12 results on '"Cesareo, R."'
Search Results
2. Efficacy of radiofrequency and laser thermal ablation in solving thyroid nodule-related symptoms and cosmetic concerns. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Cesareo R, Egiddi S, Naciu AM, Tabacco G, Leoncini A, Napoli N, Palermo A, and Trimboli P
- Subjects
- Humans, Lasers, Catheter Ablation methods, Laser Therapy methods, Radiofrequency Ablation methods, Thyroid Nodule surgery
- Abstract
Several studies have showed good/excellent results of thermal-ablation (TA) to reduce volume of benign thyroid nodule (TN). Nevertheless, no systematic review has reported information about clinical achievements with TA. Being the latter of high interest, this systematic review was undertaken to achieve high evidence about the efficacy of TA in reducing TN-related symptoms and cosmetic concerns. Radiofrequency (RFA) and laser (LA) therapies were considered. A comprehensive literature search of online databases was performed on January 2022 looking for studies reporting clinical results obtained by RFA or LA in terms of VAS (namely, Visual Analogic Scale) and cosmetic concerns. Initially, 318 records were found and 14 were finally included in the meta-analysis. VAS data were available in all RFA studies and the pooled mean reduction was of 3.09 points with significant heterogeneity. Cosmetic score data were available in 11 RFA studies and the pooled mean reduction was of 1.45 with significant heterogeneity. Regarding LA studies, 4 series reported VAS data and the pooled mean reduction was of 2.61 points with significant heterogeneity. The analysis of LA data about cosmetic concerns was not performed due to data paucity. Importantly, heterogeneities were not explained by meta-regression analyses using several covariates (i.e., baseline TN volume, follow-up duration, volume reduction rate). This systematic review showed that clinical data about TN TA efficacy are sparse and affected by high unexplained inconsistency. International societies should give indication about how we should clinically select and evaluate patients undergoing TN TA., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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3. Laser Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Thyroid Nodules: 12-Month Results of a Randomized Trial (LARA II Study).
- Author
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Cesareo R, Manfrini S, Pasqualini V, Ambrogi C, Sanson G, Gallo A, Pozzilli P, Pedone C, Crescenzi A, and Palermo A
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- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Thyroid Nodule epidemiology, Thyroid Nodule pathology, Thyroidectomy adverse effects, Thyroidectomy methods, Thyroidectomy statistics & numerical data, Treatment Outcome, Laser Therapy adverse effects, Laser Therapy methods, Radiofrequency Ablation adverse effects, Radiofrequency Ablation methods, Thyroid Nodule surgery
- Abstract
Context: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) seems to achieve a significantly larger nodule volume reduction rate (VRR) than laser ablation (LA) in benign nonfunctioning thyroid nodules (BNTNs)., Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of both treatments at 12-month follow-up in patients with solid or predominantly solid BNTN., Methods: This was a single-center, 12-month, randomized, superiority, open-label, parallel-group trial conducted in an outpatient clinic. Sixty patients with a solitary BNTN or dominant nodule characterized by pressure symptoms/cosmetic problems were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either a single session of RFA or LA. Twenty-9 patients per group completed the study. The main outcome measures were VRR and proportion of nodules with more than 50% reduction (technical success rate)., Results: At 12 months, VRR was 70.9 ± 16.9% and 60.0 ± 19.0% in the RFA and LA groups, respectively (P = .024). This effect was confirmed in the linear regression model that was adjusted for age, sex, nodule baseline volume, and proportion of cellular components (RFA treatment: β = .390; P = .009). No significant between-group difference was observed in the technical success rate at 12 months after treatment. A statistically significant improvement was observed from the baseline to the 12-month follow-up for compression (RFA: 4.6 ± 2.6 and 1.3 ± 0.8, P < .001; and LA: 4.6 ± 2.1 and 1.6 ± 0.8, respectively, P < .001) and cosmetic (RFA: 3.4 ± 0.6 and 1.3 ± 0.5, P < .001; and LA: 3.4 ± 0.5 and 1.4 ± 0.6, P < .001) scores although the between-group differences were not significant., Conclusion: RFA achieved a significantly larger nodule volume reduction at 12 months; however, the technical success rate was similar in the RFA and LA groups., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2021
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4. Five-Year Results of Radiofrequency and Laser Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Multicenter Study from the Italian Minimally Invasive Treatments of the Thyroid Group.
