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The application of ionic liquids is prevalent in various industries, including pharmaceutical, chemical, and aerospace, especially in environments with high temperatures. Thus, the importance of researching the characteristics and mechanism of the pyrolysis hazard of ionic liquids cannot be overemphasized. This research presents a systematic study of a new versatile ionic liquid, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Pmim][NO 3 ]). The flash-ignition temperature, thermal decomposition and thermal runaway characteristics of [Pmim][NO 3 ] were analyzed using various techniques, including thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, flash-ignition temperature tester, and accelerating rate calorimeter, for determining its major hazard characteristics. The main thermodynamic and safety parameters, as well as the reaction pattern of the pyrolysis process, were obtained. Additionally, an assessment was conducted to determine the potential occurrence and seriousness of a runaway reaction of [Pmim][NO 3 ] decompose. The present study is of significant importance in improving the intrinsic safety level of ionic liquids in the processes of synthesis, utilization, storage, and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Patch test (PT) readings are recommended after 48 h and 72 h (D3). An additional day 7 (D7) reading has been suggested by some, although data on efficient patient selection are scarce. We investigated positive D7 reactions regarding (i) allergens in the baseline series and additional PT series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and (ii) characteristics of the patients tested. Methods: Retrospective, multicentre analysis of 190 allergens derived from 17 DKG test series in 4687 patients with an additional D7 reading. Patients were patch tested with the baseline series and additional series, if required. Occurrence of novel D7 reactions as well as increasing skin reactions from D3 to D7 was analysed separately. Results: Depending on the allergen tested, waiving D7 readings would have missed 4.4–26.8% of positive PT results. Patch test series with the highest number of novel D7 reactions were baseline series, metal series, and leather/shoe series. New positive reactions on D7 were associated with age over 50 years and with a negative irritant control containing sodium lauryl sulphate. Of note, application of the PT allergens for 48 h instead of 24 h was positively associated with late PT reactions. Conclusion: Within the most frequently tested allergens, without late readings, on average 11.7% of sensitizations would have been missed. Novel late reacting allergens were identified. This study comprehensively dissects patient‐, allergen‐ and test‐dependent parameters in support for D7 readings. We propose to always consider late readings individually based on effort‐benefit considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous adverse events are common with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. However, the nature of the specific cutaneous adverse event of dermatitis has not been investigated across various PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Oncologic outcomes potentially associated with dermatitis are not well characterized.Objective: To assess the nature of dermatitis after exposure to a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and oncologic outcomes associated with dermatitis.Methods: Retrospective, matched, case-control study conducted at a single academic center.Results: The most common histologic patterns were lichenoid dermatitis (50%) and spongiotic dermatitis (40%). The overall tumor response rate was 65.0% for the case patients and 17.0% for the controls (P = .0007) (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-23.1). The progression-free survival and overall survival times were significantly longer for the case patients than for the controls by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < .0001 and .0203, respectively).Limitations: The retrospective design and relatively small sample size precluded matching for all cancer types.Conclusions: Lichenoid and spongiotic dermatitis associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors could be a sign of robust immune response and improved oncologic outcomes. The value of PD-1/PD-L1-related dermatitis in predicting cancer outcomes awaits investigation through prospective multicenter studies for specific cancer types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The host range of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, includes many taxa of the Cucurbitaceae. Little is known of the interactions of this pathogen with wild and weedy Cucurbita species, the genus encompassing two important crops, pumpkin and squash. Interactions of 97 Cucurbita spp. accessions, mostly wild and weedy forms representing 10 species, with 11 P. cubensis isolates originating from Cucumis sativus were studied by using a leaf-disc method under controlled conditions. Among the 97 accessions, 57 distinct reaction patterns were observed. Fifteen accessions were resistant and 12 susceptible to all 11 pathogen isolates. Within-accession, heterogeneous reactions were observed in only nine interactions. Of the 15 accessions resistant to all pathotypes, 13 were wild and weedy C. argyrosperma. Reactions of Cucurbita spp. to P. cubensis are race-specific. The development of methodology for P. cubensis race determination and denomination should include a differential set of genotypes for each species separately. C. argyrosperma, which is partially cross-compatible with the economically important C. pepo, offers a potential source for breeding downy mildew-resistant squash and pumpkins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Miliary dermatitis is a common term used to describe small, usually circumscribed, crusted papules on cats. The condition is a reaction pattern and can be seen in a variety of conditions. For successful treatment and/or management, the underlying condition has to be identified and treated. This paper describes the clinical signs, a diagnostic approach and an overview of treatment and management of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel thermostable α-amylase, D45 was studied for its reaction pattern on starch hydrolysis. Fine structures of the dextrins and oligosaccharides produced by D45 were determined and compared with those produced by other thermostable α-amylases, Termamyl®LC (LC) and Termamyl®SC (SC). Waxy maize starch dispersion was hydrolyzed with LC, SC and D45 at different concentrations to obtain hydrolysates with the same dextrose equivalent value (DE). At DE ∼13, molecular weight distribution of dextrins produced by D45 displayed a mono-distribution with a peak centered at degree of polymerization (DP) of 7, whereas LC and SC