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Abstract Background Pay for performance (P4P) schemes provide financial incentives or facilities to health workers based on the achievement of predetermined performance goals. Various P4P programs have been implemented around the world. There is a question of which model is suitable for p4p implementation to achieve better results. The purpose of this study is to compare pay for performance models in different countries. Methods This is a descriptive-comparative study comparing the P4P model in selected countries in 2022. Data for each country are collected from reliable databases and are tabulated to compare their payment models. the standard framework of the P4P model is used for data analysis. Results we used the standard P4P model framework to compare pay for performance programs in the primary care sector of selected countries because this framework can demonstrate all the necessary features of payment programs, including performance domains and measures, basis for reward or penalty, nature of the reward or penalty, and data reporting. The results of this study show that although the principles of P4P are almost similar in the selected countries, the biggest difference is in the definition of performance domains and measures. Conclusions Designing an effective P4P program is very complex, and its success depends on a variety of factors, from the socioeconomic and cultural context and the healthcare goals of governments to the personal characteristics of the healthcare provider. considering these factors and the general framework of the features of P4P programs are critical to the success of the p4p design and implementation.

Abstract Background The spread of COVID‐19 as an infectious disease brings about many newly arrived challenges, which call for further research on the scope of its effect on life due to the special conditions of this disease. The present study is, therefore, an attempt to understand the lived experience of inpatients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Method In this phenomenological study, among patients with COVID‐19 who were hospitalized in COVID‐19 referral hospitals, 17 people were selected by random sampling method. Data were gathered by interviews and analysed using MAXQDA10 software. Findings Analysis revealed 4 main themes and 16 subthemes. Main themes included the (1) denial of the disease, (2) negative emotions upon arrival, (3) perception of social and psychological supports and (4) post‐discharge concerns and problems. Conclusion Patients with COVID‐19 experience a different world of stresses, concerns and feelings in the course of their disease. Gaining a deeper insight into patients’ experiences with this disease can help handle this disease more effectively and provide better post‐corona nursing and psychological care and services.

INTRODUCTION: In the COVID-19 crisis, nurses are directly involved in patient care, so they face many challenges. This study was performed to determine the challenges faced by nurses while caring for COVID-19 patients in Iran in 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative, content analysis was conducted in Iran on ten nurses directly involved in the fight against the corona epidemic, selected through a purposeful sampling strategy. Data were collected through deep interviews consisting of open questions. All the interviews were recorded, and immediately after each interview, it was transcribed into written form. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: All the challenges could be classified into three main categories and 17 subcategories. The main categories were miss-management in controlling corona conditions, mental and physical complications and challenges in corona work conditions, and lack of sufficient workforce. CONCLUSION: Hospital managers and authorities play a significant role in meeting the financial needs and requirements of nurses, and can minimize the job discrimination prevalent at medical centers through providing financial and nonfinancial incentives for nurses. Moreover, the findings of the present study can help hospital managers and authorities to gain a better understanding of the experiences of nurses, and to take the necessary measures to obviate the challenges faced by nurses in public health emergencies.

Background: Process of discharging patients affects patient’s satisfaction .This is one of the serious challenges that hospital managers face. This study is aimed to determine the average waiting time of patient discharge process and identify influential factors of this process in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad in the year of 2014. Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey in which waiting time of patients who had discharged from clinical wards of the Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad had been studied. 455 of patients had been selected as samples. The amount of time spent during discharge in six different departments such as inside each ward, from each ward to the medical records unit, inside the medical records unit, from medical records unit to accounting department , during cost calculation and also from cost accounting to cost payment unit) had been determined by using stop-watch method. The data had been analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics in significant level of 0.05 using SPSS16. Results: Results showed that waiting time was 504.26± 362.96 Minutes. Patients spent most and least proportion of their waiting time in ENT and Burns wards during discharge. Conclusion: As noticeable number of minutes spent inside wards and cost payment unit by patients, calls for corrective interventions such as changing visit time and predicting schedules for sending medical record to accounting department could reduce waiting time.