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Abstract The modern market of dairy products is quite developed, but the issue of compliance with the quality and safety of their production remains relevant. The purpose of this paper was to study the organoleptic, physicochemical and safety indicators of combined dairy products based on mare’s and cow’s milk using herbal supplements. In the course of the research, analytical and statistical methods of information processing were used; experimental studies of raw materials and the finished combined product, namely the determination of acidity, solids, fat and protein; energy and biological values of the product were calculated. Technological processes of combined dairy products based on cow’s and mare’s milk using a vegetable origin filler were studied. Of the three prototypes of the proposed dairy products, it was determined to recommend samples No. 2 and 3. High quality indicators are observed in them, in particular, a rich taste with a pronounced taste of additional components, a pleasant smell and appearance. Also, the finished product in samples No. 2 and 3 have high safety indicators. Pathogenic and harmful microorganisms and substances were not found, acceptable microorganisms are within the maximum permissible limits. According to the research results, new dairy products are recommended using vegetable raw materials with different fat, protein, energy value, caloric content and lactose content. In the process of writing this paper, indicators of nutritional, energy value and safety of new types of dairy products based on cow and mare’s milk with vegetable additives were determined. Taking into account the research results and the materials of previous scientific papers, authors consider it promising to develop and sell dairy products based on cow’s and mare’s milk using a filler of plant origin. The advantages of the resulting product include: consumer interest in such products, high quality indicators, product safety, the possibility of using products in functional and specialized nutrition. Graphical Abstract

The modern market of dairy products is quite developed, but the issue of compliance with the quality and safety of their production remains relevant. The purpose of this paper was to study the organoleptic, physicochemical and safety indicators of combined dairy products based on mare's and cow's milk using herbal supplements. In the course of the research, analytical and statistical methods of information processing were used; experimental studies of raw materials and the finished combined product, namely the determination of acidity, solids, fat and protein; energy and biological values of the product were calculated. Technological processes of combined dairy products based on cow's and mare's milk using a vegetable origin filler were studied. Of the three prototypes of the proposed dairy products, it was determined to recommend samples No. 2 and 3. High quality indicators are observed in them, in particular, a rich taste with a pronounced taste of additional components, a pleasant smell and appearance. Also, the finished product in samples No. 2 and 3 have high safety indicators. Pathogenic and harmful microorganisms and substances were not found, acceptable microorganisms are within the maximum permissible limits. According to the research results, new dairy products are recommended using vegetable raw materials with different fat, protein, energy value, caloric content and lactose content. In the process of writing this paper, indicators of nutritional, energy value and safety of new types of dairy products based on cow and mare's milk with vegetable additives were determined. Taking into account the research results and the materials of previous scientific papers, authors consider it promising to develop and sell dairy products based on cow's and mare's milk using a filler of plant origin. The advantages of the resulting product include: consumer interest in such products, high quality indicators, product safety, the possibility of using products in functional and specialized nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is a potential protein raw material that is separated and dried from the residue of ethanol fermentation by Clostridium autoethanogenum. It has high protein content and relatively balanced amino acids, and has important research and application value. The article provides an overview of the characteristics, production process, and application status of CAP, analyzes current research hotspots, and points out future research directions, so as to provide reference for the production and application of CAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research deals with an archaeometric study of the pottery of the Umayyad (661-750AD) and Ayyubid-Mamluk (1171- 1250AD, 1250-1517 AD) periods excavated from the Umm as-Surab archaeological site (north-eastern Jordan), using a multianalytical approach, consisting of thin-section petrography, X-ray powder diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and thermal gravimetry. The data collected on ceramic fabric, raw materials, and chemical and mineralogical compositions were used to shed light on the provenance of the potsherds and reconstruct various aspects of their production technology, such as production recipes (base clay versus tempers), firing temperature and atmosphere. Chemical data were statistically treated using a multivariate method. The cluster analysis was performed using the software package of SPSS version 25 and the squared Euclidean distance in the Ward's method. The results indicate that the samples were locally produced using the available raw materials: few samples have different recipes that might indicate a different source for them. The production technology was well controlled, using ferruginous calcareous and non-calcareous clays mixed with quartz and limestone, among others, non-plastic inclusions and fired at temperatures between 750 and 950°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The ceramic pipes of the Roman Italian aqueduct of Raiano are characterized. • An illitic clay with Qtz ± Kfs ± Mca+ coarse volcanic rock fragments was used. • Basic volcanic rock fragments were added to increase the mechanical resistance. • A local supply of the raw materials is established. • The knowledge and engineering skills were widespread in all the Roman World. This work is focused on the study of ceramic pipes of the Roman aqueduct (1st century CE) from Raiano village (L'Aquila, Italy). Pipes were analysed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction to investigate the technological background and to reconstruct the provenance of the raw materials involved in the production. The presence of fragments of basic