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Problem: The lately emerged SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has put the whole world in an aberrant demanding situation, has generated an urgent need for developing effective responses through artificial intelligence (AI). Aim: This paper aims to overview the recent applications of machine learning techniques contributing to prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: A progressive investigation of the recent publications up to November 2020, related to AI approaches towards managing the challenges of COVID-19 infection was made. Results: For patient diagnosis and screening, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are broadly applied for classification purposes. Moreover, Deep Neural Network (DNN) and homology modeling are the most used SARS-CoV-2 drug repurposing models. Conclusion: While the fields of diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection by medical image processing and its dissemination pattern through machine learning have been sufficiently studied, some areas such as treatment outcome in patients and drug development need to be further investigated using AI approaches.