- Author
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Bernardi S, Giudici F, Cesareo R, Antonelli G, Cavallaro M, Deandrea M, Giusti M, Mormile A, Negro R, Palermo A, Papini E, Pasqualini V, Raggiunti B, Rossi D, Sconfienza LM, Solbiati L, Spiezia S, Tina D, Vera L, Stacul F, and Mauri G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Thyroid Nodule diagnostic imaging, Thyroid Nodule pathology, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Young Adult, Laser Therapy adverse effects, Radiofrequency Ablation adverse effects, Thyroid Nodule surgery
- Abstract
Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation (LA) are effective treatments for benign thyroid nodules. Due to their relatively recent introduction into clinical practice, there are limited long-term follow-up studies. This study aimed to evaluate technique efficacy, rate of regrowth, and retreatment over 5 years after RFA or LA and to identify predictive factors of outcome. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, the rates of technique efficacy, regrowth, and retreatment were evaluated in 406 patients treated with either RFA or LA, and followed for 5 years after initial treatment. Propensity score matching was used to compare treatments. Cumulative incidence studies with hazard models were used to describe regrowth and retreatment trends, and to identify prognostic factors. Logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used for risk factors and their cutoffs. Results: RFA and LA significantly reduced benign thyroid nodule volume, and this reduction was generally maintained for 5 years. Technique efficacy (defined as a reduction ≥50% after 1 year from the treatment) was achieved in 74% of patients (85% in the RFA and 63% in the LA group). Regrowth occurred in 28% of patients (20% in the RFA and 38% in the LA group). In the majority of cases, further treatment was not required as only 18% of patients were retreated (12% in the RFA and 24% in the LA group). These data were confirmed by propensity score matching. Cumulative incidence studies showed that RFA was associated with a lower risk of regrowth and a lower risk of requiring retreatment over time. Overall, technique inefficacy and regrowth were associated with low-energy delivery. Retreatments were more frequent in young patients, in large nodules, in patients with lower volume reduction at 1 year, and in cases of low-energy delivery (optimal cutoff was 918 J/mL for RFA). Conclusions: Both thermal ablation techniques result in a clinically significant and long-lasting volume reduction of benign thyroid nodules. The risk of regrowth and needing retreatment was lower after RFA. The need for retreatment was associated with young age, large baseline volume, and treatment with low-energy delivery.
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- 2020
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5. Laser Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Non-Functioning Thyroid Nodules: Six-Month Results of a Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Trial (LARA Trial).
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Cesareo R, Pacella CM, Pasqualini V, Campagna G, Iozzino M, Gallo A, Lauria Pantano A, Cianni R, Pedone C, Pozzilli P, Taffon C, Crescenzi A, Manfrini S, and Palermo A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Thyroid Gland diagnostic imaging, Thyroid Nodule diagnostic imaging, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Laser Therapy, Radiofrequency Ablation, Thyroid Gland surgery, Thyroid Nodule surgery
- Abstract
Background: No direct prospective studies comparing laser ablation (LA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for debulking benign non-functioning thyroid nodules (BNTNs) exist. We aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of both techniques in patients with solid or predominantly solid BNTN. Methods: This six-month, single-use, randomized, open-label, parallel trial compared the following primary endpoints between the RFA and LA groups six months after treatment: (i) nodule volume reduction expressed as a percentage of nodule volume at baseline; (ii) proportion of nodules with more than 50% reduction (successful rate). We enrolled subjects with a solitary BNTN or dominant nodule characterized by pressure symptoms/cosmetic problems or patients without symptoms who experienced a volume increase >20% in one year. Nodules underwent core needle biopsy for diagnosis. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive LA or RFA. Safety was assessed in all randomly assigned participants. Results: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either RFA or LA (1:1) between January 2016 and November 2018. Both groups were similar in basal nodule volume, thyroid function, histology, symptoms/cosmetic score, and procedure time. At six months, the nodule volume reduction was 64.3% (95% confidence interval, CI 57.5-71.2) in the RFA group and 53.2% ([CI 47.2-95.2]; p = 0.02) in the LA group. This effect was also confirmed in the linear regression model adjusted for age, baseline volume, and proportion of cellular component (LA vs. RFA percent change Delta = -12.8, p = 0.02). No significant difference was observed in success rate six months after treatment (RFA vs. LA: 86.7% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.13) or in thyrotropin level between the groups. Although improved, no significant difference was observed between RFA and LA for compressive symptoms (RFA: 2.13 vs. 3.9, p < 0 · 001; LA: 2.4 vs. 3.87, p < 0.001) and cosmetic score (RFA: 1.65 vs. 2.2, p < 0.001; LA: 1.85 vs. 2.2, p < 0.001). The adverse event rates (local pain, dysphonia, thyrotoxicosis, fever, hematoma) were 37% ( n = 11) and 43% ( n = 13) for RFA and LA, respectively, with no requirement for hospitalization. Conclusion: Although the success rate was similar in the RFA and LA groups, RFA achieved a significantly larger nodule volume reduction at six months.
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- 2020
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6. Radiofrequency Ablation on Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules: A Critical Appraisal and Review of the Literature.
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Cesareo R, Palermo A, Pasqualini V, Manfrini S, Trimboli P, Stacul F, Fabris B, and Bernardi S
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- Animals, Humans, Thyroid Nodule pathology, Radiofrequency Ablation methods, Thyroid Nodule surgery
- Abstract
Background: Thyroid nodules are an extremely common occurrence, as their prevalence in the general population is estimated to range between 50 and 70%. Some of these nodules are autonomously functioning such that they can cause hyperthyroidism over time. In this case, surgery and radioiodine represent the standard of care. Nevertheless, patients might have contraindications or be unwilling to undergo these treatments. Minimally-invasive ultrasound-guided techniques, such as laser and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have been recently introduced into clinical practice as an alternative treatment for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules. Due to their efficacy and tolerability, these techniques have become increasingly available and their usage has been extended also to autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). Methods: In this narrative review, we will describe the studies reporting the therapeutic effects of RFA on AFTN, the studies reporting how RFA compares to the other treatment modalities, as well as the current indications for the use of RFA in patients with AFTN. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature search was independently conducted by three investigators on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception up to February 2020 to identify published articles concerning the effects of RFA on AFTN. Results and Conclusions: Current consensus statements and guidelines support the notion that RFA should be regarded as a first-line therapy for non-functioning benign thyroid nodules, while it remains a valid second-line option for AFTN treatment in case of contraindications or patient unwillingness to undergo surgery or radioiodine., (Copyright © 2020 Cesareo, Palermo, Pasqualini, Manfrini, Trimboli, Stacul, Fabris and Bernardi.)
- Published
- 2020
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7. Efficacy of thermal ablation in benign non-functioning solid thyroid nodule: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Trimboli P, Castellana M, Sconfienza LM, Virili C, Pescatori LC, Cesareo R, Giorgino F, Negro R, Giovanella L, and Mauri G
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- Humans, Treatment Outcome, Catheter Ablation, Radiofrequency Ablation, Thyroid Nodule surgery
- Abstract
Background: Image-guided thermal ablations are commonly used in the treatment of thyroid nodules. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation are the most commonly used. Here we aimed to obtain solid evidence of the long-term efficacy of RFA and laser ablation in benign non-functioning solid thyroid nodules (BNFSTN)., Methods: PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until March 2019. Studies reporting the effectiveness of RFA or laser ablation in patients with BNFSTN in terms of volume reduction rate (VRR), compressive symptoms and cosmetic concerns were included. Complications were also assessed., Results: Out of 963 papers, 12 studies on RFA and 12 on laser ablation were included, assessing 1186 and 2009 BNFSTNs, respectively. Overall, VRR at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months was 60%, 66%, 62%, and 53%. VRR of RFA was 68%, 75%, and 87%, respectively. VRR of laser ablation was 48%, 52%, 45%, and 44%, respectively. Baseline volume of nodules undergone RFA was significantly smaller compared to laser ablation (20.1 ± 22.4 versus 24.6 ± 23.6 ml; p < 0.01). Nodules smaller than 30 ml obtained better outcomes than larger ones. A significant reduction in compressive symptoms and cosmetic concerns was found after RFA., Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that both RFA and laser ablation are able to obtain a significant volume reduction in BNFSTNs. A significant volume reduction is already evident at 6 months after thermal ablation and results are stable over the time.
