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We investigated the protective effects of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) from Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in Vero cells. BDB exhibited scavenging activity for DPPH, hydroxyl, and alkyl radicals. BDB also inhibited H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation, cell death, and apoptosis in Vero cells by inhibiting the production of ROS. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition, the expression of Bax/Bcl-xL and NF-κB was assessed by western blot assay. BDB significantly suppressed the cleavage of caspase-9 and PARP and reduced Bax levels in H2O2-induced Vero cells. Besides, BDB suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the translocation of p65 in H2O2-induced cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of BDB on ROS production, cell death, and lipid peroxidation in an H2O2-stimulated zebrafish embryo model. Taken together, these results indicated that ROS generation and cell death were significantly inhibited by BDB in zebrafish embryos, thereby proving that BDB exerts excellent antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.

The anti-inflammatory effects of 3‑bromo‑5‑(ethoxymethyl)‑1,2‑benzenediol (BEMB) from Polysiphonia morrowii were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryo. BEMB showed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryo without cytotoxicity. Moreover, BEMB suppressed the protein and mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65 and inhibitor of NF-κB [IκB]-A) in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryo, respectively. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that BEMB suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, and COX-2 as well as their regulation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos by inhibiting ROS production and NF-κB expression. Therefore, this study suggests that BEMB could be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

We investigated the protective effects of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) from

In this study, trans-1,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxypropane-1-one (DPEP) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish embryos. In the present study, DPEP exhibited potential protective effect in the zebrafish embryos as confirmed by survival rate. DPEP acts as an effective agent against reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induced by LPS. Moreover, DPEP effectively inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in zebrafish embryos. In addition, DPEP significantly reduced the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2), which generate NO as a key mediator of inflammation in a concentration-dependent manner. According to these results, DPEP could be considered an effective anti-inflammatory agent, which might be further developed as a functional ingredient. This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory activity of DPEP in the LPS-stimulated zebrafish model.

In this study, the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB on inflammation induction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish embryos were evaluated using N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), specific inhibitors of ROS and NF-κB, respectively. LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos showed increasing production of NO and ROS and expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein, compared to a control group without LPS. However, NAC significantly inhibited production of NO and ROS and markedly suppressed expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. The mRNA expressions of NF-κB such as p65NF-κB and IκB-A were significantly increased after LPS stimulation, whereas PDTC attenuated mRNA expression of NF-κB. PDTC also inhibited production of NO and reduced expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. Taken together, these results indicated that LPS increases pro-inflammatory mediators in zebrafish embryos through ROS and NF-κB regulation.