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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application anti its rationality of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces among inpatients in the psychiatric hospital of Xiamen Xianyue Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “ our hospital”) , so as to provide references for clinical rational medication. METHODS: The application of TCM decoction pieces in 1 352 inpatient prescriptions of our hospital in 2016 were retrospectively collected and analyzed with the combination of patients’ general information and clinical diagnoses. RESULTS: Among the 1 352 patients with the application of TCM decoction pieces, 788 cases were male, the other 564 were female; mostly were aged 30-<60; mostly with depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The top 5 TCM decoction pieces ranked in using frequency were respectively radix glycyrrhizae, fructus auranii immaturus, Chinese thorowax root, atractylodes macrocephala koidz and poria cocos; mainly were drug for reinforcing energy and blood, regulating energy, smoothing liver and resolving depression, which were basically conformed to the principles and methods of treating depression, anxiety disorder, insomnia and schizophrenia in traditional Chinese medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The application of TCM decoction pieces on inpatients in our hospital is basically rational. TCM decoction piece has the features of hypotoxicity, little adverse drug reactions, protect target organs and multi-path, which can provide new direction for treating mental diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]