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- 2020
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8. Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in autonomous functioning thyroid nodules. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Cesareo R, Palermo A, Benvenuto D, Cella E, Pasqualini V, Bernardi S, Stacul F, Angeletti S, Mauri G, Ciccozzi M, and Trimboli P
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- Female, Humans, Male, Thyroid Gland pathology, Thyroid Gland surgery, Radiofrequency Ablation methods, Thyroid Nodule therapy
- Abstract
Whether thermal ablation is effective to treat toxic thyroid nodules (TTN) is still unknown. Aim of this review was to achieve more robust evidence on the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating TTN in terms of TSH normalization, thyroid scintiscan, and volume reduction rate (VRR). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/Medline and Scopus was performed in November 2018 to retrieve published studies. Original papers reporting TTN treated by RFA and later followed-up were eligible. Excluded were: articles not within this field, articles with unclear data, overlapping series, case/series reports. Discordances were solved in a final collegial meeting. Information was collected concerning population features, treatment procedure, follow-up, cases with TSH normalization, cases with scintiscan normalization, VRR of nodules. Pooled prevalence of patients with TSH or scintiscan normalization, and pooled VRR over time were calculated. For statistical analysis, the random-effects model was used. Eight articles published between 2008 and 2018 were included. The overall number of AFTN treated by RFA was 205. Five studies used a single session of treatment. The time of follow-up ranged from six to 24 months. The pooled rate of patients with TSH normalization was 57%. The pooled rate of patients with scintigraphically proven optimal response was 60%. The pooled VRR at 1 year was 79%. Baseline nodules volume was associated with the rate of TSH normalization. In conclusion, a moderate efficacy of RFA in treating TTN was found, and this can represent a solid starting point in this field.
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- 2019
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9. Nodule size as predictive factor of efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in treating autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.
- Author
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Cesareo R, Naciu AM, Iozzino M, Pasqualini V, Simeoni C, Casini A, Campagna G, Manfrini S, Tabacco G, and Palermo A
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Radiofrequency Ablation methods, Thyroid Nodule rehabilitation
- Abstract
Context: No defined pre-treatment factors are able to predict the response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN)., Objective: Primary endpoint was to evaluate the success rate of RFA to restore euthyroidism in a cohort of adult patients with small solitary AFTN compared with medium-sized nodules. Secondary endpoints included nodule volume reduction and rate of conversion from hot nodules to cold using scintiscan., Methods: This was a 24-month prospective monocentric open parallel-group trial. Twenty-nine patients with AFTN were divided into two groups based on thyroid volume: 15 patients with small nodules (<12 mL) in group A and 14 patients with medium nodules (>12 mL) in group B. All patients underwent a single session of RFA and were clinically, biochemically, and morphologically evaluated at baseline and at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment., Results: After RFA, there was greater nodule volume reduction in group A compared with group B (p < 0.001 for each follow-up point). In group A, there was a greater increase in TSH levels than in group B at 6 (p = 0.01), 12 (p = 0.005), and 24 months (p < 0.001). At 24 months, the rate of responders was greater in group A than in group B (86 vs. 45%; p < 0.001). In group A, 86% of nodules converted from hot to cold compared with 18% in group B (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: A single session of RFA was effective in restoring euthyroidism in patients with small AFTNs. Nodule volume seems to be a significant predictive factor of the efficacy of RFA in treating AFTN.
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- 2018
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10. Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation: Original Case Report
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Cesareo R
- Subjects
Thyroid nodules ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Percutaneous ,Large thyroid ,business.industry ,Radiofrequency ablation ,Thyroid ,Nodule (medicine) ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,law ,medicine ,Volume reduction ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Single session - Abstract
Background: Radiofrequency ablation has been reported to be effective and safe in reducing benign thyroid volume nodules. Most studies carried out so far were performed on a limited number of large nodules and often a subset of them required more than one single treatment. Case report: We describe the case of 82-year-old woman with a very large volume thyroid nodule treated with a single session of thyroid radiofrequency ablation. After six months, the patient showed significant improvement of compression symptoms and significant volume reduction of 68% (from 152 mL to 48 mL). Methods: To our knowledge, this is the first case report so far that proves the effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency ablation in such a large thyroid nodule. Conclusions: Radiofrequency ablation is very effective technique for the percutaneous treatment of thyroid nodules. Further data are needed to define the effectiveness and the feasibility in treating large thyroid nodules.
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- 2015
11. Current Status and Challenges of US-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Nodules in the Long Term: A Systematic Review
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Stella Bernardi, Rosario Francesco Grasso, Andrea Palermo, Fulvio Stacul, Roberto Cesareo, Bruno Fabris, Bernardi, S., Palermo, A., Grasso, R. F., Fabris, B., Stacul, F., and Cesareo, R.
- Subjects
RFA ,Thyroid nodules ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiofrequency ablation ,Regrowth ,MEDLINE ,DTC recurrence ,regrowth ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Thyroid cancer ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,benign thyroid nodules ,US-guided minimally invasive techniques ,PTMC ,law ,thyroid cancer ,follow-up ,Long term ,Medicine ,Initial treatment ,In patient ,Benign thyroid nodule ,RC254-282 ,business.industry ,Follow-up ,Thyroid ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Nodule (medicine) ,DTC recurrences ,medicine.disease ,surgical procedures, operative ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Benign thyroid nodules ,long term ,Systematic Review ,radiofrequency ablation ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,therapeutics - Abstract
Simple Summary Ultrasound (US)-guided minimally-invasive techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have emerged as an alternative treatment to surgery for benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Based on a systematic literature search, here we report the long-term outcomes of thyroid RFA. Available data show that US-guided RFA significantly reduced benign thyroid nodules and destroyed most PTMC, and this was generally maintained for at least 5 years after the initial treatment. Further studies addressing the risk of regrowth in patients with benign thyroid nodules, as well as the risk of recurrence in patients with PTMC are needed. Abstract Background: US-guided minimally-invasive techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have emerged as an alternative treatment for benign and malignant thyroid nodules. This systematic review aims to provide an overview on the long-term outcomes of US-guided RFA in patients with benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify articles reporting the outcomes of thyroid RFA after a follow-up of at least 3 years. Results: A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In patients with benign thyroid nodules, RFA significantly reduced nodule volume and this was generally maintained for the following 5 years. However, a small but not negligible proportion of nodules regrew and some of them required further treatments over time. In patients with malignant nodules, RFA has been used not only to treat differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) neck recurrences, but also to treat papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). In most patients with PTMC, RFA led to complete disappearance of the tumor. When it was compared to surgery, RFA was not inferior in terms of oncologic efficacy but it had a lower complication rate. However, RFA did not allow for final pathology, disease staging and accurate risk stratification. Conclusions: US-guided RFA significantly reduces benign thyroid nodules and destroys most PTMC, and this is generally maintained for at least 5 years after the initial treatment. Further studies addressing the risk of regrowths in patients with benign thyroid nodules, as well as the risk of recurrence in patients with PTMC are needed.
- Published
- 2021
12. Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in autonomous functioning thyroid nodules. A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
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Giovanni Mauri, Andrea Palermo, Stella Bernardi, Roberto Cesareo, Domenico Benvenuto, Pierpaolo Trimboli, Eleonora Cella, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fulvio Stacul, Valerio Pasqualini, Silvia Angeletti, Cesareo, R., Palermo, A., Benevenuto, D., Cella, E., Pasqualini, V., Bernardi, S., Stacul, F., Angeletti, S., Mauri, G., Ciccozzi, M., and Trimboli, Pierpaolo
- Subjects
Thyroid nodules ,Normalization (statistics) ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiofrequency ablation ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Thyroid Gland ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Autonomous functioning thyroid nodules ,0302 clinical medicine ,Autonomous functioning thyroid nodule ,Endocrinology ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Thyroid Nodule ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Radiofrequency Ablation ,business.industry ,Thyroid ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Meta-analysis ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Single session - Abstract
Whether thermal ablation is effective to treat toxic thyroid nodules (TTN) is still unknown. Aim of this review was to achieve more robust evidence on the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating TTN in terms of TSH normalization, thyroid scintiscan, and volume reduction rate (VRR). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/Medline and Scopus was performed in November 2018 to retrieve published studies. Original papers reporting TTN treated by RFA and later followed-up were eligible. Excluded were: articles not within this field, articles with unclear data, overlapping series, case/series reports. Discordances were solved in a final collegial meeting. Information was collected concerning population features, treatment procedure, follow-up, cases with TSH normalization, cases with scintiscan normalization, VRR of nodules. Pooled prevalence of patients with TSH or scintiscan normalization, and pooled VRR over time were calculated. For statistical analysis, the random-effects model was used. Eight articles published between 2008 and 2018 were included. The overall number of AFTN treated by RFA was 205. Five studies used a single session of treatment. The time of follow-up ranged from six to 24 months. The pooled rate of patients with TSH normalization was 57%. The pooled rate of patients with scintigraphically proven optimal response was 60%. The pooled VRR at 1 year was 79%. Baseline nodules volume was associated with the rate of TSH normalization. In conclusion, a moderate efficacy of RFA in treating TTN was found, and this can represent a solid starting point in this field.
- Published
- 2019
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