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Background and purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks fourth and second among all types of cancer in terms of incidence and mortality rates, respectively. Although colorectal cancer screening has been effective in improving the prevention and treatment of this disease, many obstacles, including colorectal cancer metastasis, have severely hampered the prognosis of this disease. Long non-coding RNAs are a type of RNAi molecule that is classified into several functional groups and participates in some important cellular pathways. LncRNA-RNA interactions control mRNA translation and degradation or act as microRNA (miRNA) silencing sponges. LncRNA-protein interaction regulates protein activity in transcriptional activation and silencing. LncRNA guide, decoy, and scaffold transcriptional regulators regulate the enhancer or repressor region of coding genes to alter expression. Non-coding RNAs have attracted increasing attention from researchers due to their key role in regulating gene expression and potential effects on cell signaling pathways. These RNAs, as biomarkers, play an important role in the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer. This study investigated the change in the expression level of non-coding RNA LINC01139 in colorectal cancer compared to healthy tissue. Materials and methods: and Methods: In this study, the expression change of the LncRNA LINC01139 gene from two databases, UALCAN and Gepia2, was investigated in colon adenocarcinoma tumor tissues compared to healthy tissue. Then, total RNA was extracted from 41 colorectal cancer tumor tissue samples and 41 healthy tissue samples adjacent to the tumor, and after qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted RNA, cDNA synthesis was performed using the kit. Then, by designing and synthesizing a specific primer, the expression level of LINC01139 non-coding RNA was measured in two tumor and healthy tissues using the Real-time RT-PCR technique. In the end, considering the Gapdh gene as a housekeeping gene, the resulting data were analyzed by Graph pad prism software. Results: Data analysis of this study based on bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of non-coding RNA LINC01139 is decreased in colorectal tumors. This is even though the expression of this gene increases significantly in tumor tissues (both metastatic and non-metastatic) compared to the adjacent normal tissue, regardless of gender(P0.05). Conclusion: Considering the known role of LINC01139 lncRNA in the HIF1α signaling pathway as a scaffold, the oncogenic function of LINC01139 lncRNA in liver cancer through the miR-30/MYBL2 axis and the strong Linc01139-PIP3 LncRNA interaction and the effect on the PIP3-AKT pathway. It seems that increased expression of cytoplasmic lncRNA LINC01139 and its function as an oncogene may be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis through signaling pathways.

Background and purpose: Premature birth is common worldwide and can affect the development of brain structures, such as the optic nerve. Eye diseases are very common in low birth weight children and premature children. Vision defects associated with premature birth include Retinopathy of premature babies (ROP), decreased visual acuity, strabismus, amblyopia, and various types of refractive errors. Studies have shown that the occurrence of myopia in children born prematurely is negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight and is directly related to the severity of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). Advances in neonatal intensive care unit services have led to a significant increase in the survival rate of premature infants and subsequent medical problems in these children. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in 4-6-year-old children born with a birth weight of less than 2000 grams and gestational age of less than 34 weeks and normal children admitted to the neonatal department of Bou-Ali Sina Hospital in Sari in 2016-2018. Materials and methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study on 43 children aged 4-6 years who were born with a weight of less than 2000 grams and gestational age of less than 34 weeks, and 17 normal children who were admitted in the neonatal department of Bou-Ali Sina Hospital due to neonatal jaundice. The study subjects were in four groups: 12 subjects in group A (ROP cases without injection), 14 subjects in group B (ROP cases with injection), 17 subjects in group C (cases with birth weight less than 2000 grams and gestational age less than 34 weeks without ROP), and 17 normal subjects in group D. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was measured using E-chart. Dry and cyclo refraction (using cyclopentolate 1%) were measured using an autorefractometer. Finally, the fundus was examined using a biomicroscope and 90 diopter lens. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 26. Results: of the 60 studied subjects, 46.67% were females and 53.33% were males, and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of the two sexes between the groups (P=0.146). In total, 12.1% of the studied subjects were myopie, 34.5% were emmetrope, and 53/4% were hypermetrope. Although the prevalence of hypermetropia was higher than other types of refractive errors in all groups, the prevalence of myopia was higher in those with ROP than in groups without ROP, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of refractive errors in different groups (P=0.025). There was no significant difference between the prevalence of the different types of astigmatism in the studied groups (P=0.304) and with the rule astigmatism was the most common type among all groups. There was a significant and direct relationship between gestational age and birth weight with cyclo-equivalent sphere, which means that the lesser gestational age (P=0.356, r=0.006) and birth weight (P=0.002, r=0.387), the higher the probability of myopia. Conclusion: Considering the higher prevalence of myopia in low birth weight children, especially in children with ROP, it is necessary to formulate a regular program to screen this category of children to prevent refractive errors, especially myopia in the future.

Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication during pregnancy that can have severe consequences for both the mother and the fetus. ESBL-producing strains of E. coli present a significant challenge in terms of treatment during pregnancy. This study aims to identify pregnant women carrying beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of these isolates.Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the presence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates in pregnant women attending medical centers affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Vaginal colonization, associated complications, and antibiotic resistance profiles were assessed. The antibiogram test using the disc diffusion method was employed to determine colonization and antibiotic susceptibility, while PCR testing was used to detect genes associated with beta-lactamase production.Results: Among the 175 samples collected, 51 samples tested positive for E. coli, with 15 of these samples containing ESBL-producing isolates. A significant correlation was observed between the frequency distribution of E. coli isolates and factors such as age, history of urinary tract infections, body mass index, and previous abortions in pregnant women. Among the 15 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, the blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M resistance genes were detected in 12 (80%), 9 (60%), and 1 (6.66%) isolates, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in pregnant women underscores the urgent need for public health interventions to combat antibiotic resistance.

Abstract Background Electronic prospective surveillance models (ePSMs) for cancer rehabilitation include routine monitoring of the development of treatment toxicities and impairments via electronic patient-reported outcomes. Implementing ePSMs to address the knowledge-to-practice gap between the high incidence of impairments and low uptake of rehabilitation services is a top priority in cancer care. Methods We conducted a scoping review to understand the state of the evidence concerning the implementation of ePSMs in oncology. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021. All articles were screened and extracted by two independent reviewers. Data regarding the implementation strategies, outcomes, and determinants were extracted. The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy and the implementation outcomes taxonomy guided the synthesis of the implementation strategies and outcomes, respectively. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the synthesis of determinants based on five domains (intervention characteristics, individual characteristics, inner setting, outer setting, and process). Results Of the 5122 records identified, 46 interventions met inclusion criteria. The common implementation strategies employed were “conduct educational meetings,” “distribute educational materials,” “change record systems,” and “intervene with patients to enhance uptake and adherence.” Feasibility and acceptability were the prominent outcomes used to assess implementation. The complexity, relative advantage, design quality, and packaging were major implementation determinants at the intervention level. Knowledge was key at the individual level. At the inner setting level, major determinants were the implementation climate and readiness for implementation. At the outer setting level, meeting the needs of patients was the primary determinant. Engaging various stakeholders was key at the process level. Conclusions This review provides a comprehensive summary of what is known concerning the implementation of ePSMs. The results can inform future implementation and evaluation of ePSMs, including planning for key determinants, selecting implementation strategies, and considering outcomes alongside local contextual factors to guide the implementation process.

