and low in the east"; most provinces and cities were with the middle competitiveness level. Land use efficiency generally showed a trend of rising and then falling and leveling off, and the average value of the three regions was ranked as eastern (1.13) > western (0.84) > middle (0.63). The mean value (0.82) of the overall coupling coordination in China floated at the boundary of high-quality coordination, and all three regions showed a trend of rising and then falling and leveling off, and the number of provinces and cities in high-quality coordination in China was shifting from the north to the south during 2011–2020. This study can provide theoretical support for the coordinated development between industrial development and land use, and provide feasible suggestions for the intensive and efficient use of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In order to promote the construction of ecological towns in the open area along the borders of Yunnan province and strengthen the national border ecological security, the present paper evaluates the land ecological security status of Ruili city from the ecological point of view, and analyzes its main obstacles. 【Method】Based on the DPSIR model, 18 indexes were selected to construct the land ecological security evaluation index system of Ruili city. The evaluation index weights were determined by entropy weight method, and the matter-element analysis was used to quantify the land ecological security evaluation. With the aid of obstacle degree model, the obstacle factors of land ecological security in Ruili city were analyzed, and the suggestions were proposed according to pathological diagnosis. 【Result】From 2010 to 2017, the land ecological security in Ruili city included two levels, which were ‘relatively safe transformation’ and ‘ideal safe transformation’. The overall level showed an upward trend, but the comprehensive correlation was always negative, indicating that the ecological security was not stable, and stable ecological background conditions should be established to effectively protect against external disturbances. Except for the state system and the influence system, the ecological security of other subsystems changed at different levels. Therefore, the land ecological development strategy should be formulated according to the theory of systematic coordinated development, and the land ecological security level of Ruili city should be improved in an all-round way. The obstacle factors affecting the land ecological security in Ruili city mainly include GDP per capita, proportion of cultivated land area, proportion of tertiary industry, construction land area per capita, grain output per unit of cultivated land, etc. Overall development strategy should be formulated according to the main obstacles, and blind expansion of construction land should be strictly controlled to improve the quality of cultivated land while stabilizing industrial and economic development, and consolidate ecological security at national border and lay a solid foundation for constructing ecological town.【Conclusion】During the study period, the level of land ecological security in Ruili city showed an upward trend, but the status of land ecological security did not reach a stable level. Therefore, improvement measures should be put forward based on obstacle factors to promote the stable development of land ecological security, to maintain the ecological security of the border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In global pattern reconstruction, ecological civilization construction and integrated urban–rural development in the new era as well as outlining a new framework for rural development and promoting efficient operation of the coordination mechanism for rural development are urgently required. This paper considers three northeastern provinces of China as an example, attempts to analyze the relationship between the subsystems of rural development, and examines the coupling coordination mechanism of population, land, and industry money in the four‐dimensional system. It explores the evolution path and defects of rural development in Northeast China under the background of transformation from a systematic perspective. We found that the coupling degree of "population‐land‐industry‐money" in rural Northeast China is high, while the coordination degree is low. The degree of spatial and temporal differentiation of the coupling coordination degree gradually increases, and the rural development of each province is highly unbalanced. The results also indicate that the main reasons for the low level of the coupling coordination degree are improved land development levels, a relative shortage of labor force, backward industrial development, and increasingly weak rural investment levels. Finally, this paper illustrates that the main solutions to rural revitalization are stimulating rural investment through policies and promoting the revival of agriculture, with financial support as the starting point, before establishing the linkage and mutual feed development of "population‐land‐industry‐money" in rural areas. The results will help countries, especially developing countries, to further consider methods toward achieving rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Industrial park development is commonly advocated by state and local economic developers to aid in business attraction efforts. However, there is limited evidence of its effectiveness in promoting economic growth, particularly in rural and lagging regions in comparison to other economic development tools. This paper examines the literature on the relationship between business site availability and economic development and the rationale for public sector industrial land development assistance. Results from a survey of local economic developers in Virginia are used to characterize industrial park absorption and occupant attributes. Using this information, ex-ante state economic and tax revenue impact analyses are performed for a state-funded industrial park development program serving a rural region of Virginia, the Tobacco Region Megasite Program. The paper examines conditions that affect the economic and tax revenue impact potential of industrial parks and highlights remaining information gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After decentralization, there was massive development in Jakarta megacity's outer suburbs (JMOS), especially in Bekasi and Tangerang regencies, marked by large-scale industrial estate/park (LSIEP) and followed by new town developments. However, this process led to the emergence of "chaotic" urban-rural land patterns. This study sought to identify the extent to which LSIEP development has affected rural-urban land transformation (RULT). The primary data were land use/cover (LUC) data from 2005, 2015, and 2020 and the LSIEP distributions. The methods applied are the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model for 2025's LUC prediction and the RULT index approach, RULT index development using the analytical hierarchy process. These combined approaches were novel in Indonesia, which usually relies on Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov, overlay (spatial), and descriptive statistics analyses to describe the RULT phenomenon. It was found that the villages located around the LSIEP close to the Jakarta megacity toll road network and those adjacent to the municipality (city) had been transformed into urban areas, while villages far from those locations were still rural. This study's results help clarify the rural to urban transformation in Jakarta megacity's outer suburbs and could be used as input for spatial planning policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial growth and development are among the integral components of economic development in developing countries such as Iran. Markazi province in the central part of Iran is one of the most prone areas for industrial progress due to its geopolitical location, proximity to the capital and major cities, and access via Iran's western corridor. Over the last few decades, the concentration of major industries in combination with a lack of environmental safeguards have led to major environmental concerns, such that the province's industrial development faces serious challenges going forward. This paper analyzes how to resolve these challenges through strategic analysis of stakeholder interactions using a Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, i.e., a non-cooperative model of game theory. Results indicate that, from a strategic point of view, the main cause of the conflict is over physical industrial land development in Markazi province by way of rationality and organizational benefits from stakeholders. It was shown that the insistence from the Industry and Mining Organization on industrial development and the Department of Environment on the preservation of natural resources and the environment, on the one hand, and the prevention of their further destruction, on the other, have made it difficult to find a cooperative solution. The findings further unveiled that in a non-cooperative scenario (i.e., the current situation), the equilibrium point of the conflict is status 16 (i.e., among the 18 situations) and no unilateral progression from either party can be detected. Via the equilibrium point, if the current preferences of the parties cannot be resolved, the conflict will remain at a deadlock leaving the environment at risk of further degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid urbanization of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has led to the convergence of population, land and capital. The coordination between land development intensity and urban resilience has become a key issue in the post-urbanization period. From the perspective of regional overall and coordinated development, we constructed an evaluation index system of land development intensity and urban resilience. Then, the comprehensive evaluation model, coupling coordination degree model and panel Tobit regression model were adopted to systematically study the temporal and spatial differentiation of and influencing factors on the coupling coordination degree between land development intensity and urban resilience in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2009 to 2019. The results show that from 2009 to 2019, the land development intensity exhibited a slow and fluctuating increase, while the urban resilience displayed continuous growth, and the level of land development intensity generally lagged behind that of urban resilience. From 2009 to 2019, the average coupling coordination degree between land development intensity and urban resilience in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration increased from 0.5177 to 0.6626, which generally changed from bare coordination to moderate coordination. In terms of spatial distribution, the coastal cities and cities along the Yangtze River were characterized by high coupling coordination degrees, which formed a "T" shape distribution pattern. In addition, the coupling coordination types showed certain spatio-temporal heterogeneity among cities. Finally, land economic benefit, green industrial development, scientific and technological innovation, social management and infrastructure all had significant impacts on the coupling and coordination between land development intensity and urban resilience in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have explored the drivers and consequences of the expansion of urban areas. However, limited research has been conducted on the land development of cities based on the different developmental stages. Therefore, using land transaction records obtained by Python in the land market of China during the 2011–2015 period, this study explores the factors affecting the land development process in 289 cities at five different stages of economic development. The development stages are identified by combing per capita GDP and the industrial structure in the 289 cities in 2015. The stages of economic development are the primary production stage (PPS), primary industrialization stage (PIS), middle industrialization stage (MIS), later industrialization stage (LIS), and developed stage (DS). The results reveal that with the advance of regional development stage, the scale of land development increases. We also find that, in general, the proportions of residential and public management-service land development projects increases, whereas the proportion of transportation land development projects decreases. The proportions of industrial-mining-warehouse land development projects first increases and then decreases, and there is no significant change in the proportion of land used for commercial land development projects. Regression analyses of panel data indicate that various factors have different effects on land development at five developmental stages, although the positive effects of domestic fixed asset investment on land development are always strongest. The results can contribute to our understanding of land development patterns in different stages of development and local governments in China, and thus to the formulation of reasonable annual land development plans. • With the development of regional economy, the demand for construction land is increasing. • The differences of land development structure in different stages of economic development are also significant. • The impact of non-agricultural industrial development, capital accumulation and population growth on land development in different stages of economic development is also significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A fine and standardized classification system of industrial land based on production intensity is proposed. • Refined to the internal structure to strengthen the evolution law of construction land in urban areas. • Deeply excavation of the land demand diversity based on different development of subdivisions industry. • Finding obvious spatial differentiation of the leading direction of industrial land structure evolution in research area. • Carrying out industrial transfer and relocation policy according to the changing law of industrial spatial layout. Abstract Land is the space foothold of industrial development, and the reasonable development of industrial land is related to the reasonable allocation of land resources in a certain area. However, the traditional classification of industrial land is mostly based on its function, form or application, which covers the qualitative change of a regional industrial structure in terms of the change of the land use structure. To explore the heterogeneity of the evolution of classification of industrial land, this paper constructs a new industrial land classification consisting of capital-intensive industrial land, labour-intensive industrial land, and knowledge-intensive industrial land and builds a mechanical equilibrium model based on the data of stated-owned construction land supply in the years from 2007 to 2014 in Anhui Province. The evolution characteristics of industrial land structures are systematically studied in terms of the evolution degree, evolution direction and regional differences. The results show that, from 2007 to 2014, the transformation coefficient of industrial land structures in Anhui Province presents a trend of "two-stage" descending, taking 2011 as a watershed. The speed of transformation and the degree of spatial aggregation in different regions are different, forming three hotspots of industrial land transformation in Bengbu-Bozhou, Anqing, and Wuhu city. Capital-intensive industrial land is becoming the leading direction of the development of industrial land in northern Anhui, while middle and southern Anhui are dominated by knowledge-intensive industrial land. The article notes out that the direction of the evolution of land use structure basically accords with the theory of industrial upgrading, but different regions are in different upgrading stages. The research results will not only enrich the perspective of the study on the internal structure changes of urban construction land but also provide a reference for the construction of a new statistical system of industrial land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the global accelerated pace of industrialization and urbanization, the state of disorder in land development has become the primary problem affecting sustainable and coordinated development in China. This study proposes a new technical framework to support the assessment of the spatial pattern of land development from a “production-life-ecology” perspective. The objective of our study was to develop a comprehensive assessment methodology by clarifying the functions of land and establishing a comprehensive index system that includes a total of 29 indicators. This framework can produce realistic and reliable patterns of land development because it synthetically takes formative environmental, social, and economic indicators into account while also considering the impact of human behaviors such as travel flow and economic flow on spatial land patterns. This research conducts a case study on the spatial pattern of land development in Yunnan Province of China in 2015, finding that the land development occurs in a scattered production-function pattern of one core, five groups, and coupled pairs of urban collaboration, a polycentric life-function pattern represented by radial concentric-ringed zones, and an aggregated ecology-function pattern with high values in the west and low values in the east. The proposed technical framework of pattern assessment can provide an effective reference for governments to improve the planning and development of land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports about the environmental conditions prevailing in Malaysia. Some of the environmental health problems of Malaysia include infectious diseases of developing societies and the chemical health problems in developed societies. The main economic activities of forestry, agriculture and mining in Malaysia are affected by the momentum of land development and its related disruptions. There was a time when rivers served as the life stream of Malaysia's rural communities but today, these water resources have been destroyed by urbanization and industrialization. Not only this, the beaches of Malaysia have been polluted by sewage wastes.