volcanic rocks such as inclusions suggests the supply of the raw materials from a local pyroclastic deposit. These results underline that during the conquest of Abruzzi territories by the Romans, the local populations were influenced by their technological skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents an archaeometric investigation of ancient ceramics from the archaeological site of Tell el-Far'ah North (West Bank), dated to the south-Levantine Early Bronze I-II (EB I-II, 3300–2700 BC). The application of mineralogical and chemical analyses by optical and scanning electron microscopy yielded the identification of petro-fabrics that allow the reconstruction of the raw material nature used in the manufacture as well as its provenance. The results indicate that the ceramics were produced using calcareous clays with inclusions of sedimentary rock fragments, calcite crystals, iron oxides and quartz. Two basic fabrics have been identified according to the presence or absence of coarse and angular calcite crystals. The optical activity of the matrix and the presence of calcareous inclusions indicate a maximum firing temperature lower than 850 °C and in the range 700–850 °C for those ceramics showing an initial decarbonation process of calcareous inclusions. The nature of the inclusions supports a local supply of raw materials. Moreover, the comparison between the ceramic material of the two subsequent occupational phases at the site allowed achieving important information about the development of the material and technological knowledge reached by its ancient potters, in the transition from the EB I community to the EB II urban centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The topic of this study is the archaeometric characterization of mortars from Villa del Pezzolo, a Roman Villa located in Seiano (Napoli-Campania, Italy), dated between the 1st century B.C. and the 3rd century A.D. Mortars were analyzed by means of a multi-analytical approach (polarized optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersed spectrometry, thermal analyses and mercury intrusion porosimetry) according to existing recommendations. Analytical results evidenced the use of local geomaterials composed of sedimentary and volcanic aggregates in the mix design and confirmed the three distinct building phases identified by archaeologists. Volcanic tuff fragments, identified in the 1st building phase can be ascribed to Campanian Ignimbrite formation, widely cropping out in the Sorrento Peninsula, as confirmed by the presence of glassy shards, partially devitrified and replaced by authigenic feldspar, a typical feature of welded grey ignimbrite lithofacies (WGI). Volcanic aggregates in samples of the 2nd and 3rd building phases show, instead, the presence of leucite-bearing volcanic scoriae and garnet crystal fragments related to Somma-Vesuvius products. Study of these mortars allowed us to: (1) understand the production technologies; (2) highlight use of materials with hydraulic behavior, such as volcanic and fictile fragments; (3) confirm the three building phases from compositional features of mortars and (4) highlight the change over time of the volcanic aggregate for mortars mix-design.

The purpose of our research is to study the possibility of using hemp flour in the production of the enriched chopped semi-finished meat products. The substitution of 10% of minced beef for a similar amount of hemp flour in the recipe of chopped semi-finished meat contributes to: change in the color of the finished product while maintaining acceptable flavor profile; increase in magnesium (2.4 times) and iron (1.5 times) content; increase in lipid content by 22% due to the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Adding hemp flour to the recipe of cutlets does not adversely affect the physical-chemical quality parameters of the finished product. The possibility of using 10% of hemp flour in the production of chopped semi-finished meat products of increased mineral value is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is well known that mineralogical, petrographic and chemical analyses can successfully support provenance studies of archaeological ceramics. The characterisation of a ceramic paste, the assessment of its technology of production and its provenance assignment related to a specific production centre or to a geographical and/or compositional space, are all tasks that can be performed even more accurately if the clayey raw materials used in pottery production are also studied. For that reason the identification of the clay deposits exploited in a given ceramic workshop often plays a key role in the archaeometric reconstruction of the production cycle where geology, mineralogy, petrography and chemistry are equally involved in a sort of ‘integrated approach’. Archaeological excavations in Sicily, especially those that have been accomplished in the last 25years, have brought to light kilns designed for ceramic manufacture in a number of sites, attesting the relevant impact of this activity on the earliest economy in this region of the Western Mediterranean. The geological predisposition of the territory which is characterised by several clayey formations certainly promoted the straightforward development of such a thousand-year old productive tradition. The present research is a detailed study of textural, compositional and technological properties of nine clayey formations cropping out in the territory of Western and Central Sicily, which are already recognised as having been, or as potentially having been used as raw materials for ceramic production. Several compositional and textural markers for distinguishing the clays and therefore, potentially useful to identify the provenance of local/regional ceramic products have been successfully identified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Analytical investigations using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP-MAS NMR), were carried out on white, yellow and red overpaintings on Apulian red-figured pottery fragments (4th century BC) from Altamura, Monte Sannace and Canosa – among the most relevant archaeological sites in ancient Peucetia – in order to outline technological features and define the nature of pigments. The results obtained allow us to highlight that Apulian objects have an external appearance which is very similar to Attic objects, but that they are nevertheless different, as they were made using locally available raw materials employing similar but not identical production technology. Perhaps familiarity, rather than real and proper continuity with the Attic pottery tradition, would explain the analytical results. Moreover, this paper proves that solid state nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (CP-MAS