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Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of Paracetamol with Ibuprofen as an antipyretic, fever relief and linked discomfort in children. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad Pakistan from Apr to Nov 2019. Methodology: Children aged six months to five years, who reported fever between 38-41°C were included. Two temperature groups were developed, i.e., 37.8–38.9ºC and 39–41ºC with baseline temperatures of 38.60±0.56 for Paracetamol-Group and 38.58± 0.56ºC for Ibuprofen-Group. The prescriptions were given over to the parents with clarification about the dose of the medication. The medication had active and placebo forms. Information was gathered until saturation was done. Results: A total of 104 children were taken in the study. Of these, 77(74.08%) were females, and 27(24.96) were males. Comparing Ibuprofen-treated children with Paracetamol-Group, the final result showed that the extent of children's temperature management was greater in the Ibuprofen-Group 37(71%) than in the Paracetamol-Group 34(65%). Conclusion: Doctors, attendants and guardians wishing to use medications to treat children suffering from fever should be encouraged to use Ibuprofen first and to consider the relative risks and advantages of using Ibuprofen in addition to Paracetamol for fever. Comparatively, Ibuprofen is more effective than Paracetamol.

Objective:To determine association of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in newborns of serum C-reactive protein positive mothers. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, Pakistan from September 2016 to March 2018. Material and Methods: 105 neonates (both gender) of all mothers who were C - reactive protein positive were enrolled in this study using inclusion and exclusion criteria.Neonatal sepsis was diagnosed by clinical examination, which was carried out by senior pediatrician, blood complete picture and c reactive protein. Neonates were treated as per departmental protocol. Stratification was done in regard to gestational age, birth weight and age of neonates in hours. Post stratification chi square test was applied and p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results:Out of total 105 patients, 46 (44%) were male and 59 (56%)were female neonates. Amongst the babies of 105 CRP positive mothers, 79 babies were having signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis and 26 babies were having no signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis with statistically significant relation between maternal CRP and neonatal sepsis of p value

Objective: To find out the association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures in children. Study Design: Analytical: case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Paediatrics department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from May 2013 till Oct 2013. Material and Methods: Two Hundred patients were selected through non probability consecutive sampling, one hundred in each group i.e. patients with febrile seizures and patients without febrile seizures. The blood sample of cases and controls were taken at the time of admission and was sent for assessment of hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin level, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The samples were analyzed for iron deficiency anemia and compared in both groups (patients with febrile seizures and those without febrile seizures). Results: In the febrile seizures group 58 (58%) were anemic with a hemoglobin level less than 10gm/dL and 59 (59%) had a low plasma ferritin of less than 10ng/dL. In the control group 39 (39%) were anemic with a hemoglobin level less than 10gm/dL and 26 (26%) had a plasma ferritin of less than 10ng/dL. The frequency of anemia with low MCV, MCHC and serum ferritin was more in the febrile seizure group 38% as compared to 20% in controls (p-value = 0.002). Conclusion: The children with febrile seizures have lower hemoglobin, MCV, MCHC and serum ferritin level as compared to the control groups suggesting that iron deficiency anemia has a positive role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures.