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Summary: Background: Female homicides are a public health-relevant issue, and its spatial distribution may evidence socioeconomic vulnerabilities. This study aims to analyze the temporal and spatial trends of female homicides in Brazil and investigate socioeconomic-demographic factors associated with it. Methods: This is an ecological, descriptive, and analytical epidemiological study investigating the age-standardized female homicide rate in all Brazilian municipalities between 2000 and 2018, divided into three periods. Spatial and temporal analyses were conducted using the Global Moran's Index and LISA to identify clusters of high and low rates. Rates were also calculated by population size and means of violence across macro-regions. For the last period, a multivariable linear regression model analyzed the association of female homicide rates with social, economic, and geographic factors. Findings: Female homicide rates in Brazil remained high during the studied period, with differences in trends between regions. Among the potentially associated factors, it was observed that male homicide rate, the high percentage of violent deaths among black women and those with low levels of education, in addition to the low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, were positively associated with female homicide, whereas larger cities were negatively associated. Interpretation: These findings show that Brazil is a country with a high risk of female homicide. Nevertheless, the vulnerability of women is unequally distributed in the country. Female homicides are mostly caused by domestic conflicts but can also be influenced by changes in the urban and social contexts. Funding: This project is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

RESUMO O estudo descreveu as características dos indivíduos que utilizam os serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e avaliou a associação entre a avaliação elevada dos atributos da APS, sob a ótica dos usuários, com o estado de saúde e o uso dos serviços de saúde no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que analisou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019, com amostra de 9.562 adultos que responderam ao Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool). Foi testada a associação entre avaliação elevada da APS (escore geral ≥ 6,6) e estado de saúde e uso dos serviços. Verificou-se que os usuários adultos que mais utilizam a APS pública têm entre 40 e 59 anos, são mulheres, de baixa escolaridade e pardos. Os que melhor avaliaram a APS foram indivíduos que utilizaram o mesmo serviço, procuraram serviços nas últimas duas semanas e se internaram. Maior uso dos serviços aponta para melhor avaliação da APS.

RESUMO A pandemia de covid-19 reduziu o acesso aos alimentos e aumentou a insegurança alimentar. Objetivouse analisar a prevalência de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional (IAN) em adolescentes brasileiros durante a pandemia de covid-19 segundo características sociodemográficas e examinar a associação entre IAN e comportamentos de risco e proteção em adolescentes brasileiros durante esse período. Estudo transversal com dados da ‘ConVid Adolescentes – Pesquisa de Comportamentos’, realizada entre junho e outubro de 2020, utilizando-se um questionário autoaplicado por meio de celular ou computador. A população foi adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos, totalizando 9.470. Utilizou-se a Razão de Prevalência (RP) e Intervalo de Confiança de 95% (IC95%), por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de IAN (26,1%) foi mais elevada entre os adolescentes da raça/cor preta e parda e que estudam em escola pública. Os adolescentes que relataram IAN tiveram menor consumo de hortaliças e frutas, menor prática de atividade física e maior uso de cigarros e álcool. A IAN foi mais prevalente em adolescentes com piores condições socioeconômicas, e, adolescentes com IAN apresentaram maior frequência de comportamentos de risco para a saúde evidenciando a importância de políticas públicas intersetoriais para a redução de desigualdades.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e a incidência de atividade física insuficiente em adolescentes brasileiros e identificar os subgrupos mais afetados durante a pandemia. Métodos: Este estudo utilizou dados da ConVid Adolescentes - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, que avaliou, por meio de um questionário online autopreenchido, o comportamento de 9.470 adolescentes brasileiros no período de restrição social, em virtude da pandemia da COVID-19 em 2020. Os participantes foram convidados por meio de um procedimento de amostragem em cadeia denominado “bola de neve” virtual. Foram relatadas informações sobre a frequência de atividade física antes e durante a pandemia. As variáveis de exposição utilizadas foram sexo, faixa etária, raça/cor da pele, região do Brasil, tipo de escola, escolaridade materna, dificuldades financeiras durante a pandemia e restrições sociais. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Os adolescentes praticaram menos atividade física durante a pandemia, visto que a prevalência de atividade física insuficiente aumentou de 71,3% no período anterior para 84,3% durante a pandemia. A incidência de atividade física insuficiente durante a pandemia foi de 69,6%. Os subgrupos de adolescentes mais afetados foram os que se autodeclararam da raça/cor da pele preta, que relataram dificuldades financeiras durante a pandemia, residentes nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do país e que realizaram restrição social intensa e total. Conclusão: Altas incidências de atividade física insuficiente foram observadas entre adolescentes brasileiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Recomenda-se que novos estudos explorem períodos posteriores aos analisados para identificar a dinâmica comportamental dos adolescentes a partir do retorno das atividades presenciais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare reference intervals (RI) of blood counts of Brazilian adults with and without sickle cell trait (SCT). Methods: Cross-sectional study, based on the National Health Survey, 2014-2015, composed of 8,952 individuals. The sample of patients with SCT was composed of 234 adults. The RIs of adults with and without SCT were compared in the study “Reference values for laboratory tests of blood count in the Brazilian adult population: National Health Survey”, by Rosenfeld et al. (2019). The parametric method and the Student's t test were used for comparison (p≤0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences between RIs of adults with and without SCT as far as sex is concerned for hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, white blood cells, absolute lymphocytes, mean platelet volume and RDW; At all ages, for white blood cells and RDW in men and for MCV, MCH, MCHC, mean platelet volume and RDW in women; Between 18 to 59 years, for MCH, MCV, MCHC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets in men and in women for lymphocytes, red blood cells, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and platelets; From 60 years old on, for hemoglobin and hematocrit in men and in women for hematocrit, white blood cells, neutrophils and platelets; In white, black and brown people for white blood cells, neutrophils and platelets (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the factors associated with this behavior during the period of social distancing among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from the ConVid Adolescents survey, carried out via the Internet between June and September 2020. The prevalence of alcohol consumption before and during the pandemic, as well as association with sociodemographic variables, mental health, and lifestyle were estimated. A logistic regression model was used to assess associated factors. Results: 9,470 adolescents were evaluated. Alcohol consumption decreased from 17.70% (95%CI 16.64–18.85) before the pandemic to 12.80% (95%CI 11.85–13.76) during the pandemic. Alcohol consumption was associated with the age group of 16 and 17 years (OR=2.9; 95%CI 1.08–1.53), place of residence in the South (OR=1.82; 95%CI 1.46–2.27) and Southeast regions (OR=1.33; 95%CI 1.05–1.69), having three or more close friends (OR=1.78; 95%CI 1.25–2.53), reporting worsening sleep problems during the pandemic (OR=1.59; 95%CI 1.20–2.11), feeling sad sometimes (OR=1,83; 95%CI 1,40–2,38) and always (OR=2.27; 95%CI 1.70–3.05), feeling always irritated (OR=1,60; 95%CI 1,14–2,25), being a smoker (OR=13,74; 95%CI 8.63–21.87) and a passive smoker (OR=1.76; 95%CI 1.42–2.19). Strict adherence to social distancing was associated with lower alcohol consumption (OR=0.40; 95%CI 0.32–0.49). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in consumption of alcoholic beverages by Brazilian adolescents, which was influenced by sociodemographic and mental health factors, adherence to social restriction measures and lifestyle in this period. Managers, educators, family and the society must be involved in the articulation of Public Policies to prevent alcohol consumption.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic profile of adolescents working in Brazil and the association of child labor with risk and protection factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from sample 2 of the 2015 National School Health Survey (PeNSE). The variables gender, age, ethnicity/skin color, administrative dependence on school and maternal education, eating habits, physical activity and drug use were analyzed by prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and calculation of crude and adjusted Odds Ratio. Results: A total of 10,926 students participated in the survey, of which 16.9% (95%CI 15.1–18.9) were currently working/employed. Child labor was higher among male adolescents (ORa: 1.82; 95%CI 1.55–2.15); aged between 16 and 17 years (ORa: 2.96; 95%CI 2.37–3.69); enrolled in public schools (ORa: 1.69; 95%CI 1.14–2.52); whose mothers had incomplete high school (ORa: 1.54; 95%CI 1.11–2.13); living in the South region of the country (ORa: 2.17; 95%CI 1.60–2.94). Adolescents who worked were more likely to smoke (ORa: 1.94; 95%CI 1.52–2.48); use alcohol (ORa: 2.01; 95%CI 1.71–2.36) and drugs (ORa: 1.76; 95%CI 1.35–2.31); perform physical activity (ORa: 1.24; 95%CI 1.07–1.44); consume sweets (ORa: 1.30; 95%CI 1.13–1.49), fried snacks (ORa: 1.41; 95%CI 1.15–1.74), and soft drinks (ORa: 1.23; 95%CI 1.06–1.44); however, they were less likely to present sedentary behavior (ORa: 0.68; 95%CI 0.59–0.79). Conclusion: Child labor in Brazil is related to sociodemographic differences. Those who worked were more likely to show risk behaviors for NCDs, but they were more physically active.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the reference intervals (RIs) of complete blood count parameters in the Brazilian adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data from the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde – PNS), between 2014–2015. The final sample consisted of 2,803 adults. To establish the RIs, exclusion criteria were applied, outliers were removed and partitions were made by gender, age, and race/skin color. The non-parametric method was adopted. Differences were assessed using the Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests (p≤0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences for the following hematological parameters based on gender, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, eosinophils and absolute monocytes, neutrophils and platelets (p≤0.05). When analyzed by age, the RIs were statistically different in females for hematocrit, MCV, white blood cells and RDW and in males for red blood cells, white blood cells, eosinophils, mean platelet volume, MCV, RDW, and MCH (p≤0.05). For race/color, there were differences in the RIs for parameters of hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, white blood cells and mean platelet volume, neutrophils and absolute eosinophils (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The differences found in the RIs of some in blood count parameters in Brazilian adults reaffirm the importance of having their own laboratory reference standards. The results can support a more accurate interpretation of tests, adequate identification and disease prevention in Brazil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze premature mortality due to noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District (DF) after redistribution of garbage causes and the temporal evolution according to social deprivation strata in the 2010 to 2012 and 2017 to 2019 triennia. Methods: Corrections were applied to the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade – SIM) data such as the redistribution of garbage codes (GC). Premature mortality rates due to NCDs were calculated and standardized by age. The differences among NCDs mortality rates were analyzed according to the Brazilian Deprivation Index (Índice Brasileiro de Privação – IBP) categories and between the three-year periods. Results: In the capitals as a whole, rates increased between 8 and 12% after GC redistribution and the greatest increases occurred in areas of high deprivation: 11.9 and 11.4%, triennia 1 and 2, respectively. There was variability between the capitals. There was a reduction in rates in all strata of deprivation between the three-year periods, with the greatest decrease in the stratum of low deprivation (-18.2%) and the lowest in the stratum of high deprivation (-7.5%). Conclusion: The redistribution of GC represented an increase in mortality rates, being higher in the strata of greater social deprivation. As a rule, a positive gradient of mortality was observed with increasing social deprivation. The analysis of the temporal evolution showed a decrease in mortality from NCDs between the triennia, especially in areas of lower social deprivation.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the demand and use of health services by Brazilian adolescents, according to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 National School Health Survey, that assessed 124,898 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. The crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (RPaj) by sex, age, and school administrative status and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for the variables “search for a service or health professional”, “search for a Basic Health Unit” and “assistance at the Basic Health Unit”, using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The demand for a health service was reported by 56.56% (95%CI 55.82–57.29) of the adolescents and was lower among male students (RPaj: 0.95; 95%CI 0.94–0.95); those with black skin color (RPaj: 0.95; 95%CI 0.94–0.97), brown skin color (RPaj: 0.97; 95%CI 0.96–0.98), yellow skin color and indigenous ethnicity (RPaj: 0.95; 95%CI 0.94–0.97); public school students (RPaj: 0.90; 95%CI 0.89–0.90); and rural residents (RPaj: 0.96; 95%CI 0.94–0.98). A Basic Health Unit was the service sought by 74.08% (95%CI 73.21–74.94) of adolescents, more frequently among students of brown skin color (RPaj: 1.06; 95%CI 1.03–1.08), from public schools (RPaj: 1.32; 95%CI 1.29–1.35) and residing in rural areas (RPaj: 1.05; 95%CI 1,01–1,09). The main reason for seeking the Basic Health Unit was vaccination (27,93%; 95%CI 27,07–28,81). Conclusion: More than half of the adolescents searched for a health service, which means that this group has a high demand. However, health inequalities still persist and point to the importance of health care planning, reception conditions, and the quality of care provided.

Introduction: The social distancing imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic influenced lifestyle and modified dietary patterns. Our objective was to evaluate the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), and ultra-processed foods (UPF), before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify the sociodemographic factors associated. Methods: This study used data from the “Convid Adolescents”, a survey on health behaviors that were collected through an online questionnaire self-completed by 9.470 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age during the pandemic in Brazil in 2020. Individuals were invited to participate through a chain-sampling procedure called “virtual snowballing”. Information about FV, and UPF consumption before and during the pandemic period were reported. The independent variables used were sex, age group, race/color of skin, kind of school, education level of the mother, region of Brazil, financial difficulties during the pandemic, food insecurity, and social restrictions. Logistic regression models were used. Results: There was a reduction in the low consumption of FV (83.5% to 80.3%) and there was no significant difference in the high consumption of UPF (38.9% to 38.1%) before and during the pandemic. The incidence of low consumption of FV and high consumption of UPF during the pandemic was 20% and 13.8%, respectively. Girls, private school adolescents, who reported having food insecurity and financial difficulties during the pandemic were the most affected subgroups. Conclusions: Despite little change in the prevalence of FV and UPF consumption before and during the pandemic, the incidence of high consumption of UPF and low FV consumption was high, and it identified in specific population subgroups.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a adesão ao distanciamento social, as repercussões no estado de ânimo e as mudanças nos estilos de vida da população adulta brasileira durante o início da pandemia da Covid-19. Estudo transversal com indivíduos adultos residentes no Brasil (n = 45.161) que participaram do inquérito de saúde virtual ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, no período de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020. Da amostra estudada, apenas 1,5% levou vida normal, sem nenhuma restrição social, e 75% ficaram em casa, sendo que, destes, 15% ficaram rigorosamente em casa. Os sentimentos frequentes de tristeza ou depressão (35,5%), isolamento (41,2%) e ansiedade (41,3%) foram reportados por grande parte da população estudada. Verificou-se que 17% dos participantes reportaram aumento do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e que 34% dos fumantes aumentaram o número de cigarros. Observou-se aumento no consumo de alimentos não saudáveis e redução da prática de atividade física no período estudado. Conclui-se que houve elevada adesão ao distanciamento social e aumento dos sentimentos de tristeza, depressão e ansiedade, bem como aumento de consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, uso de bebidas alcóolicas e cigarros e redução da prática de atividade física.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA), segundo características sociodemográficas, no Brasil, e analisar os indicadores relacionados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde e orientações para controle do agravo no país. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo utilizando a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2019. Estimou-se a prevalência de HA com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), além das proporções dos indicadores da HA. Resultados: Foram 88.531 os entrevistados, dos quais 23,9% autorreferiram HA, mais prevalente entre o sexo feminino (26,4%) e idosos (55,0%). Entre aqueles que autorrelataram HA, 57,8% referiram atenção médica nos últimos seis meses; a maioria recebeu orientações sobre autocuidado; 66,1% foram atendidos em serviço público de saúde; e 45,8%, em unidade básica de saúde (UBS). Conclusão: A prevalência de HA na população brasileira foi alta, com a maioria das pessoas que autorreferiram o agravo sendo atendidas em serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), onde receberam orientações sobre promoção da saúde

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar indicadores de cuidado assistencial em adultos com diagnóstico médico de diabetes mellitus (DM) no Brasil em 2013 e 2019, e analisar esses indicadores, em 2019, segundo características sociodemográficas. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e 2019. Foram avaliados os indicadores de cuidado em pessoas com diagnóstico médico de DM. Resultados: A prevalência de DM aumentou de 6,2% (2013) para 7,7% (2019). Entre 2013 e 2019, ocorreu aumento no uso de medicamentos (de 80,2% para 88,8%) e de assistência médica (de 73,2% para 79,1%), houve redução no uso de medicamentos da Farmácia Popular (de 57,4% para 51,5%) e no acompanhamento com mesmo médico (de 65,2% para 59,4%). Em 2019, pessoas do sexo masculino, mais jovens, de raça/cor da pele preta e parda, menores escolaridade e renda apresentaram pior desempenho nos indicadores. Conclusão: A maioria dos indicadores permaneceu semelhante durante os últimos cinco anos, com diferenças segundo características sociodemográficas em 2019.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de indicadores do tabagismo entre escolares brasileiros segundo características sociodemográficas em 2019 e comparar as prevalências entre 2015 e 2019. Métodos: Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015 e 2019. Foram analisados os indicadores referentes ao uso do tabaco, que foram comparados entre as edições de 2015 e 2019. Foram calculadas as prevalências e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) para a população total e segundo sexo, faixa etária e tipo de escola. Resultados: Dos escolares, 22,6% (IC95% 21,7-23,4) já experimentaram cigarro alguma vez, porcentagem mais elevada entre os de 16 a 17 anos de idade (32,6%; IC95% 31,4-33,8) e no sexo masculino (35,0%; IC95% 33,6-36,4). A experimentação de narguilé, cigarro eletrônico e outros produtos do tabaco também se mostra elevada, com 26,9% (IC95% 26,0-27,8), 16,8% (IC95% 16,2-17,4) e 9,3% (IC95% 8,8-9,8), respectivamente, sendo mais alta entre os escolares do sexo masculino de 16 a 17 anos. Destaca-se que não houve mudanças nos indicadores “experimentação do cigarro”, “fumar pela primeira vez antes dos 13 anos”, “fumar nos 30 dias anteriores à pesquisa” e “ter ao menos um dos pais fumantes” entre os anos indicados. Conclusão: Embora os indicadores de tabaco fumado estejam estáveis entre 2015 e 2019, destacam-se as elevadas prevalências de experimentação de produtos como narguilé e cigarro eletrônico, que chamam a atenção para a necessidade de novas medidas regulatórias.