NMR) is a useful analytical tool for the examination of ancient pottery, which is also suitable for the identification of its firing temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study deals with the physical–chemical and mineralogical–petrographic investigations (OM, SEM–EDS, EPMA, ICP, XRpD, Mössbauer and IR) conducted on first- and second-firing wasters belonging to two types of incised slipware (sgraffito), manufactured at Castelfiorentino between the late 15th and the early 17th centuries. Raw materials, colouring agents and firing products were analysed in order to establish the production technology of the ceramic coatings, by means of detailed microtextural and chemical investigations. The pottery underwent two firing processes: the firing of the white slip-coated ceramic body and a further firing after application of the glaze. The homogeneity of the raw materials, white slip and glaze is remarkable, and demonstrates the use of well-established recipes with a constant supply of raw materials from the same places. Highly efficient kiln management during both firings is revealed by body–glaze interface reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of the extraction of biologically active substances from yellow toadflax produced data indicating that the active principles were extracted most completely from raw material if vacuum-filtration extraction was used. The process was carried out with heating at 42°C, infusion for 40 min, and solid:liquid phase ratio 1:10. The yield of extracted flavonoids under these conditions was 96.7% of the total content in the raw material; of iridoids, 93.8%. The selected parameters could be considered optimal and recommended as industrial processing parameters for further production of extracts and their integration into medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Zeus Enthroned is the most important polychrome terracotta sculpture from Paestum. • Analysis were performed to characterize materials and production techniques. • XRD proved the two clay layers were fired at different temperatures. • Raman disclosed the use of hematite and jacobsite as red and black pigments. • Jacobsite suggests a technological interaction with Italic pre-Roman societies. This work summarizes the spectroscopic-assisted archaeometric study of the most important terracotta statue of Poseidonia-Paestum (Italy), the so-called Zeus Enthroned (VI sec. BC). The selected analytical strategy combines the mineralogical and molecular information provided by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis with the elemental data obtained from X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS). To shed light on the raw materials used to create and decorate this unique artwork, the analytical results gathered in this study helped disclosing the applied production technology. As suggested by the detected mineral assemblages, the body was prepared in two steps, using calcareous clay (CC) rich in Mg- and Fe- minerals as raw materials. The inner core and the outer depurated layers were both fired in oxidizing conditions but reaching different temperatures (≥900 °C and 850–900 °C respectively). The statue was decorated by firing manganese- (jacobsite MnFe 2 O 4) and iron- (hematite Fe 2 O 3) oxides in oxidizing conditions. Knowing that the decoration techniques based on the use of Mn-oxides were mastered by Etruscans rather than by Ancient Greeks, the obtained results suggest a transfer of production technology across borders, thus providing an additional clue about the flourishing commercial and cultural exchanges occurred between Greek colonies and Italic pre-Roman societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raw materials supply and price, environmental safety as well as healthcare concerns have directed efforts towards development of W- and Co-free ceramic-metal composites (cermets) bonded with Fe-base alloys (steels). The aim of this review is to present a cross-section of experimental research results and views obtained in the field of ceramic-phase rich (≥ 50 vol%) cermets over the last two decades. The review is mainly concerned with composition, production technology and properties (mechanical, tribological, corrosion) of such ceramic-based composites. According to the literature, under the conditions of proper chemical composition and production technology, cermets with Fe-alloy binder may demonstrate high level of properties comparable and in specific application conditions superior to characteristics observed in WC-Co hardmetals and Ni-alloys bonded cermets. To realize the full potential of cermets with ferrous alloy binders it is required, first of all, to overcome various difficulties encountered in the production of full density, structurally designed (homogeneous, functionally graded, fine-grained etc.) cermet grades for a wide range of application conditions. • Growing demand for safe and green (in health and environmental aspects) solutions in cermets industry. • TiC-base materials as alternative for classical WC-base hardmetals. • Giving an overview of latest research in the field of TiC-base cermets with „green" Fe-based binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of this study is the archaeometric characterization of mortars from Villa del Pezzolo, a Roman Villa located in Seiano (Napoli-Campania, Italy), dated between the 1st century B.C. and the 3rd century A.D. Mortars were analyzed by means of a multi-analytical approach (polarized optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersed spectrometry, thermal analyses and mercury intrusion porosimetry) according to existing recommendations. Analytical results evidenced the use of local geomaterials composed of sedimentary and volcanic aggregates in the mix design and confirmed the three distinct building phases identified by archaeologists. Volcanic tuff fragments, identified in the 1st building phase can be ascribed to Campanian Ignimbrite formation, widely cropping out in the Sorrento Peninsula, as confirmed by the presence of glassy shards, partially devitrified and replaced by authigenic feldspar, a typical feature of welded grey ignimbrite lithofacies (WGI). Volcanic aggregates in samples of the 2nd and 3rd building phases show, instead, the presence of leucite-bearing volcanic scoriae and garnet crystal fragments related to Somma-Vesuvius products. Study of these mortars allowed us to: (1) understand the production technologies; (2) highlight use of materials with hydraulic behavior, such as volcanic and fictile fragments; (3) confirm the three building phases from compositional features of mortars and (4) highlight the change over time of the volcanic aggregate for mortars mix-design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]