hydrolysates displayed a bimodal-distribution of the molecular weight profiles with one peak centered at DP 5 and the other at DP 34. Thin-layer chromatograms (TLC) showed that DP 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 were the primary oligosaccharides produced in LC hydrolysate, DP 4–7 in SC hydrolysate, and DP 6–9 in D45 hydrolysate. Comparison of the decrease in the blue color of amylose-iodine complex at 620nm (blue value) with the increase in reducing value for the hydrolysis of amylose by LC, SC and D45 showed that for an equivalent decrease in blue value, LC and SC produced a higher percentage of reducing sugar than did D45. The results suggest that D45 has a greater degree of random attack (multichain) reaction, whereas LC and SC have more multiple-attack reactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Different aspects of the symbolic algebra computations for generating elementary reactions of complex systems are reviewed. Such calculations are the heart of each automated mechanism generator system and are employed extensively in different stages of mechanism generation. The range of symbolic calculation topics and basic ideas of these implementations, together with some specific examples, are given. Particular attention is devoted to the transition between the symbolic calculation and the real complex chemistry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nest building and farrowing behaviour of 40 Landrace/Yorkshire (L/Y) sows was studied in their first and second parity. In the first parity the gilts were either housed in a crate or a “get-away-pen” (GAP) and in the second parity either the same farrowing environment was used again or the sow was housed in the alternative system. The behaviour was compared with the behavioural reaction pattern of the same individuals in prepubertal tests (open field test, human-test, food competition test) and the reactivity in the HPA-axis during the open field test.Nest building behaviour was in both parities found to be more elaborated in the GAPs, where the prepartum rooting period started significantly sooner (32.5±3.0 h versus 41.3±3.0 h, F1,27=5.72; P<0.05 and 27.4±3.3 h versus 35.6±3.1 h, F1,27=4.33; P<0.05, respectively) and had a longer duration (21.5±3.1 h versus 32.6±3.1 h, F1,27=8.33; P<0.01 and 27.9±3.6 versus 38.7±3.4 h, F1,27=6.57; P<0.05, respectively). Farrowing behaviour was in the first parity strongly dependent upon the environment, e.g. the mean piglet birth interval was significantly longer in the crates (30±4 min versus 19±3 min, F1,21=5.55; P<0.05), indicating an increased environmental sensitivity in gilts as compared to the second parity sows, where no environmental effect was found. Both farrowing and nest building behaviour, especially in the first parity, was connected to the prepubertal behavioural and physiological reaction pattern (1st parity—immobility in human-test∼activity during farrowing: rs=−0.49; P<0.01, N=38 and the quantity of postural changes in nest building period∼rise in cortisol during open field test: rs=0.44; P<0.01, N=35). Furthermore, there was a strong repeatability across parities in parameters describing activity during nest building and farrowing.The prepubertal gilts reacting behaviourally calm in a stressful situation were timing their nest building more optimally than the more actively responding individuals. Behavioural activity during prepubertal tests was also correlated with being active during farrowing. We therefore conclude that behaviour during nest building and farrowing is related to the general reaction pattern during stress, especially in inexperienced gilts, and that the performance reflects an innate pattern of reaction in the individual, that can be modified by the environment and previous experience. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

One hundred forty-two Rh-specific monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were evaluated by serology in 27 laboratories. Evaluators were asked to test each Mab at three dilutions in specified serological techniques against normal positive and normal negative phenotype cells, and any Rh variant cells that they had available. Raw data was submitted to the coordinator for overall analysis. Results were analysed by expressing the sum of reaction grades for each Mab with each variant cell as a percentage of the sum of reaction grades of that Mab with normal phenotype cells. Anti-D Mabs were sorted into 23 groups which had the same pattern of reactions with different partial D phenotype cells. Eighteen of these corresponded to previously defined patterns; five were new patterns. Combined with data from the previous workshop, this means that 30 different reaction patterns have been defined. A new nomenclature is introduced for numbering the epitopes. Reactions with new variants DNB, DNU and DAR indicated some further subsplits of these patterns. Reactions with Category Va cells indicated that there were five different types of Va cells that could be distinguished serologically with monoclonal antibodies. No patterns of reactivity corresponding to the epitope groups could be observed with the different types of weak D tested. Anti-E Mabs were sorted into 14 groups, and the E variant cells into seven groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourty two barley lines derived from the F[sub7] of crosses between barley cultivars and different accessions of Hordeum Spontaneum collected in Israel and 30 lines or varieties with known genes for resistance to powdery mildew were included in this study. Eleven European and three Israeli powdery mildew cultures, possessing virulence genes corresponding to known resistance genes, were used to make comparisons between the varieties with known resistance genes and H. spontaneum derived lines. The reaction pattern of 39 H. spontaneum derived lines was clearly different from the reaction pattern of any of the known genes for mildew resistance included in this study. Only two cases were observed in which the reaction pattern of H. spontaneum derived lines agreed with reaction patterns of known genes for mildew resistance viz. Ml-a9 and Ml-p. The Mildew resistance of one line apparently traces back to uncontrolled outcrossing with a Ml-a6 + Ml-g resistant cultivar. Since the majority of the 42 host genotypes tested showed distinctive variation in resistant reaction types against different mildew cultures, this study does not support the assumption that differences in resistant infection types against distinct mildew cultures are sufficient to indicate the presence of supplementary genes for resistance in a given genotype of the host. The results justify the conclusion that the natural population of H. Spontaneum in Israel forms a large gene pool for mildew resistance which is not yet used in cultivated barley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]