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A single-species model subject to nonlinear boundary conditions is investigated. Existence, nonexistence, and local/global asymptotical stability of positive steady-state solutions are shown to identify the ranges of parameters, the growth rate functions, and boundary reaction functions. In particular, we show that the model can have multiple equilibria and in some parameter ranges can support Allee effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion system subject to nonlinear boundary conditions is considered with an aim to understand the nonlinear balance between two competing nonlinear mechanisms (namely, interior reaction and boundary flux). A complete picture on the global dynamics (including the existence, nonexistence, global stability, and steady-state bifurcation of semi-trivial positive steady-state solutions) has been studied in terms of inter-specific competition coefficients, the growth rate functions, and boundary reaction functions. Our results extend largely the relevant results in the existing literature on Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion systems, even those with homogeneous boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate a reaction–diffusion model with delay and Robin boundary condition in heterogeneous environment. The existence, multiplicity and stability of spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solutions and periodic solutions are studied by employing the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method. Moreover, the Hopf bifurcation direction is derived. It is observed that Robin boundary condition plays a crucial role in the Hopf bifurcation. More precisely, when the boundary effect is stronger than the interaction of the species within the region, there is no Hopf bifurcation no matter how the time delay τ changes. Finally, we illustrate our general theoretical results by an application to the Nicholson's blowflies model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper performs an in-depth qualitative analysis of the dynamic behavior of a diffusive SIS epidemic system with delay in heterogeneous environment subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. Firstly, we explore the principal eigenvalue to obtain the stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the effect of the nonhomogeneous coefficients on the stable region of the DFE. Secondly, we obtain the existence, multiplicity and explicit structure of the endemic equilibrium (EE), i.e., spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solutions, by using the implicit function theorem and Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method. Furthermore, by analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues of infinitesimal generators, the stability of EE and the existence of Hopf bifurcations at EE are given. Finally, the direction of Hopf bifurcation and stability of the bifurcating periodic solution are obtained by virtue of normal form theory and center manifold reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a reaction–diffusion–advection model with nonlocal delay effect and nonlinear boundary condition is investigated. By employing the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method, we not only establish the existence, multiplicity and stability of spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solutions, but also obtain some sufficient conditions ensuring the occurrence of a Hopf bifurcation at the steady-state solutions. It is observed that time delay determines the existence of Hopf bifurcation when the interior reaction term is stronger than the boundary reaction term. Finally, the general theoretical results are applied to a diffusive Logistic model with advection term under monostable nonlinear boundary condition and the effect of advection on Hopf bifurcation values is also considered. The results show that Hopf bifurcation is more likely to occur in the case of small advection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the existence, stability, and multiplicity of steady-state solutions and periodic solutions for a reaction-diffusion model with nonlocal delay effect and nonlinear boundary condition are investigated by using Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. When the interior reaction term is weaker than the boundary reaction term, it is found that there is no Hopf bifurcation no matter how either of the interior reaction delay and the boundary reaction delay changes. When the interior reaction term is stronger than the boundary reaction term, it is the interior reaction delay instead of the boundary reaction delay that determines the existence of Hopf bifurcation. Moreover, the general results are illustrated by applications to models with either a single delay or bistable boundary condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a reaction–diffusion model with delay effect and Dirichlet boundary condition is considered. Firstly, the existence, multiplicity, and patterns of spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solution are obtained by using the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction. Secondly, by means of space decomposition, we subtly discuss the distribution of eigenvalues of the infinitesimal generator associated with the linearized system at a spatially nonhomogeneous synchronous steady-state solution, and then we derive some sufficient conditions to ensure that the nontrivial synchronous steady-state solution is asymptotically stable. By using the symmetric bifurcation theory of differential equations together with the representation theory of standard dihedral groups, we not only investigate the effect of time delay on the pattern formation, but also obtain some important results on the spontaneous bifurcation of multiple branches of nonlinear wave solutions and their spatiotemporal patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a generalized predator–prey system with prey-taxis under Neumann boundary condition, that is, the predators can survive even in the absence of the prey species. It is proved that for an arbitrary spatial dimension, the corresponding initial boundary value problem possesses a unique global bounded classical solution when the prey-taxis is restricted to a small range. Moreover, the local stabilities of constant steady states (including trivial, semi-trivial and positive constant steady states) are investigated. A further study on the coexistence steady state implies that the prey-taxis term suppresses the global asymptotical stability and influences the steady-state/Hopf bifurcations (if they exist). Analyses of steady-state bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, and even Hopf/steady-state mode interaction are carried out in detail by means of the Lyapunov–Schmidt procedure. In particular, we obtain stable or unstable steady states, time-periodic solutions, quasi-periodic solutions, and sphere-like surfaces of solutions. These results provide theoretical evidences to the complex spatiotemporal dynamics found in numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence, stability, local and global bifurcation of the steady state solutions for a diffusive logistic model with nonlinear boundary conditions. Supercritical and subcritical bifurcation of steady state solutions are obtained by virtue of the Crandall–Rabinowitz theorem and the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction. The local stability and the possibility of obtaining an Allee effect are also analyzed. Furthermore, the result on global bifurcation is obtained as well by employing the Rabinowitz theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diffusive predator–prey system with predator functional response subject to Neumann boundary conditions is considered. Existence, nonexistence, and boundedness of non-constant positive steady state solutions are shown to identify the ranges of parameters of spatial pattern formation. Hopf and steady-state bifurcation analyses are carried out in detail. These results provide theoretical evidences to the complex spatio-temporal dynamics found by numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diffusive predator–prey system with predator functional response subject to Neumann boundary conditions is considered. Existence, nonexistence, and boundedness of positive steady state solutions are shown to identify the ranges of parameters of spatial pattern formation. Hopf and steady-state bifurcation analyses are carried out in detail. These results provide theoretical evidences to the complex spatio-temporal dynamics found by numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the existence, stability, and multiplicity of nontrivial (spatially homogeneous or nonhomogeneous) steady-state solution and periodic solutions for a reaction-diffusion model with nonlocal delay effect and Dirichlet/Neumann boundary condition are investigated by using Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. Moreover, we illustrate our general results by applications to population models with one-dimensional spatial domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a class of diffusive Lotka–Volterra equation with time delay subject to the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition in a bounded domain. The existence of spatially nonhomogeneous steady state solution is investigated by applying Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction. The stability and nonexistence of Hopf bifurcation at the spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solution with the changes of a specific parameter are obtained by analyzing the distribution of the eigenvalues. Moreover, we illustrate our general results by applications to models with a single delay and one-dimensional spatial domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of a diffusive Lotka–Volterra type model for two species with nonlocal delay effect and Dirichlet boundary conditions is investigated in this paper. The existence and multiplicity of spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solutions are obtained by means of Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction. The stability of spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solutions and the existence of Hopf bifurcation with the changes of the time delay are obtained by analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues of the infinitesimal generator associated with the linearized system. By the normal form theory and the center manifold reduction, the stability and bifurcation direction of Hopf bifurcating periodic orbits are derived. Finally, our theoretical results are illustrated by a model with homogeneous kernels and one-dimensional spatial domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the existence, stability, and multiplicity of spatially nonhomogeneous steady-state solution and periodic solutions for a reaction–diffusion model with nonlocal delay effect and Dirichlet boundary condition are investigated by using Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction. Moreover, we illustrate our general results by applications to models with a single delay and one-dimensional spatial domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the Neumann problem of a stationary Lotka–Volterra model with diffusion and advection. In the model it is assumed that one population growth rate is described by weak Allee effect. We first obtain some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of nonconstant solutions by using the Leray–Schauder degree theory. And then we study a limiting system (with nonlocal constraint) which stems from the original model as diffusion and advection of one of the species tend to infinity. Finally, we classify the global bifurcation structure of nonconstant solutions of the simplified 1D case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local stability of the steady state for a general class of a reaction–diffusion model with nonlocal delay effect and nonlinear boundary condition is investigated under natural and minimal hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]