This study compared indicators of care and access to health services by adults who self-reported hypertension in 2013 and 2019, analyzing those indicators according to gender, age group, schooling level, and race/color. This is an analytic study with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), conducted in 2013 and 2019 in Brazil. The indicators to care and access to health services by individuals with arterial hypertension in both surveys were compared. For 2019, those indicators were analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics. This study estimated the proportions, prevalence ratio (PR), and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In total, 60,202 individuals were evaluated in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019, of these 24.4% reported arterial hypertension in 2013 and 23.9% in 2019. Women received more medical care for hypertension within the last year (PR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.04; 1.11), had the last physician appointment at an basic health unit (PR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.05; 1.17) than men. About race/color, black people had more hospitalization for hypertension or some complication (PR = 1.2; 95%CI: 1.05; 1.38) and intense or very intense degree of limitation in performing daily activities (PR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.06; 1.76). In 2019, inequalities were evidenced and worse indicators were observed for males, black, with low education and young age. Therefore, investments in the Brazilian Unified National Health System, as well as public policies and strategic actions are essential to reduce inequalities, promote health care.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Comparar as mudanças de estilos de vida durante a pandemia COVID-19, segundo a presença ou não de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em adultos brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da pesquisa ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, realizada entre abril e maio de 2020. Avaliaram-se as variáveis estilo de vida e presença de uma ou mais DCNT (diabetes, hipertensão, doença respiratória, doença do coração e câncer). As características sociodemográficas foram usadas como ajuste. Calcularam-se as frequências relativas e os intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% das variáveis antes da e durante a pandemia. Para a comparação de grupos, sem ou com DCNT, estimaram-se as prevalências e razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada (RPa) utilizando a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Houve redução da prática de atividade física (60% nos sem DCNT e 58% nos com DCNT) e do consumo de hortaliças (10,8% nos sem DCNT e 12,7% nos com DCNT). Verificou-se aumento no tempo de uso de televisão e computador/tablet (302 e 43,5% nos sem DCNT e 196,5 e 30,6% nos com DCNT, respectivamente); consumo de congelados (43,6% nos sem DCNT e 53,7% com DCNT), salgadinhos (42,3% sem DCNT e 31,2% com DCNT) e chocolate (14,8% sem DCNT). Durante a pandemia, portadores de DCNT apresentaram menor prática de atividade física suficiente (RPa = 0,77; IC95% 0,65 - 0,92), maior hábito de assistir à televisão (RPa = 1,16; IC95% 1,08 - 1,26) e menor consumo de hortaliças (RPa = 0,88; IC95% 0,81 - 0,96). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que adultos com DCNT tiveram seus estilos de vida mais alterados durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

A ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos foi realizada no Brasil de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020, com o objetivo de investigar as mudanças nos estilos de vida e nas condições de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Neste artigo, apresentamos a concepção e metodologia da pesquisa. Estudo de corte transversal com a utilização de um questionário pela Internet, com questões validadas em inquéritos de saúde anteriores. O método de amostragem foi o “bola de neve virtual” e foram usados os procedimentos de pós-estratificação. Os resultados relativos às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e estilos de vida pré-pandemia foram comparados às estimativas da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e da Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico de 2019. A amostra total foi de 45.161 pessoas. Após a ponderação dos dados, as distribuições amostrais das variáveis demográficas foram semelhantes às populacionais. Apenas as pessoas de baixo nível de instrução foram sub-representadas. A comparação com os resultados anteriores mostrou similaridade na maioria das estimativas: consumo recomendado de frutas e legumes (22,1%), atividade física recomendada (35,2%), fumo de cigarros (12,3%), consumo frequente e abusivo de álcool (6,7%), obesidade (21,2%), prevalências autorreferidas de hipertensão (18,6%), diabetes (7,1%) e doença do coração (4,4%). O inquérito online possibilitou conhecer as condições de saúde da população durante a pandemia. A similaridade dos indicadores com os obtidos em pesquisas tradicionais permitiu validar as estimativas médias. Estudos são necessários para investigar como os efeitos endógenos das redes sociais virtuais podem ser levados em consideração na estimação da variância.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a Brazilian urban area and its association with the characteristics of the physical and social environments. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases from the years 2008–2010, in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The outcome was the practice of LTPA and the independent variables were residential and population density, the density of places for physical activity, homicide rates, average family income, and health vulnerability index. The spatial scanning technique was employed to identify clusters with a high prevalence of PA at leisure time. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare variables inside and outside the cluster. Results: The sample included 5,779 participants, 33.3% (SE = 0.73) of whom reported sufficient PA during leisure time. We identified a significant cluster of a high prevalence of LTPA. After adjustments, the cluster presented a radius of 3,041.99 meters and 603 individuals, and 293 (48.6%) of them reported sufficient LTPA. The probability of performing sufficient LTPA in the cluster was 27% higher (PR = 1.27; p = 0.002) than in the coverage areas of primary healthcare units outside the cluster. There was a higher density of places for LTPA practice, higher population and residential density, and higher family income in the cluster. Conclusion: The results evidenced a cluster of high prevalence of LTPA in a privileged physical and socioeconomic environment in Belo Horizonte, even after adjustments, demonstrating that reducing inequalities can increase LTPA.

