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Knowledge graphs are crucial assets for tasks like query answering or data integration. These tasks can be viewed as reasoning problems, which in turn require efficient reasoning systems to be implemented. To this end, we present VLog, a rule-based reasoner designed to satisfy the requirements of modern use cases, with a focus on performance and adaptability to different scenarios. We address the former with a novel vertical storage layout, and the latter by abstracting the access to data sources and providing a platform-independent Java API. Features of VLog include fast Datalog materialisation, support for reasoning with existential rules, stratified negation, and data integration from a variety of sources, such as high-performance RDF stores, relational databases, CSV files, OWL ontologies, and remote SPARQL endpoints.

Linked lists represent a countable number of ordered values, and are among the most important abstract data types in computer science. With the advent of RDF as a highly expressive knowledge representation language for the Web, various implementations for RDF lists have been proposed. Yet, there is no benchmark so far dedicated to evaluate the performance of triple stores and SPARQL query engines on dealing with ordered linked data. Moreover, essential tasks for evaluating RDF lists, like generating datasets containing RDF lists of various sizes, or generating the same RDF list using different modelling choices, are cumbersome and unprincipled. In this paper, we propose List.MID, a systematic benchmark for evaluating systems serving RDF lists. List.MID consists of a dataset generator, which creates RDF list data in various models and of different sizes; and a set of SPARQL queries. The RDF list data is coherently generated from a large, community-curated base collection of Web MIDI files, rich in lists of musical events of arbitrary length. We describe the List.MID benchmark, and discuss its impact and adoption, reusability, design, and availability.

This document presents a survey prior to a thesis project, which aims to propose solutions allowing local and restricted access to the Web of data. We have explored several relevant mechanisms proposed in the literature, dedicated to various problems and likely to constitute important points for our future contributions. Since our main objective is to offer tools dedicated to mobility situations in environments where internet access is unreliable, we were particularly interested in comparing approaches (P2P, DHT, etc.) allowing to realize a particular fog/edge computing scenario which is restricted and local mobile access to contextually relevant and shared related data. In this context, we have focused some of our research on so-called gossip protocols (or epidemic protocols) that are well suited to the dynamic nature of networks. The dynamic aspect of the peers also led us to consider the solutions that take into account the location of the peers in order to improve the quality of the services offered.In addition, we looked at solutions dealing with semantic heterogeneity in peer-to-peer environments, including ontology alignment mechanisms that allow us to fully benefit from the power of peer-to-peer systems without imposing the use of a common ontology to all peers.Data replication and caching can be an important alternative to accessing remote sources; we have devoted the last part of this document to solutions based on these mechanisms to supply a local access to data.; Ce document présente un état de l'art préalable à un projet de thèse qui vise à proposer des solutions permettant un accès local et restreint au Web de données. Nous avons exploré plusieurs mécanismes pertinents proposés dans la littérature, dédiés à des problématiques différentes et pouvant constituer des points importants pour nos futures contributions. Notre objectif principal étant de proposer des outils dédiés à des situations de mobilité dans des environnements ou l’accès internet est peu fiable, nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement à comparer des approches (P2P, DHT, etc.) permettant de réaliser un scénario de fog/edge computing particulier qui est l'accès mobile restreint et local à des données liées contextuellement pertinentes et partagées. Dans cette optique, nous avons focalisé une partie de nos recherches bibliographiques sur les protocoles dits de « gossip » (ou protocoles épidémiques) qui s’avèrent bien adaptés au caractère dynamique des réseaux. L'aspect dynamique des pairs nous a aussi amené à considérer des solutions qui prennent en compte la localisation des pairs pour améliorer la qualité des services offerts.Nous regardons de plus dans ce document, des solutions traitant de l’hétérogénéité sémantique dans des environnements pair-à-pair, notamment des mécanismes d’alignements d’ontologies qui permettent de profiter pleinement de la puissance des systèmes pair-à-pair sans imposer l’utilisation d’une ontologie commune à tous les pairs.La réplication et le cache de données pouvant constituer une alternative importante à l’accès à des sources distantes, nous avons consacré la dernière partie de ce document aux solutions reposant sur ces mécanismes et offrant ainsi un accès local aux données.

Ad-hoc querying is crucial to access information from Linked Data, yet publishing queryable RDF datasets on the Web is not a trivial exercise. The most compelling argument to support this claim is that the Web contains hundreds of thousands of data documents, while only 260 queryable SPARQL endpoints are provided. Even worse, the SPARQL endpoints we do have are often unstable, may not comply with the standards, and may differ in supported features. In other words, hosting data online is easy, but publishing Linked Data via a queryable API such as SPARQL appears to be too difficult. As a consequence, in practice, there is no single uniform way to query the LOD Cloud today. In this paper, we therefore combine a large-scale Linked Data publication project LOD Laundromat with a low-cost server-side interface Triple Pattern Fragments, in order to bridge the gap between the Web of downloadable data documents and the Web of live queryable data. The result is ai¾?repeatable, low-cost, open-source data publication process. To demonstrate its applicability, we made over 650,000 data documents available as datai¾?APIs, consisting of 30i¾?billion i¾?triples.

International audience; Le web sémantique désigne un ensemble de technologies visant à rendre les ressources du web plus largement utilisables ou plus pertinentes grâce à un système de métadonnées qui utilisent notamment la famille des langages développés par le W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).Cet ouvrage offre dans un langage accessible une synthèse de ce qu'il faut aujourd'hui savoir du web sémantique. Il explique simplement quelles sont les techniques mises en œuvre et dresse un panorama des utilisations potentielles et des bénéfices attendus.

This document is the final report of the CoMMA project. It gives an overview of the different search activities that have been achieved through the project. First, a description of the general requirements is proposed through the definition of two scenarios. Then it shows the different technical aspects of the projects and the solution that has been proposed and implemented.

It is a strength of graph-based data formats, like RDF, that they are very flexible with representing data. To avoid run-time errors, program code that processes highly-flexible data representations exhibits the difficulty that it must always include the most general case, in which attributes might be set-valued or possibly not available. The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) has been devised to enforce constraints on otherwise random data structures. We present our approach, Type checking using SHACL (TyCuS), for type checking code that queries RDF data graphs validated by a SHACL shape graph. To this end, we derive SHACL shapes from queries and integrate data shapes and query shapes as types into a \(\lambda \)-calculus. We provide the formal underpinnings and a proof of type safety for TyCuS. A programmer can use our method in order to process RDF data with simplified, type checked code that will not encounter run-time errors (with usual exceptions as type checking cannot prevent accessing empty lists).