Background: The economic burden of asthma is a major public health concern. This study estimates the economic burden of asthma in Northwest of Iran.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between 2017 and 2018 in Tabriz, Iran using the Persian version of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. Direct and indirect costs associated with asthma were estimated based on the societal perspective, prevalence-based approach, and bottom-up method. Annual indirect costs were estimated using the human capital (HC) method. The structural equation model was used to evaluate the relationship between costs, sex, and asthma severity. Results: A total of 621 patients with asthma were enrolled in the study. Significant differences were found between female and male patients for the mean cost of radiology (P=0.006), laboratory (P=0.028), and diagnostic (P=0.017) tests at baseline, and for laboratory (P=0.012), and diagnostic (P=0.027) tests at one-year follow-up. The more severe asthma, the more significant the costs for annual physician office visits (P=0.040) and medications (P=0.013). As asthma severity increased, significantly higher expenditures were observed in women for days lost from work at baseline (P=0.009) and one-year follow-up (P=0.001), and in men for productivity loss at work due to impairment at baseline (P=0.045). A significant association between indirect costs and the cost of impairment-related lost productivity at work (β=3.29, P

Background and Objective: People who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) are more prone to opportunistic fungal infections than other patients. The immune system of these patients becomes weaker when they are also infected with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Involvement of the central nervous system caused by fungal infections in these patients is of concern and fatal if diagnosed late. The aim of this research is to investigate a woman with COVID-19 and HIV who was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis. Case Report: The patient is a 53-year-old woman who complained of severe headache and nausea after infection with COVID-19. White blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lymphocyte, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen were increased compared to the standard level. Cerebrospinal fluid testing showed that glucose was lower and protein was higher than normal. Microscopic examination, staining and culture of cerebrospinal fluid deposits showed the presence of double wall yeasts similar to Cryptococcus. The patient was positive for COVID-19 and HIV. The level of CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) was lower than the standard. The patient was treated with amphotericin B at a dose of 100 mg for two weeks and was discharged from the hospital after the conditions were stabilized. Conclusion: Cryptococcal meningitis can often occur in immunosuppressive conditions such as HIV. Therefore, quick follow-up, diagnosis and treatment should be considered in these patients.

Background: Poor self-care in patients with heart failure (HF) is directly associated with the patient’s general health getting deteriorated and hospitalized. Objectives: One of the factors influencing compliance with self-care behaviors is mood status. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between affective status with self-care behaviors in patients with HF. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 372 HF outpatients referring to a specialized heart clinic have been included using convenient sampling method. Study tools had 4 parts including demographic and social factors, the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviors scale, and positive and negative affect scales. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression model. Results: The multivariate model adjusted for patient’s education, suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure duration showed that positive affects (β=0.113, standard error (SE) =.056, P=0.046) and negative affect (β=0.341, SE=.053, P

Background: Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis is common in tropical and subtropical regions. To prevent and treat these diseases, information on the distribution and frequency of these parasites in different geographical areas is needed. Due to the importance of diseases in the northern provinces of Iran, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis. Methods: From April 2011 to March 2020, stool samples from patients who were referred to Rouhani hospital in Mazandaran province, Babol, were gathered. For stool samples, microscopic detection was performed immediately using the wet expansion method, followed by a formal-ether concentration process. Based on the sample size calculation, the minimum number of patients with Strongyloides stercoralis infection was considered to be 380 patients from the years 2011-2020. Mean and standard deviation indices were used to describe quantitative data and numbers and percentages were used to describe qualitative data. Results: Out of the total number of 39,800 archived patient files that were reviewed, a total of 420 (1.05%) patients were confirmed for the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis in their feces. The age range of patients was 3 to 89 years. The population of male patients (249 patients) was higher than females (171 patients). In patients with positive Strongyloides stercoralis, disease symptoms were positive in 206 patients and negative in 214 patients. The most common underlying disease in patients was abdominal pain (220 patients). 271 patients received steroids. Conclusion: Strongyloides stercoralis infection was detected in the northern region of Iran. The prevalence of this parasite was higher in men, the elderly, and people with underlying comorbidities. These results can be used to identify and compare areas where the prevalence of infection is higher. Therefore, revealing the effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection on public health makes the need for in-depth clinical and diagnostic studies important. People with chronic diseases, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, should be screened for parasitic diseases.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and respiratory tract infection at the same time cause pathogenicity increase and death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the co-occurrence of upper respiratory tract disorders and gastrointestinal infections of H. pylori. Methods: The present study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis, from August 2019 to Agusut 2020, at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Articles in the international databases (April 2001-December 2018) on the coexistence of upper respiratory tract disorders with H. pylori gastrointestinal infections were examined. The random effect model with a 95% confidence level was used to analyze the data. Results: The highest prevalence of respiratory disorders co-occurrence associated with adenoid tissue (33%), nasal polyps (100%), chronic rhinosinusitis (71%) and gastrointestinal infections of H. pylori was reported in 2006 in Turkey, 2011 in Poland and 2015 in Egypt. Concurrent prevalence of the disease, according to the type of upper respiratory tract disorders in all studies, the estimated effect size according to the random model was 53% in chronic rhinosinusitis, 63% in nasal polyps, 62% in adenoid tissue and 60% in total, which was significant (P=0/000). The prevalence of co-occurrence of upper respiratory tract disorders with gastrointestinal infections of H. pylori in patients was estimated to be 61% at the age of more than 27 years and 60% at the age of fewer than 27 years. Pooled estimation of the concurrent prevalence of infection (in total) was estimated to be 60% and was significant among the studies (P=0/000). Conclusion: The concurrent prevalence of upper respiratory tract disorders with gastrointestinal infections of H. pylori was observed to be almost equal and significant in elderly and young patients. Due to the fact that the simultaneous occurrence of two types of infections and diseases in people is very dangerous, screening of patients with each of these infections is necessary to identify the other infection and prescribe appropriate drugs.

IntroductionEarly detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii as an opportunistic pathogen that may endanger predisposed persons, including COVID-19 patients, may help to choose the optimal management.MethodsIn this study, 585, including 530 COVID-19 patients, with clinical and radiological evidence of respiratory diseases, were investigated for P. jirovecii screening. Clinical specimens were examined by direct microscopy and PCR, and randomly selected positive PCR products were confirmed through DNA sequence analysis.ResultsThirty-one (5.3%) samples were positive in P. jirovecii-specific nested-PCR, while by direct microscopic tests, Pneumocystis was observed in 22 (3.76%) samples. Males (61.7%) and patients over 50 years old (75.6%) were more commonly affected than others, and malaise and fatigue (84%), and wheezing (75%) were the most common symptoms, followed by fever (40.48%) and dyspnea (39.51%). Among the Pneumocystis-positive patients, three cases had coinfection with Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger (each n = 1), as documented by direct microscopy, culture, and species identification by PCR-sequencing.ConclusionPneumocystis pneumonia is still a diagnostic challenge; therefore, additional large-scale studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology of the disease in immunocompromised or COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, with an increasing incidence and mortality rate. In the present study, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of spirulina platensis extract on PC-3 prostate adenocarcinoma cell line were investigated. Methods: In the present experimental study, the PC-3 prostatic cancer cells were treated in four experimental with 400, 200, 100 and 50 μg / ml extract of spirulina and incubated at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTS kit (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-Carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium, Inner Salt) and apoptosis was analyzed by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturer protocol in both times. Statistical analysis was accomplished by ANOVA and Duncan tests using FlowJo and SPSS 16 software. Results: In the experimental groups treated with extract of spirulina, the viability of the cells showed a decrease compared to control group, while this decrease was more noticeable in the experimental group of 100 μg / ml at both incubation times (

Introduction: With the COVID-19 pandemic, most continuing medical education activities became virtual (VCME). The authors conducted a scoping review to synthesize the advantages and disadvantages of VCME to establish the impact of this approach on inequities that physicians face along the intersections of gender, race, and location of practice. Methods: Guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley, the search included six databases and was limited to studies published between January 1991 to April 2021. Eligible studies included those related to accredited/non-accredited post-certification medical education, conferences, or meetings in a virtual setting focused on physicians. Numeric and inductive thematic analyses were performed. Results: 282 studies were included in the review. Salient advantages identified were convenience, favourable learning formats, collaboration opportunities, effectiveness at improving knowledge and clinical practices, and cost-effectiveness. Prominent disadvantages included technological barriers, poor design, cost, lack of sufficient technological skill, and time. Analysis of the studies showed that VCME was most common in the general/family practice specialty, in suburban settings, and held by countries in the Global North. A minority of studies reported on gender (35%) and race (4%). Discussion: Most studies report advantages of VCME, but disadvantages and barriers exist that are contextual to the location of practice and medical subspecialty. VCME events are largely organized by Global North countries with suboptimized accessibility for Global South attendees. A lack of reported data on gender and race reveals a limited understanding of how VCME affects vulnerable populations, prompting potential future considerations as it evolves.

Introduction: Older people with multiple chronic conditions have most to gain from successful integrated care models but there is a need to understand current evidence of outcomes for older people. Methods: A qualitative meta-aggregation method was used for the review. Systematic searching of CINAHL, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane identified an initial 93 papers, of which 27 were reviewed. Studies were selected according to the pre-defined protocol and quality assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools (JBIQARI). Eleven, peer-reviewed, English-language papers published between 2000 to 2020 were included. Results: Thirty-three findings were extracted and aggregated into six categories. Three synthesised statements were identified denoting outcomes of integrated care for older people. These indicate social participation and connectedness for older people and their families; the older person feeling motivated to engage in health goals when their preferences were taken into consideration; and older people experiencing support and wellbeing when a therapeutic relationship with a key worker is established. Discussion and conclusion: There was scant evidence of the older person’s voice within included studies and a limited focus on outcomes. Stronger evidence is needed to provide meaningful and robust evaluation of outcomes within integrated care models for the older person.

Background and Aim: Proliferate potential differentiate into different cell lineages and high self-renewal of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs); thus, they are ideal tools for regenerative medicine. However, a leading problem is an oxidative stress in the target tissue and the apoptosis of transplanted stem cells before tissue repair. The pretreatment of stem cells with antioxidants may make them resistant to oxidative stress. Ginger is the main medicinal plant with antioxidant properties. This study explored the antioxidant effects of ginger extract on bioavailability and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow examined. Methods & Materials: In this study, human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow were cultured in a DMEM medium with 20% FBS. The explored cells were incubated for 4 and 6 hours for pretreatment with different concentrations of ginger extract (50, 100, 200, & 400 mg/mL); then, they were treated with 200 μM H2O2 for 2 hours. Bioavailability was analyzed by ELISA reader using an MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit into the manufacturer’s protocol at both times. The obtained data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.SHK.REC.1397.028). Results: The MTS results indicated a dose- and time-dependent manner increase in the bioavailability of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal treated stem cells. Ginger extract treatment also dose- and time-dependently decreased the rate of apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Ginger extract, by reducing the oxidative stress in mesenchymal stem cells, elevates their lifespan in the target tissue, and increases the efficiency of these cells in tissue regeneration.

Background: The role of nutrition is undeniable in controlling hypertension; diet is among the most effective non-pharmaceutical methods. The current study aimed to determine the role of illness perception on diet adherence in patients with hypertension. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 268 patients with hypertension. The study sample was selected by convenience sampling method. The study tool consisted of the patients’ individual, social, and clinical factors, illness perception about hypertension, and adherence to the diet. The necessary data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. Results: The Mean±SD score of illness perception was measured as 37.09±4.91 out of 56. Adherence to the recommended diet was relatively desirable in the majority of the examined patients (62%). Multiple logistic regression analysis data revealed no significant relationship between the scores of illness perception and dietary adherence (Adjusted OR=1.038, 95%CI: 0.974-1.105, P =0.250). The main predictor of dietary adherence was having hypertension dietary knowledge (OR=2.198, 95%CI: 1.198-4.035, P=0.011). Conclusion: Our study data revealed that increasing awareness among patients with hypertension complications can improve self-care behaviors, including adherence to standard diets. Therefore, emphasis on increasing awareness among these patients and their continued follow-up seems necessary.

Background and Aim: One of the most common complications of brucellosis is its skeletal manifestations. This study was performed to identify the different types of skeletal manifestations in the patients with brucellosis. Materials and Methods: We reviewed records of the patients with skeletal complications of brucellosis who had been admitted to the infectious diseases ward of Razi Hospital in Qaemshahr from 2011 to 2017. Using SPSS 21 software, data were analyzed by t-test and chi-square (p≥0.001). Results: In 300 patients with brucellosis, the most frequent cause of referring to the hospital was fever (82.33%). The most, common skeletal complication was lumbar spondylosis. The mean value for hemoglobin was 11.50±1.57 gr/dl in women and 12.34± 1.54 gr/dl in men. Elevated alkaline phosphatase (97%) was the most common laboratory finding. This disease was more common in men than in women which showed a statistically significant difference (p≥0.001). The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 52.78±29.15 millimeters per hour in the women (p≥0.001). Conclusion: Fever and back pain were the most common causes of referring to the hospital. The most common articular bone complication was spondylosis, which was more common in the middle-aged patients. Therefore, brucellosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the patients with long-standing fever and also in those with low back pain and arthralgia.

Background and purpose: Neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) play roles in forming emotional memory through communication with the hippocampus. Therefore, in this study, the role of these neural circuits on synaptic plasticity was investigated by agonist injection of beta-adrenergic receptors into the BLA. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the electrophysiological recording from the hippocampus was investigated. Male Wistar rats (210-250 gr) were divided into two groups: control group that received saline (0.5 μl) and the treatment group that received clenbuterol (10 ng/0.5μl). Clenbuterol was also bilaterally injected into the BLA. Then, we studied the effect of clenbuterol on basal activity of the granular cells of the dentate gyrus (DG). Afterwards, a 200-Hz high-frequency stimulation protocol was applied to induce long-term potentiation (LTP). The amplitude of the population spike (PS) and the slope of the excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) were analyzed before and after the injection of clenbuterol. Results: Injection of clenbuterol (10 ng) did not increase PS of the LTP compared to the control group in the DG region. Also, no significant increase was seen in the slope of EPSP in treatment group compared to the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Clenbuterol administration into the basolateral amygdala (10 ng/0.5μl) did not affect basal electrical activity and synaptic reinforcement of the dentate granular cells in 90 minutes

Background: Even after surgery, as the most effective treatment for colorectal cancer, about 30-40% of cases are recurring. Since growth inhibition is an important strategy in cancer treatment, many attempts are in the program to find new agents, so in this study, the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus sakei on colon cancer cell line (HT-29) and some pathogenic microorganisms have been evaluated. Lactobacillus sakei is a probiotic that, when consumed affects the intestinal flora, causes beneficial effects on host health. Probiotics due to their anti-cancer effects, modulation of the differentiation process in tumor cells, changes in tumor gene expression and lack of immunological responses have attracted a lot of attention as a new and effective treatment for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods: In the present study, which was conducted experimentally from May to September 2018 in bacteriology and Cellular and Developmental Research Centers of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord branch, the antimicrobial activity of supernatant of Lactobacillus sakei was assessed by Well Diffusion Agar (WDA) method against some pathogenic bacteria. HT-29 Colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated in 5, 15, 10 and 20 mg/ml concentrations of sakei metabolites and incubated at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell growth was analyzed by celltiter 96® aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay kit to the manufacturerchr('39')s protocol in all three incubation times. Results: The results of this study indicate that sakei was able to produce antimicrobial metabolites against pathogenic bacteria. Besides, the results of the celltiter 96® aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay showed that the bioavailability of HT-29 cell lines decreased at all concentrations of sakei metabolites in a dose and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Since lactic acid probiotic bacteria can alter the metabolic activities of the intestinal microflora, attach to carcinogens and destroy them, prevent carcinogenesis such as ammonia and secondary bile acids, producing anti-cancer substances and creating an acidic state to inhibit the growth and proliferation of carcinogenic bacteria, It seems that there is a good research field for the use of bioactive compounds produced by Lactobacillus sakei in the control of bacterial pathogens and treatment of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29).

Shared decision-making is a key component of patient-centered care. In this clinical vignette, we illustrate the value of bringing patients into the clinical thought process as part of shared decision-making.

Background: Depression and anxiety are two common mood disorders in modern societies with global expansion, which reduce the quality of life. A number of recent studies have investigated the relationship between anxiety and depression in patients with asthma. Due to the lack of studies in this area, especially in Iran, we studied this issue in Iranian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 151 patients with asthma referred to lung subspecialty clinics in Isfahan and Shahrekord cities, Iran, in 2016. The participants were included using sequential sampling method. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire was used as an instrument for measuring anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed using t and Spearman correlation tests via SPSS software. Findings: 151 patients with asthma entered the study. By controlling demographic characteristics, and considering the underlying disease, the relationship of depression scores with the severity of asthma was not significant. Anxiety scores related to having the disease and gender. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the level of anxiety and depression was not related to the severity of asthma. Considering the high prevalence of asthma and the role of depression and anxiety in people's quality of life, more studies, using different tools to measure the level of anxiety and depression, shows to be needed.

Background and Aim: Antibacterial effects of Artemisia plant and algae have been confirmed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of antibiotics, Spirulina blue-green algae and Artemisa aucheri leaf extracts on multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: Disk and well diffusion method, the growth minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were used to evaluate antibacterial effects. Using SPPS 16 soaftware, data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Bonferroni test (p≤0.001). Results: The MIC and MBC for amikacin, colicitin, ceftazidime were 4 and for gentamicin and nalidixic acid were 2 and 1 µg/µl, respectively. In disk and well diffusion methods, the highest growth inhibition zones belonged to ethanolic extracts (0.25 mg/ml) of Artemisia and algae. The best MIC and MBC for growth were related to ethanolic extracts of A. aucheri at the concentration of 0.15 mg/ml. The diameter of growth inhibition zone around the bacterium was directly related to the concentrations of Artemisia and Algae extracts (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Considering the beneficial antibacterial effects of Spirulina blue-green algae and A. aucheri which were confirmed in this study, extraction of the active ingredients of medicinal plants is recommended for the mass production of herbal medicines.

Background and Aim: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has made treatment difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial species in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after surgery of paranasal sinuses to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of them. Materials and Methods: The data of 70 patients after paranasal sinuses surgery in Amiralmomenin hospital in Rasht city, in 2018 were evaluated. The identification of bacteria by microbiological laboratory methods and microbial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method. For data analysis, SPSS version 22 software and chi-square test were used (p ≤0.05). Results: 62 (88.57%) positive bacterial culture samples were identified. The most abundant strains was Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.70%). Staphylococcus aureus had the highest antibiotic resistance to penicillin and oxacillin (52.94%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis to penicillin (62.50%). Highest antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was to ceftazidime (90.90%). Escherichia coli was resistant to ceftazidime and ampicillin (100%) and Hafnia alvei was resistant to ceftazidime (100%). Klebsiella aerogenes had higher resistant to ceftazidime and cefixime (100%). With increasing of patient’s age, resistance to antibiotics increased (p ≤0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance was observed in bacterial samples isolated from patients after surgery. Given that antibiotic resistance may cause failure in the treatment. Monitoring of the antibiotic-resistant pattern is necessary to select the appropriate antibiotic.

Background & objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. The polysaccharide adhesion mechanism encoded by the ica operon generates a direct role in biofilm formation and infection of the bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of icaA gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolates isolated from clinical specimens of patients admitted to some clinical centers of Rasht. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from some clinical centers of Rasht in 2019 and confirmatory tests were performed to identify the bacteria. icaA gene identification and its frequency were investigated using molecular methods . The antibiotic resistance pattern against 10 antibiotics and biofilm-forming ability of the isolates were determined using the disk diffusion method and Congo red method respectively. Results: In the present study, among the 100 studied isolates, the highest drug resistance was related to penicillin, and the lowest antibiotic resistance was belonged to ciprofloxacin. 81 isolates (81%) were resistant to methicillin and 37 isolates (37%) had multiple resistance. Of 37 isolates with multiple resistances, 32 isolates (86.48%) had icaA gene and 24 isolates (64.9%) ،had the ability to produce strong biofilms. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus isolates carrying icaA gene with strong biofilm forming ability and resistance to methicillin, were high. This necessitates the need for serious management of antibiotic administration.

Background and Aim: Proliferate potential differentiate into different cell lineages and high self-renewal of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs); thus, they are ideal tools for regenerative medicine. However, a leading problem is an oxidative stress in the target tissue and the apoptosis of transplanted stem cells before tissue repair. The pretreatment of stem cells with antioxidants may make them resistant to oxidative stress. Ginger is the main medicinal plant with antioxidant properties. This study explored the antioxidant effects of ginger extract on bioavailability and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow examined. Methods & Materials: In this study, human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and rat bone marrow were cultured in a DMEM medium with 20% FBS. The explored cells were incubated for 4 and 6 hours for pretreatment with different concentrations of ginger extract (50, 100, 200, & 400 mg/mL); then, they were treated with 200 μM H2O2 for 2 hours. Bioavailability was analyzed by ELISA reader using an MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit into the manufacturer’s protocol at both times. The obtained data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.SHK.REC.1397.028). Results: The MTS results indicated a dose- and time-dependent manner increase in the bioavailability of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal treated stem cells. Ginger extract treatment also dose- and time-dependently decreased the rate of apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Ginger extract, by reducing the oxidative stress in mesenchymal stem cells, elevates their lifespan in the target tissue, and increases the efficiency of these cells in tissue regeneration.

Background and Aim: Identification of the source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as cause of nosocomial infections is an important step towards infection control. The purpose of this study was to perform multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat survey and analysis for typing of P. aeruginosa as a cause of nosocomial infection. Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study included 134 clinical samples of P. aeruginosa in Sanandaj from December 2015 to August 2017. Phenotypic tests and PCR were performed to confirm P. aeruginosa. Molecular typing was carried out by variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), and analysis was performed using a zero-and-one matrix. Using Stata 12, data were analyzed by chi-square and Fisherchr('39')s exact tests (p≤0.05). Results: 41.79% of P. aeruginosa strains were associated with nosocomial infections. The highest number of clinical specimens were related to tracheal (51.78%) and the least number associated with sputum and abdominal fluid (each one1.78%). There was a significant relationship between nosocomial infections and intensive care unit (ICU) (p≤0.05). Also nosocomial infections showed a significant relationship with tracheal samples (p≤0.05). Analysis of 10 strains isolated from nosocomial infections showed 10 patterns with a similarity of 72%. Conclusion: Nosocomial infections were related to P. aeruginosa and we showed epidemiological distributions of this bacterium in our study. Identification of the origin of the bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections is an important step in the prevention and control of these infections.

Introduction: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atherosclerosis, thus the modification of physiological risk factors seems essential to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD). Then PCI patients have to receive multiple drug therapies in an attempt to prevent the recurrence of cardiac events. In spite of the evidence based on medication adherence to prevent post-PCI CAD development, medication adherence is the main concern for health care system. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the medication adherence and its related factors among these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical community was the patients undergoing PCI at medical educational hospital of Dr. Heshmat in Rasht, Iran. 269 patients were selected by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, namely the socio-individual factors, Morisky medication adherence scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and cardiac patient’s self-efficacy scale. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and the significance variables in univariate analysis were examined in a multi logistic regression model through considering co-linearity. Results: The results showed that 75 patients (28%) didn’t adhere to the medication. In addition, the majority of them were reported to have clinical anxiety (44.2%) and mild depression (55.8%). Also, based on the results derived from multiple logistic regressions, only the spouse's educational level and family history of coronary artery disease were significant predictors of medication adherence. Conclusion: The current study findings display lack of complete post-PCI medication adherence, which underscores the importance of the existence of cardiac rehabilitation systems in the society. Therefore, it is recommended that cardiac rehabilitation centers be built in the society.

Introdution:. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a type of thyroid gland malignancy that originates from the anaplastic cells of this gland. This kind of malignancy is highly invasive and patients have a poor response to treatment. In this study, the effect of curcumin on apoptosis and p53 and PARP genes expression of the human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line (SW-1736) examined. Curcumin is a major active ingredient in the rhizome of a Curcuma longa that has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptosis effects. Methods: The experimental study was carried out in October, 2016 at the Cellular and Developmental Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch.SW-1736 cells with different concentrations of curcumin (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μM) to examine apoptosis and 2.5, 5 and 10 μM concentrations to examine the expression of genes P53 and PARP were incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Then, apoptosis was analyzed by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit and the expression of p53 and PARP genes were analyzed by Real Time PCR. Results: The results of this study indicated that with increasing concentration of curcumin in dose and time dependent manner, induction of apoptosis in this cell line increased. Also, treatment with curcumin increased the expression of p53 and PARP genes in some experimental groups compared to the control group. (P=.032) Conclusion: Curcumin has an inhibitory effect on the growth, proliferation and invasion of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells through induction of genes involved in apoptosis process. Therefore, it seems that there is a good research field for the use of Curcuma longa in the control and treatment of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Context. Opioid prescriptions from the emergency department (ED) have gradually increased over the last 20 years. Mounting evidence of the potential for abuse of these drugs, even after a transient ED encounter, has fueled a push to curtail the prescriptions of opioids from the ED. Objectives. It is important to analyze the types of etiologies and provider demographics that drive opioid prescription in our emergency departments. Our study aimed to determine which patients in the ED are receiving opioid prescriptions, as well as their strength and quantity. Secondary outcomes included identifying difference in prescribing between provider classes. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary care university-based, level-one trauma ED from November 2017 to October 2018. We identified and analyzed data from 2,259 patients who were sent home with an opioid prescription. We retrieved patient and provider demographics, diagnosis, etiologies, and prescription information. Results. The mean age of a patient receiving an opioid prescription was 45, and 72.7% of patients were white. The most common diagnosis groups associated with an opioid prescription were abdominal pain (18.5%), nonfracture extremity pain (18.4%), and back/neck pain (12.5%). Hydrocodone-acetaminophen 5–325 mg was the most commonly prescribed (67.4%). The median total prescribed milligram morphine equivalent (MME) was highest for extremity fracture (75.0; IQR 54.0–100.0). The median total prescribed amount of pills was highest for patients with extremity fractures (15.0; IQR 12.0–20.0). Conclusions. Our study elucidates the prescribing patterns of an academic level 1 trauma center and should pave the way for future studies looking to maximize effectiveness at ways to curb ED opioid prescription.

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infections occur through the colonization of microbes in the urinary tract. One of the major challenges in the antibacterial treatment of these infections is an increase in antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial agents causing urinary infections and its antibiotic resistance patterns in patients referred to Shohada hospital in Khorramabad. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 740 bacterial isolates were isolated and detected from urinary culture in Shohada Hospital of Khorramabad during one year (2016-2017). Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was measured by disc diffusion method. Results were analyzed using STATA-12 software. Results: The highest isolate was Escherichia coli (61.43%) and the least frequent was related to Citrobacer (0.27%). Isolated Escherichia coli had most resistance to nalidixic acid (54.18%). Isolates that picked up in different parts of the hospital showed the highest resistance to cotrimoxazole. Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance is high in isolates that picked up from urine culture of patients. Since, distribution of antibiotic resistance is variable in different regions and periods of time, periodic monitoring of antibiotic resistance is recommended to control the infection.

Introduction: In this study, the effects of the ethanolic extract of aerial parts (stem and leaves) of Smyrnium cordifolium (S. cordifolium) Boiss on the ethylene glycol(EG)-induced kidney calculi in rats was investigated. Materials and methods: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided in 6 groups. Group I (normal control), Groups II (control of EG) to VI received EG 1% v/v in water for 28 days. Animals in Groups III and IV (preventive groups) received ethanolic extract of stem and leaves of S. cordifolium in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally in water for 28 days, respectively. Groups V and VI (treatment groups) received extract in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally in water from 15th to 28th day, respectively. Results: Results showed that the level of urine oxalate, blood urea and creatinine in EG group vs. normal control significantly increased (P

Background and Objectives: Candida albicans (C. albicans) as an opportunistic pathogen, can causes cutaneous and mucosal infections. Antibiotic treatments for this fungus have multiple adverse effects and cause drug resistance. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Artemisia sieberi (A. sieberi), was investigated on growth of Candida albicans. Methods: In this experimental study, aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from A. sieberi using percolation method. Using disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), were assessed to evaluate the antifungal effects of these extracts on C. albicans in vitro. Results: C. albicans, was resistant to hydroalcoholic extracts in the disk diffusion method and grew around the disks containing the extracts. The MIC of aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts, were determined to be 6250, 3125, and 6250µg/ml, respectively, and MFC of these three extracts, were determined 12500, 6250, and 12500µg/ml, respectively. In the MIC and MFC method, ethanolic extracts had higher antifungal activity. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, different extracts of A. sieberi affect C. albicans growth and prevent its growth. Thus, more

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The surgical site infection is one of the most common complications after orthopedic surgeries, which is associated with significant complications and mortality. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of SSI and the associated factors in traumatic patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 516 patients with hip and knee trauma and femoral fracture who underwent orthopedic surgeries in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol during a five-year period. The demographic and surgical information were collected and then analyzed. FINDINGS: SSI was observed in 88 patients (17.1%). The mean age in the infected and non-infected patients was 43.11±19.08 and 39.22±9.54 years old, respectively (p=0.014). The duration of hospitalization was 17.59±6.23 days in the infected group and 13.08±5.77 days in the non-infected group (p

Background: Breast cancer is a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells that lining the ducts or lobules of the breast. Breast cancer is the second common cancer (after lung cancer) in women. Gallic acid, being a polyphenols, has been reported for its antiproliferative activity against many cancer cell lines. Objective of the present study is effect of gallic acid on proliferation and apoptosis of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines SKBR3 and normal fibroblasts cells. Methods: This experimental study was performed in cellular and developmental biology of Shahrekord Islamic Azad University, Iran from April to August 2015. For anti-cancer activity, in this study SKBR3 cells and normal fibroblast cells (HU-02) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, DMEM (Gibco, Life Technologies, Inc., New York, USA) medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, FBS (Gibco, Life Technologies, Inc., New York, USA). The SKBR3 and normal fibroblast cells were treated in the medium of DMEM medium and gallic acid (20, 40, 80, 100 and 200 µg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cells viability was assessed by MTS (Methyl- Thiazol-) assay. Cells were seeded at 5×103 cells/ml in 96 well plates and incubated for 24 hours. Then metabolites of bacteria were added, after indicated times MTS (20µl) was added and the absorbance was measured at 492 nm using ELISA plate reader. The percentage of apoptosis induction was determined by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) kit (BioVision Products, CA, USA) in 20, 40, 80, 100 and 200 µg/ml concentration of gallic acid at 48 hours incubation. Results: Gallic acid decreases significantly the viability of SKBR3 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner. So that the most effective concentration of this substance was 200 µg/ml and 72 hours after treatment (P< 0.05). According to the data of Annexin-PI, the highest apoptosis induction rate was seen in 200 µg/ml (P< 0.05). While gallic acid in various concentrations had no significant effect on normal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Objective of the present study is effect of gallic acid on proliferation and apoptosis of the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines SKBR3 and normal fibroblasts cells.

Introduction: Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) is a family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Drug resistant in M. tuberculosis LAM family is a major problem in the world population. Our objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of M. tuberculosis LAM family with multi-drug resistant (MDR) in the worldwide by a meta-analysis and systematic review. Materials and methods: Data sources of this study were 68 original articles (2001-2012) which were published in different databases. Research articles with full text in English were selected. Review articles, congress abstracts, studies that were reported in languages other than English and also studies that were not available for us in abstract or full text were excluded. Data that were obtained from prevalence and occurrence rate of MDR M. tuberculosis LAM family were analyzed using meta-analysis random effects models with software package Meta R, Version 2.13 (P < 0.10). Results: During 10 years, lowest rate of prevalence was observed in 2010 and 2006 (95% CI: 5.91%-6.95%) and highest prevalence rate was in 2006 (95% CI: 17.48%- 24.05%). prevalence of MDR- M. tuberculosis analysis showed positive MDR between them (95% CI: 10.30%-11.23%). Prevalence for negative MDR was 9.22% (95% CI: 8.3%- 10.2%). Conclusion: Our study showed that M. tuberculosis LAM family is prevalent in Europian countries. LAM sub lineage was a major focus of studies that carried out in different countries. The proper technique for prevention of transmission of M. tuberculosis is necessary.

Introduction: Breast cancer remains the prominent cause of mortality in women. Several biomarkers are used to evaluation the response and targeting to therapy. Tumor suppressor candidate 1 (TUSC1) gene was newly identified as a probable tumor suppressor in human cancers. Nevertheless, the expression and potential function of TUSC1 in breast cancer stay undecided. Therefore, this study aimed the evaluation of TUSC1 gene expression in breast tumor samples. Methods: In this case-control study, 40 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumoral of breast cancer and 40 healthy tissues were enrolled. Followed were informed consent and completing clinical information for all samples. Total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized. The relative gene expression was determined using quantitative real-time RT PCR (qRT-PCR) and evaluated by method. Results: The expression of TUSC1 gene was lower in tumor tissue compared to the healthy tissue adjacent and it was statistically significant (P =0.0003). Also, in metastatic state gene expression significantly decreased (P=0.027). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the expression of TUSC1 is lower in breast cancer. Subsequently, using considering all the data about the expression of TUSC1 gene from some cancers (e.g. Lung, Hepatocellular and gastric), it could be suggested that the TUSC1 gene might act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and influenced in metastasis. Therefore, supplementary studies should be done to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of the gene in tumor-genesis

Background: Breast cancer is a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells that lining the ducts or lobules of the breast. It is the second common cancer, after lung cancer in women. Since growth inhibition is an important strategy in cancer treatment, many attempts are in program to find new apoptotic inducer agents. Today there is some reports about effect of metabolites of Pseudomonas on cancer cells, hence, metabolites of Pseudomonas sp. UW4, were isolated and anti-cancer and anti-microbial activity of these metabolites was studied. Methods: This experimental study was performed in cellular and developmental biology of Shahrekord Islamic Azad University from April 2015 to August 2015. Anti-microbial activity of metabolites of Pseudomonas sp. UW4 was tested against a pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. For anti-cancer activity, in this study SKBR3 cells and normal fibroblast cells (HU-02) were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were treated by various concentrations of these metabolites 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTS assay. Cells were seeded at 5×103 cells/ml in 96 well plates and incubated for 24 hr. Then metabolites of bacteria were added, after indicated times MTS (20 µl) was added and the absorbance was measured at 492 nm using ELISA plate reader. Results: Pseudomonas sp. UW4 was able to produce antimicrobial metabolites against Staphylococcus aureus. Metabolites decreases the viability of SKBR3 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner, so that the most effective concentration of this substance was 20 mg/ml and 72 h after treatment (P< 0.01). While Pseudomonas sp. UW4 in various concentrations had no significant effect on normal fibroblast cells (P= 0.24). Conclusion: Bioactive compounds produced by of Pseudomonas sp. UW4 could be used for elimination of infections and treatment of breast cancer SK-BR3.

مقدمه: سرطان مری، ششمین سرطان منجر به مرگ در دنیا می‌باشد. اگر چه بروز این بیماری در سه دهه‌ی گذشته در ایران رو به کاهش بوده است، اما همچنان ششمین سرطان شایع در کشور می‌باشد. ژن TOX3 به خانواده‌ای بزرگ و متنوع از پروتئین‌های HMG-box تعلق دارد که روی کروموزوم 16q12 قرار گرفته است. مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف مقایسه‌ی بیان ژن TOX3 در بافت پارافینه‌ی سرطانی و غیر توموری مری انجام شد. روش‌ها: این مطالعه ، یک مطالعه‌ی مورد- شاهدی بود که بر روی تعداد 40 نمونه از بافت پارافینه‌ی سرطانی مری و بافت سالم آن انجام شد. نمونه‌ها از بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان امام خمینی (ره) اهواز در سال‌های 89-1384 جمع‌آوری گردید. RNA تام استخراج شد و پس از سنتز complementary DNA (cDNA)، سطوح بیان نسبی این ژن‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) و به روش 2-ΔΔCT تعیین شد. یافته‌ها: میزان بیان ژن TOX3 در بافت‌های توموری مری نسبت به بافت‌های غیر توموری کاهش بیان داشت؛ هر چند که از نظر آماری، معنی‌‌دار نبود (10/0 < P). نتیجه‌گیری: در سرطان مری سنگفرشی، بیان ژن TOX3 در بافت‌های توموری مری نسبت به بافت‌های سالم کاهش می‌یابد. از این رو، با در نظر گرفتن کلیه‌ی نتایج بیان اين ژن در منابع مختلف، می‌توان پیشنهاد نمود که ممکن است ژن TOX3 در سرطان مری به عنوان یک مهار کننده‌ی تومور عمل نماید. بنابراین، مطالعات بیشتر جهت تعیین دقیق مکانیسم عمل این ژن به عنوان یک مهار کننده‌ی تومور در SCC مورد نیاز است.

Introduction: Hypophosphatemia is a common disorder in critically ill patients, and is associated with myasthenia, especially in respiratory muscles, and respiratory infections. This study was conducted to describe the prevalence of hypophosphatemia in children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Children’s Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, in 2014-2015. Methods: In this descriptive study, medical records of all children admitted to the PICU of the children’s university hospital affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were collected from archives of the hospital from 2014-2015 upon adopting permission. The medical records were examined in terms of demographic information, clinical diagnosis of the disease, serum phosphate level, nutritional status, therapeutic interventions, and other underlying specifications. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive tests. Results: Of the 83 eligible medical records, 45 records belonged to boys, and 38 records belonged to girls. The most prevalent and the least prevalent diseases in these children were acute pulmonary disease (57.8%) and septic shock (1.2%) respectively. Regarding the nutritional status, 38.6% of the children suffered malnutrition. Phosphorus deficiency was prevalent in the first day in 10.8% of the children, and abnormal levels of phosphorus were observed from the fourth to the sixth day in 26.5% of the children, which increased to 34.9% from the seventh to the tenth day. Conclusion: This study showed no statistically significant correlation between sex and prevalence of hypophosphatemia. Type of disease was not significantly associated with the level of phosphorus. Moreover, the patients’ nutritional status was not significantly associated with the prevalence of hypophosphatemia.

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance survey in Gram-negative bacteria has an important role in the management of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients and determination of contamination rate of different wards of hospital to these bacteria. Methods: Information of 3242 patients from hospital information system of Toohid and Besat hospitals of Sanandaj city in 2013-2014 years was studied. Identification of bacteria using microbiology laboratory methods and antimicrobial susceptibility test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards using disk diffusion method were performed. For data analysis, SPSS-16 software and chi square (X2) and independent t-test was used. Results: The number of 2289 (70.60%) of Gram negative bacteria were isolated in this research that 51.46% of Escherichia coli isolates, 43.47% Klebsiella, 44.28% Enterobacter, 58.99% Pseudomonas and 33.33% Morganella showed most resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In 76.06% of Acinetobacter isolates, 53.26% Serratia, 73.33% Shigella and 76.92% Citrobacter, most resistance was to cefotaxime, tetracycline, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, and ceftriaxone, respectively. Most gram negative bacteria were isolated from women’s ward (625 isolates). A statistically significant association between age of the patient and of antibiotic resistance was observed (P

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori) are a most common infection throughout the world. A high prevalence of H.Pylori infection has recently been reported in diabetic patients; but data on relation between H.Pylori and glycemic control (HbA1C level) are not enough and are controversial. This study aimed to investigate this relation in diabetic patients referred to endocrine clinics of Shaheed Labafinegad and Shohada Tajrish hospitals between years of 1386-87. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental (before-after) study, it was done on 61 type II DM patients with or without dyspepsia symptoms that HP Infection identified by serologic test (IgG Anti H. Pylori) and then all patients were treated with Quadriple therapy (Bismuth, Metronidazole, Tetracycline, Omeperazole). HbA1C was measured before eradication H.Pylori and 2month after eradication H.Pylori. Eradication of H.Pylori infection was documented by UBT (Urea Breath test). Mean of HbA1C level before and after H.Pylori eradication was compared by SPSS and paired T Test. Results: In this study mean age was 52.4 ± 10.04 years. The number of male was 39 (63.9%) and female was 22(36.1%) duration of diabetes was 8.7 ± 5.5 years. H.Pylori infection was eradicated in all of the patients (100%). Mean of HbA1C level before eradication was 8.6 ± 1.2 and after eradication was 7.9 ± 1.2; and their difference was 0.7 that is statistically were significant (p

Background & Objective: Campylobacter can be transmitted through the raw milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter genus and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) species in raw milk samples. Materials & Methods: In this study, 72 samples of raw milk were collected of the platforms milk in the Amol city in summer. Phenotypic identification of Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species using microbiology laboratory methods and molecular identification of this bacterium using Multiplex- Polymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) were performed. The data was calculated using the SPSS 16.0 software and the Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Results: Among the 72 samples, 13.88% of samples were contaminated with C. jejuni and 2.77% were contaminated with Campylobacter genus. The highest prevalence rate for this bacterium was in July (20.83%) and the lowest prevalence rate was in September (12.5%). The significant difference between the prevalence of the Campylobacter genus and C. jejuni species in raw milk samples in various months of summer was not observed (p = 0.07). Conclusion: This study showed the raw milk contamination with Campylobacter, and thereby the sanitation in the dairy food production places and the use of fast and accurate method to identify this bacterium is important.

Introduction: The aim was to determine whether secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2) activity and fatty acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are correlated with liver enzymes tests. Methods: CSF and serum samples were collected from 49 patients (age 18-65) as part of routine diagnostic testing. Along with serum liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the fatty acid composition of CSF was measured by gas liquid chromatography. CSF enzyme activities of sPLA2 were measured using the standard assay with diheptanoyl thio-phosphatidylcholin as substrate. Results: The saturated fatty acids (SFAs) including palmitic acid and stearic acid were positively, and the unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with liver enzymes tests. In regression analysis with adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the elevated liver enzymes tests were positively associated with activity of sPLA2 (β > 0.31, P < 0.050) and total SFAs (β > 0.38, P < 0.010) and negatively with total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (β < -0.40, P < 0.001) contents of CSF. Conclusion: CSF activity of sPLA2 and fatty acids may be linked to peripheral markers of liver function, suggesting an indirect impact of central fatty acids on hepatocytes function and metabolism.

Neural crest cells, as vertebrate-specific multipotent migratory stem cells, play a vital role in development of many embryonic organs. These cells dispart from the dorsal part of developing neural tube and then, migrate to different parts of the body, contributing to the formation of verity structures. In the head region of vertebrate, a population of neural crest cells migrates to the pharyngeal arch and periocular mesenchyme and makes critical contribution to the developing ear and eye. Understanding the contribution of neural crest cells in formation of these important sense organs is relevant both for basic science knowledge and human clinical concern. As there was no comprehensive review on neural crest cells function in ear and eye developing, we aimed to review the studies on the role of neural crest cells in development and formation of ear and eye.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global disease that severely affects a patient's respiratory system and requires respiratory supports through mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The disease has also had effects on the pediatric community, even though its symptoms are found to be milder in children. In this study, an 8-year-old child's health management report, infected with COVID-19, is presented. The patient had a critically ill condition without a previous history of respiratory disease and underwent mechanical ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). After performing the treatment protocols, the patient was discharged from the intensive care unit after 12 days with a good condition, without any side effects.

Introduction: Pelvic masses are among most the common causes of patient admission into gynecology clinics and one of the most common reasons for referral to gynecologic oncology departments due to the risk of uterine or ovarian malignancies. The aim of this study is to compare the four indices of the risk of malignancy index (RMI 1-4), as a combination of menstrual status, radiological findings, and serum CA125 concentration, for discrimination of benign from malignant pelvic masses. Methods: This retrospective descriptive and analytic study was conducted on 200 patients with pelvic mass, post-surgery, and who were referred to the oncology department in Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd (Iran) between June 2007 and September 2011. Data regarding demographics, pathology reports, paraclinical and clinical tests were analyzed. The four RMI indices were separately used for determination of benign vs. malignant masses using the optimized cutoff points, ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive and negative, and accuracy. Finally, p value for each index was calculated, and a final discrimination power was measured by using SPSS version 17 software. Results: The calculated p values in the four RMI indices in ultrasound findings indicated statistical significance, and the RMI 2 showed the highest level of accuracy or diagnostic performance. RMI 2 had a cutoff point of 90, an under-chart area 86.7, 79.36% sensitivity, 78.95% specificity, 58.44%, positive predictive value, 90.08% negative predictive value, and 78.93% accuracy, and a p value of 0.004. However, this relationship was found not to be meaningful using CT scan images. Conclusions: Using RMI 2 for differentiation of malignant from benign pelvic masses is a reliable method with ultrasound findings.

