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Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by "atrialization" of the right ventricle, due to apical displacement of the tricuspid leaflets into the right ventricle. Patients with EA may develop all kinds of supraventricular arrhythmias requiring radiofrequency ablation. Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is a common arrhythmia in EA patients, and results in debilitating symptoms that often require surgical treatment. This is a follow-up report of 2 patients with EA undergoing radiofrequency ablation for Afib. The first patient underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and the ablation of a concomitant atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. The second patient was also treated with a PVI and a redo PVI 8 months later. Both patients remain in sinus rhythm 8 months on. Radiofrequency ablation is the therapy of choice for patients with pharmacological refractory Afib, but it is not common in patients with EA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of atrial flutter and other arrhythmia recurrences (other than atrial fibrillation [AF]) during long-term follow-up after left atrial substrate modification by percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of AF.Background: RF ablation is an effective treatment for patients with AF. However, late recurrent arrhythmias may complicate the patient's course.Methods: One hundred fifty consecutive patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF were included in this prospective study. The incidence of arrhythmia recurrences after AF ablation was analyzed during long-term follow-up using repetitive 7-day ECG recording.Results: In 28 of 150 patients (18.7%), stable regular arrhythmias other than AF were detected during follow-up. Left atrial flutter observed in 10 patients (6.7%) was treated by recompletion of the ablation lines in all 10 patients. Left atrial flutter was associated with recurrence of AF in all 10 patients. Nine of 10 patients (90%) were free from atrial flutter and 6 of 10 patients were free from AF after the second intervention. Typical right atrial flutter occurred in 10 patients (6.7%) and was treated successfully by percutaneous RF ablation without recurrence in all patients. Additionally, atrial flutter was documented during follow-up in 7 patients (4.7%); however, invasive electrophysiologic evaluation was not performed due to various reasons.Conclusions: Left atrial flutter is a relevant complication after RF catheter ablation of AF and was always associated with AF recurrence in our study population. Prevention of left atrial flutter can be achieved by induction of ablation lines as continuous and transmural as possible. However, left atrial flutter that does occur late after ablation is amenable to interventional treatment with good prospects of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arrhythmias After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: Intraoperative radiofrequency (RE) ablation is an effective treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, secondary arrhythmias late after ablation may complicate the patient's course. We report on the incidence, mechanisms, and treatment of gap-related atrial flutter and other secondary arrhythmias during long-term follow-up. Methods and Results: In 129 patients who underwent intraoperative RE ablation with placement of left atrial linear lesions using minimally invasive surgical techniques, secondary arrhythmias were analyzed during long-term follow-up (20 ± 6 months). Transient atrial arrhythmias during the first 3 postoperative months were excluded. In 8 (6.2%) of 129 patients, sustained stable secondary arrhythmias were documented. Left atrial, gap-related atrial flutter was observed in 4 patients (3.1%). The flutter was treated by percutaneous RE ablation in 3 patients (2.3%) and with drugs in 1 patient (0.8%). In 2 patients (1.6%), right atrial isthmus-dependent atrial flutter occurred and was treated successfully by percutaneous RE ablation. In 2 patients (1.6%), ectopic right atrial tachycardias occurred and were treated with percutaneous RE ablation. Conclusion: Late after intraoperative RE ablation of atrial fibrillation, three types of stable secondary arrhythmias were observed in 6% of patients: left atrial gap-related atrial flutter, right atrial isthmus- dependent atrial flutter, and ectopic atrial tachycardia. Gaps after intraoperative RE ablation due to non- continuous or nontransmural linear lesions may lead to stable left atrial macroreentrant tachycardias, requiring new interventional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]