Abstract: This is a cross-sectional study investigating the factors affecting brazilians’ self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on data from the web-based behavior survey. Carried out from April 24 to May 24, 2020, the survey recruited participants by a chain sampling procedure. Its outcome was the worsening of self-rated health during the pandemic. Statistical analysis was based on a hierarchical model of determination. Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing health conditions, lifestyle indicators and intensity of social restraint measures, and biological and psychological issues during the pandemic. From the total sample of 45,161 participants, 29.4% reported worsening of health state during this period. After adjusting for hierarchical distal factors, the health problems mostly associated with worsening health state were: bad self-rated health (adjusted OR = 4.35, p < 0.001), health care seeking for mental health problem (adjusted OR = 3.95, p < 0.001), and for COVID-19 (adjusted OR = 3.60, p < 0.001). People who experienced sleep problems, worsening of back pain, depression and at least one flu symptom during the pandemic were twice as likely to report worsening of health status. Sedentary and eating behaviors and adherence to social distancing measures showed significant correlation with the outcome. There exists a relation between social, biological, and psychological factors, mediated by lifestyles and variables pertaining to confinement. Altogether, these factors have negatively affected self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Resumo: O presente estudo tem o objetivo de caracterizar a população idosa brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19, considerando suas condições de saúde, socioeconômicas, desigualdade de sexo, adesão ao distanciamento social e sentimento de tristeza ou depressão. Estudo transversal realizado com idosos brasileiros que participaram de um inquérito de saúde (N = 9.173), com método de amostragem “bola de neve virtual”. Os dados foram coletados via web, por meio de questionário autopreenchido. Foram estimadas prevalências, intervalos de confiança e, para verificar a independência das estimativas, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Durante a pandemia, houve diminuição da renda em quase metade dos domicílios dos idosos. O distanciamento social total foi adotado por 30,9% (IC95%: 27,8; 34,1) e 12,2% (IC95%: 10,1; 14,7) não aderiram. Idosos que não trabalhavam antes da pandemia aderiram em maior número às medidas de distanciamento social total. Grande parte apresentou comorbidades associadas ao maior risco de desenvolvimento da forma grave de COVID-19. Sentimentos de solidão, ansiedade e tristeza foram frequentes entre os idosos, especialmente entre as mulheres. A pandemia da COVID-19 aprofundou a desigualdade ao afetar os idosos mais vulneráveis. Estratégias para mitigar a solidão e o distanciamento social devem ser feitas levando-se em conta a vulnerabilidade social e a acentuada diferença entre homens e mulheres quanto à composição domiciliar e às condições socioeconômicas e de trabalho. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de pesquisas representativas da população idosa brasileira e que investiguem o impacto da pandemia neste grupo.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever as mudanças nas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde dos brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de pesquisa de comportamentos realizada pela internet de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020 com 45.161 participantes recrutados por amostragem em cadeia. Foi feita uma análise descritiva de temas abordados na pesquisa: adesão às medidas de restrição social, diagnóstico do novo coronavírus, situação de trabalho e rendimentos, dificuldades nas atividades de rotina, presença de comorbidades, estado de ânimo e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Foram estimados as prevalências e os intervalos de 95% de confiança. Resultados: Aproximadamente 75% dos brasileiros aderiram à restrição social. Quanto aos sintomas de gripe, 28,1% relatou ter apresentado algum sintoma, mas apenas 5,9% realizou teste para COVID-19. Em relação à situação socioeconômica, 55,1% relatou diminuição do rendimento familiar, e 7% ficou sem rendimento; 25,8% dos indivíduos ficaram sem trabalhar, sendo o grupo de trabalhadores informais o mais afetado (50,6%). Quanto às condições de saúde, 29,4% avaliou que a sua saúde piorou; 45% teve problemas no sono, 40% apresentou, frequentemente, sentimento de tristeza e 52,5% de ansiedade/nervosismo; 21,7% procurou serviço de saúde e, entre estes, 13,9% não conseguiu atendimento. Conclusão: Os achados mostram a importância do controle da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, para mitigar os efeitos adversos na situação socioeconômica e nas condições de saúde relacionados às medidas de restrição social.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a adesão da população às medidas de restrição de contato físico e disseminação da COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Inquérito de saúde, realizado pela internet, com amostragem em cadeia, no período de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020. A intensidade da adesão à restrição de contato físico foi analisada segundo características sociodemográficas, utilizando-se modelos de regressão logística para investigar associações com ‘Nenhuma/pouca adesão’. Resultados: Dos 45.161 participantes, 74,2% (73,8-74,6%) relataram intensa adesão às medidas. O grupo que não aderiu às medidas foi composto homens (31,7%), com idade de 30 a 49 anos (36,4%), baixa escolaridade (33,0%), trabalhando durante a pandemia (81,3%), residentes nas regiões Norte (28,1%) e Centro-Oeste (28,5%) do país. Houve importante redução das taxas de crescimento diário, de 45,4 para 5,0%. Conclusão: Grande parte da população brasileira aderiu às medidas de restrição de contato físico, o que, possivelmente, contribuiu para reduzir a disseminação da COVID-19.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever as mudanças nos estilos de vida, quanto ao consumo de tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas, alimentação e atividade física, no período de restrição social consequente à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com dados do inquérito ConVid sobre comportamentos em saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário on-line autopreenchido pelos participantes. Procedimentos de pós-estratificação foram empregados para o cálculo das prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Participaram 45.161 indivíduos com 18 ou mais anos de idade. Durante o período de restrição social, foi relatada diminuição da prática de atividade física e aumento do tempo em frente a telas, da ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados, do número de cigarros fumados e do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas. Foram observadas diferenças segundo sexo e faixa etária. Conclusão Os resultados apontam uma piora dos estilos de vida e aumento de comportamentos de risco à saúde.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de tristeza, nervosismo e alterações do sono durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, identificando os segmentos demográficos mais afetados. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com questionário aplicado via web a adultos e idosos, coletando informações sobre condições de vida, saúde e comportamento. Foram estimadas prevalências e razões de prevalências ajustadas por idade e sexo. Resultados: De 45.161 brasileiros respondentes, verificou-se que, durante a pandemia, 40,4% (IC95% 39,0;41,8) se sentiram frequentemente tristes ou deprimidos, e 52,6% (IC95% 51,2;54,1) frequentemente ansiosos ou nervosos; 43,5% (IC95% 41,8;45,3) relataram início de problemas de sono, e 48,0% (IC95% 45,6;50,5) problema de sono preexistente agravado. Tristeza, nervosismo frequentes e alterações do sono estiveram mais presentes entre adultos jovens, mulheres e pessoas com antecedente de depressão. Conclusão: As elevadas prevalências encontradas indicam a necessidade de garantir a provisão de serviços de atenção à saúde mental e à qualidade do sono, adaptados ao contexto pandêmico.

RESUMO: A prevenção primordial é definida como a prevenção inicial de fatores de risco, por meio da adoção de comportamentos mais saudáveis. Dentro desse conceito, a American Heart Association (AHA) definiu sete métricas, baseadas em evidências, para se alcançar uma saúde cardiovascular (SCV) ideal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de SCV na população brasileira, segundo sexo, faixa etária e região de moradia, utilizando os dados da última Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), de 2013. Foram avaliados, como preconizado pela AHA, de forma conjunta (número de fatores) e isolada, quatro fatores comportamentais (tabagismo, atividade física, índice de massa corporal e dieta) e três biológicos (pressão arterial, glicemia e níveis de colesterol). A população brasileira atingiu prevalências menores de 1%, de sete fatores em nível ideal. Isoladamente, 3,2% da população apresentaram a dieta em nível ideal, seguido da atividade física (23,6%) e índice de massa corporal (43,7%). A população entre 18 e 35 anos apresentou a maior prevalência de número de métricas conjuntas em nível ideal (0,5%), valor também atingido pela população geral da Região Norte. Os resultados indicam que devem ser realizados ainda maiores esforços por meio de políticas públicas de prevenção primordial para atingir metas adequadas de SCV na população brasileira.

Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou indicadores de saúde cardiovascular em 863 indivíduos adultos residentes em comunidades rurais do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliados sete fatores, quatro comportamentais (dieta, atividade física, tabagismo e peso corporal) e três biológicos (colesterol total, glicemia em jejum e pressão arterial), classificados em níveis ideal, intermediário e ruim. Considerando os fatores comportamentais os homens tiveram melhor desempenho (p = 0,01), sendo observado um maior número de homens com 2 e 3 fatores em níveis ideais (48,5 e 25,8%, respectivamente), em detrimento das mulheres (44,2 e 19,8%, respectivamente) (p = 0,01). Por outro lado, as mulheres apresentaram maior número de fatores biológicos em níveis ideais (19,1%) quando comparadas com os homens (7,9%) (p < 0,001). Somente três (0,4%) participantes apresentaram os sete fatores na categoria ideal. A prevalência dos indicadores em nível ideal foi muito baixa, demonstrando a urgência de estratégias visando melhorar a saúde cardiovascular desta população.

Medidas de distanciamento social adotadas em diversos países para mitigar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 podem acarretar efeitos indesejáveis sobre a saúde e o comportamento das populações. Este estudo objetivou investigar o comportamento de fumar na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e analisar os fatores associados ao aumento do consumo de cigarro. Foi realizado um inquérito virtual e a amostra final correspondeu a 45.160 indivíduos. Foram utilizados pesos de pós-estratificação e calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas por sexo, idade e escolaridade, e os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foram aplicados para a análise de associação entre o aumento do consumo de cigarros e as variáveis sociodemográficas e as relativas à adesão ao distanciamento social, qualidade do sono, estado de ânimo, alteração no trabalho e nos rendimentos. A prevalência de fumantes foi de 12% (IC95%: 11,1-12,9), dos quais 34% relataram aumento no consumo de cigarros. Esse aumento foi maior entre as mulheres (RP = 1,27; IC95%: 1,01-1,59) e entre indivíduos com o Ensino Médio incompleto (RP = 1,35; IC95%: 1,02-1,79). O aumento do consumo de cigarros esteve associado à piora da qualidade do sono, sentir-se isolado dos familiares, triste ou deprimido, ansioso, ficar sem rendimentos e pior avaliação do estado de saúde. Estratégias de promoção da saúde, de prevenção do uso e de incentivo à cessação do consumo de cigarros, bem como intervenções em saúde mental, devem ser continuadas e reforçadas no contexto de distanciamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze changes in the lifestyles of Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with adolescents who participated in the survey “ConVid Adolescentes – Pesquisa de Comportamentos”. The indicators related to lifestyles before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated: consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods, physical activity and sedentary behavior, smoking and consumption of alcohol. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the total population and according to sex and age group. Results: A total of 9,470 adolescents participated in the study. During the period of social distancing, there was an increase in the prevalence of vegetables consumption (from 27.34 to 30.5%), frozen foods (from 13.26 to 17.3%), chocolates and sweets (from 48.58 to 52.51%), and time in front of screens (from 44.57 to 70.15%). On the other hand, there was a decrease in the practice of physical activity (from 28.70 to 15.74%) and in the consumption of alcohol (from 17.72 to 12.77%). Differences were observed according to sex and age group. Conclusion: The results show changes in the lifestyle of adolescents and an increase in health risk behaviors.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the contextual factors associated with type II diabetes mellitus in Belo Horizonte City. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 5,779 adults living in Belo Horizonte City, participating in the Risk and Protection Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Diseases through Telephone Survey (Vigitel), in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Multilevel regression models were used to test the association between contextual indicators of physical and social environments, and self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, adjusted for individual sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Descriptive analyzes and multilevel logistic regression models were used, considering a 5% significance level. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 6.2% (95%CI 5.54 – 6.92), and 3.1% of the variability of chance of presenting diabetes were explained by contextual characteristics. Living in areas with high density of private places for physical activity and high income was associated with a lower chance of having diabetes. The areas with high level of social vulnerability were strongly associated with the chance of presenting diabetes, adjusted for individual characteristics. Conclusion: Characteristics of physical and social environments were associated with the chance of diabetes occurrence. Urban centers with opportunities to adopt healthy behaviors can help to reduce the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes for small areas in Belo Horizonte, according to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). Methods: Ecological study with data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) conducted in Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2013. The self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension were evaluated. The estimates of prevalence and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using the direct and indirect method by HVI grouped into four categories: low, medium, high and very high health risk. Results: During the period evaluated, 26% (95%CI 25.2 – 26.8) and 6.1% (95%CI 6.7 – 6.5) of the adult population from Belo Horizonte reported being hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. According to the indirect method to obtain estimates of hypertension and diabetes prevalences per HVI, it was found that areas of very high risk had a higher prevalence of adults with hypertension (38.6%; 95%CI 34.8 – 42.4) and diabetes (16.2%; 95%CI 13.1 – 19.3) when compared to the low risk (28.2%; 95%CI 27.0 – 29.4 and 6%; 95%CI 5.4 – 6.7, respectively). Conclusion: The adult population living in areas at high risk for health had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with a lower risk.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the prevalence of fruit and vegetable consumption, practice of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and binge drinking for small areas of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Methods: Ecological study conducted with data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protection Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases by Telephone Survey (Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico – Vigitel). The prevalence of risk and protection factors from 2006 to 2013 were estimated and the 95% confidence intervals calculated. “Small areas” corresponded to the municipality division into four strata of health risk classification given by the Health Vulnerability Index 2012 (Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde – IVS). Results: The mean prevalences for the period were: about 42% of regular intake of fruit and vegetable, 34.7% of leisure time activity and 20.4% of binge drinking. The prevalence of fruit and vegetable consumption was higher in low-risk areas (58.5%; 95%CI 56.8 – 60.2) and lower in very high-risk areas (32.3%; 95%CI 27.7 – 36.9). The practice of LTPA was higher in low-risk areas (40.8%; 95%CI 38.9 – 42.8) and lower in very high risk (25.2%; 95%CI 20.6 – 29.9). Binge drinking was higher in low-risk areas (22.9%; 95%CI 21.7 – 24.2) compared to very high-risk areas (14.3%; 95%CI 11.4 – 17.3). Conclusion: It was identified a gradient in the distribution of risk and protection factors for noncommunicable diseases in Belo Horizonte according to the risk classification. This information can support programs aimed at reducing health inequalities, especially in the most vulnerable areas.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of health services and limitations in performing usual activities by adults and elderly people with and without noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), according to sociodemographic strata. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which data from the 2019 National Health Survey were analyzed. The final sample corresponded to 88,531 households with interviews carried out, referring to individuals aged 18 years and above. The prevalence of use of services by the population with NCDs was compared with that of the population without NCDs and stratified by socioeconomic and demographic variables. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results: In 2019, 47.6% (95%CI 47.0–48.3) of the population reported having one or more NCDs. Population with NCDs had more medical consultations in the last 12 months (adjusted PR [APR]=1.21; 95%CI 1.20–1.23), used more health services in the last 2 weeks (APR=2.01; 95%CI 1.91–2.11), were referred to more hospitalization (APR=2.11; 95%CI 1.89–2.36), and had more limitations in performing usual activities (APR=2.52; 95%CI 2.30–2.76), compared with the population without NCDs. A positive dose–response gradient was observed between the number of comorbidities and the use of services. In all socioeconomic and demographic strata, the prevalence of indicators was higher in people with NCDs. Conclusion: The presence of NCDs was associated with a higher frequency of use of health services (i.e., consultation, use of services, and hospitalization) and the restriction of usual activities in all socioeconomic and demographic strata.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity in 2013 and 2019 according to sociodemographic characteristics in Brazilian adults. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health Surveys conducted in 2013 and 2019. Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (150+ minutes per week in physical activities) was calculated according to gender, age, education, race/skin color, Federative Units, and regions of Brazil in 2013 and 2019. Poisson regression models and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to compare leisure-time physical activity across different groups in 2013 and 2019. Results: The proportion of Brazilian adults active in leisure-time increased from 22.7% (95%CI 22.06–23.34) in 2013 to 30.1% (95%CI 29.44–30.67) in 2019. The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity increased between 2013 and 2019 in 23 of the 27 Federative Units in Brazil. Both in 2013 and in 2019, the proportion of active people during leisure time was higher in men, young people, with a high level of education and individuals with white skin color. Overall, the magnitude of the observed differences in leisure-time physical activity between sociodemographic groups slightly decreased from 2013 to 2019. Conclusions: Despite the increase in the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian adults in the last six years, marked sociodemographic inequalities persist. The success of future public policies to promote physical activity in leisure must be evaluated from the perspective of social determinants of health and the reduction of inequalities in the practice of physical activity.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare indicators of tobacco use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media in 2013 and 2019, and to describe these indicators according to sociodemographic variables in 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey. The indicators of use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to tobacco-related media were evaluated. Prevalence and confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for the total population in 2013 and 2019 and according to sociodemographic variables for 2019. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess differences in prevalence. Results: There was an improvement in most of the indicators studied: an increase in ex-smokers, a reduction in secondhand smoke and attempts to quit smoking. All pro- and anti-tobacco media exposure indicators declined. When considering the prevalence according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019, 43.8% (95%CI 41.6–46.0) of men tried to quit smoking, and 50.8% (95%CI 48.5–53.2) of women. Secondhand smoke at home was higher among women (10.2%; 95%CI 9.7–10.8). Among those who thought about quitting smoking because of warnings, the proportion was higher among women (48.0%; 95%CI 45.3–50.6). Tobacco use was higher among men (43.8%; 95%CI 41.6–46.0), in the population aged 40 to 59 years (14.9%; 95%CI 14.2–15.6), with a lower level of education (17.6%; 95%CI 16.8–18.4). Conclusion: The study showed improvement in tobacco-related indicators between the years studied. It is noteworthy that this advance was smaller in relation to the other periods previously analyzed, and therefore, greater investments in public policies to combat and control smoking in Brazil are necessary.

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence and investigate the sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors associated with the self-reported diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in the adult Brazilian population. Methods: Data from the National Health Survey (PNS 2019) were analyzed. The presence of CVD was self-reported through the question: “Has any doctor ever given you a diagnosis of heart disease?”. Sociodemographic factors, health conditions, and lifestyle were evaluated. For data analysis, Poisson Regression with robust variance was used. Results: 5.3% (95%CI 5.04–5.57) of Brazilian adults reported CVD, of which, 29.08% (95%CI 27.04–31.21) underwent coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty and 8.26% (95%CI 7.09–9.6) reported severe limitation in usual activities due to CVD. The factors associated with CVD were advanced age; being male; white race/color; complete middle school and incomplete high school education; have health insurance; self-assessing health as regular or bad/very bad; self-reported hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes; being a former smoker; consuming fruits and vegetables as recommended; not consuming alcohol in excess; and not practicing leisure-time physical activity. Conclusions: CVD is associated with sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors. It is important to support public policies, programs, and goals for the reduction of cardiovascular diseases in Brazil, especially in the most vulnerable groups.

ABSTRACT Objective Compare the demand and use of health services between 2013 and 2019, and analyze the associated sociodemographic and health variables in 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2013 and 2019. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the demand and use of health services were estimated. In 2019, the differences in the indicators were analyzed according to sociodemographic variables and the crude and adjusted by sex and age prevalence ratios (RP) were estimated. Results: There was an increase of 22% in the demand for health care in the last two weeks, going from 15.3% (95%CI 15.0–15.7) in 2013 to 18.6% (95%CI 18.3–19.0) in 2019. There was a reduction in use in the last two weeks, from 97% (95%CI 96.6–97.4) in 2013 to 86.1% (95%CI 85.4–86.8) in 2019, which was observed for most Federation Units. In 2019, the demand for care was greater among women, the elderly, those with high schooling, individuals with health insurance and poor self-rated health. They obtained greater access to health services in the fifteen days prior to the survey: men, children or adolescents up to 17 years of age, people with health insurance and poor health self-assessment. Conclusion: The demand for health services has grown and reduced access in the last 15 days between 2013 and 2019. These differences may have been exacerbated by the austerity measures implemented in the country.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence against adult women in Brazil. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional epidemiological study using the database of the National Survey of Health 2019. The prevalence in the last 12 months and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios of intimate partner violence were calculated, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Intimate partner violence was reported by 7.60% of Brazilian women aged from 18 to 59 years, with higher prevalence among younger women (8.96%), black women (9.05%), those with lower education level (8.55%) and low income (8.68%). After adjusted analysis, the age groups of 18–24 years old (PRadj: 1.41) and 25–39 years old (PRadj: 1.42) and income lower than one minimum wage (PRadj: 1.55) remained associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Intimate partner violence was associated with younger and poorest women. This result points to the need to develop intersectoral policies, especially those aimed at reducing social inequalities and at the coping with intimate partner violence among adult women.