Introduction: It has been suggested that a cesarean section increases risk of developing asthma due to lack of exposure to maternal microflora during birth. To investigate the association between the mode of delivery and the risk of asthma in children aged 5-14 years in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 233 (case = 81, control = 152) children aged 5-14 years referred to outpatient clinics of Tabriz Children’s Hospital and Sheikhorrais Clinic in 2014. Clinical asthma diagnosis was done according to Global Initiative for Asthma Criteria. A questionnaire was administered to obtain a demographic, environmental, and clinical history. Age-sex frequency matching with cases was carried out during sampling for controlling of possible cofounding effects of age and sex for asthma. Results: Of 233 children, 53.6% of them were male (case group = 54.3% and control group = 53.3%). Over half (54.5%), the participants had been delivered by caesarian section. Cases were not significantly more likely to have been delivered by caesarian section as compared to controls [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-1.42]. However, more frequent episodes of common cold [b = 0.094; standard error (SE) (b) = 0.031, P < 0.001], birth order (second born children compared to firstborns) (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.18-5.46), high maternal education levels: 12 years (AOR = 3.76; 95% CI = 1.10-12.9), collegiate (AOR = 6.12; 95% CI = 1.43-26.20), and intra-family marriage (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI = 1.21-6.89) were associated with childhood asthma. Conclusion: Delivery mode was not associated with risk of developing childhood asthma in our study. Intra-family marriage increased the odds of childhood asthma. Further study on the relationship between maternal education and the odds of asthma is proposed.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the important factors for nosocomial infections, particularly in patients with impaired immune systems and children. Carbapenems resistance, due to the presence of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes encoding enzymes, is considered as a serious threat. This study aimed to detect metallo-beta-lactamase genes encoding enzymes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from non-hospitalized patients and to assess its antibiotic resistance. Methods: Fifty strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated and antibiogram test was investigated with 7 different antibiotics. For 8 imipenem-resistant strains, phenotypic testing was performed via double disk synergy test (DDST) and combine disk methods. Finally, to confirm phenotypic methods, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was performed for detection of target genes. Findings: According to the results of the antibiogram test, 16% of the samples were resistant to imipenem and 8% to meropenem or ceftizoxime. DDST and Combine disk methods did not found any beta-lactamase positive strain. Results of phenotypic methods were confirmed via multiplex PCR and no metallo-beta-lactamase specimen was identified. Conclusion: According to the study, meropenem and ceftizoxime are good alternative medicines for imipenem. As appropriate phenotypic and molecular methods showed, the metallo-beta-lactamase genes were not prevalent in non-hospitalized patients.

مقدمه: کشت و تکثیر سلول‌های شبه استخوانی، با هدف استفاده در مطالعات پژوهشی و درمانی همواره از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. در این‌ بین، مطالعات نشان داده است که کشت سلول‌ها در یک محیط سه ‌بعدی با هندسه‌ی مهندسی ‌شده، در مقایسه با کشت در محیط دو بعدی، اثرات بهتری بر روی سلول‌ها دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ساخت و ارزیابی داربستی با ویژگی‌های مناسب، برای کشت سه‌ بعدی سلول‌های شبه استخوانی بود. روش‌ها: داربست ابریشم- کیتوسان به روش خشکاندن انجمادی تهیه گردید. ساختار داربست‌ها با استفاده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی بررسی شد. خواص مکانیکی داربست‌ها توسط تست فشار و تخریب پذیری داربست‌ها با ارزیابی درصد کاهش وزن آن‌ها در محلول Phosphate buffer salin سنجیده شد. تأثیر جزء ابریشمی داربست بر روی درصد بقای سلولی با استفاده از آزمون MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] و چسبندگی سلولی با کشت سلول‌های شبه استخوانی 63MG بر روی بستر ابریشمی ارزیابی شد. یافته‌ها: تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی- روبشی، وجود تخلخل‌های سطحی مناسب برای نفوذ سلول به داخل ساختار داربست و به هم‌پیوستگی مناسب تخلخل‌ها برای انتقال متابولیت‌ها و سیگنال‌های شیمیایی را نشان داد. متوسط قطر تخلخل‌های سطحی داربست‌ها، 75/46 ± 90/200 میکرومتر به دست آمد که این اندازه، در مقایسه با میانگین قطر سلول‌ها (95 میکرومتر)، بسیار بزرگ‌تر بود. خواص مکانیکی داربست برای استفاده به ‌عنوان ابزار کشت سه ‌بعدی سلول مناسب بود؛ به طوری که میانگین مدول فشاری داربست‌ها 8/0 ± 6/0 مگاپاسکال به دست آمد. همچنین، نتایج تست تخریب پذیری نشان داد که میزان تخریب داربست‌ها با افزایش درصد وزنی جزء کیتوسان افزایش می‌یابد. نتایج آزمون MTT و کشت سلولی، نشان داد ابریشم استفاده‌ شده در ساختار داربست‌های کامپوزیتی برای سلول‌ها سمیت ندارد و سلول‌ها توانایی چسبیدن به سطح ابریشم را دارند. نتیجه‌گیری: داربست ابریشم- کیتوسان ساخته ‌شده به روش خشکاندن انجمادی، می‌تواند ابزاری مناسب برای کشت سه ‌بعدی سلول‌های شبه استخوانی باشد.

Background: The safest way to reduce mycotoxins in contaminated foods with it it is using certain strains of various microbes. Aim of this study is biological reduction of aflatoxin B1 by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) in wheat flour samples that were collected in Chaloos city (Mazandaran province, North Iran). Material and Methods: Aflatoxin B1 contamination was measured by ELISA method in 22 samples of wheat flour. Then S. cerevisiae was added to primary wheat flour. After 48 h aflatoxin B1 contamination in samples were measured by ELISA, again. For statistical analysis, the statistical software SPSS18 and t-test was used. Results: all 22 samples of wheat flour were contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The minimum and maximum levels of aflatoxin B1 in primary wheat flour were 1.1 and 10.6 ppb, respectively. S. cerevisiae reduced the amount of aflatoxin B1 in wheat flour samples. Minimum and maximum amount of aflatoxin contamination after adding S. cerevisiae was 0.5 and 9.1 ppb, respectively. Conclusion: Inhibitory effect of S. cerevisiae and aflatoxin B1 reduction in wheat flour was proved in this study. Therefore we can be hoped that yeast S. cerevisiae as neutralizing agents can be used in flour for this toxin. Consumption of products that contaminated with aflatoxin B1 endangers consumers' health, thus reducing of this toxin in the food should be considered.

Background: Improper use of antibiotics in the past decades has lead to appearance of strains which are resistant to methicillin and vancomycin . Hospital personnel are the major source of infection and transmission of this bacterium. The aim this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of to S.aureus isolated from personnel of Shiraz hospitals. Material and Methods: In this cross - sectional study in 1391,a total of 591 samples were collected from anterior nose of health care and health service workers of Shiraz hospitals. After identification of Staphylococcus aureus by biochemical and microbiological tests, antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were investigated by disk diffusion method (CLSI) for 13 antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for vancomycin ,ticoplanin, linezolid and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin were assayed by E-test method (Liofilechem, Itly). Results: In this study14.6% of people were carriers of Staphylococcus aureus in their nose. 74% were health care workers and 26% were health service personnel. There was not statistically significant relation between being a nasal carrier with different jobs, wards or sex of personnel (p>0.05). The lowest resistance was seen for vancomycin, tiecoplanin, linezolid and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (95.3%) and the high resistant antibiotic were amoxicillin and ampicillin (3.5%). In E-test method only two isolate was resistant to vancomycin. Only two strains were resistant to vancomycin in E-test method. Conclusion: As 14.6% of personnel in this study were carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and the isolates were resistant to most common antibiotics, thus determination of antibiotic resistance patterns for these resistant strains from hospital personnel can prevent nosocomial infections.