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Impaired fasting glucose identifies individuals at high risk of progression to diabetes but the role of IFG as a coronary artery disease risk factor, independent of its progression to diabetes and its association with other coronary artery disease risk factors ,is unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that impaired fasting glucose increased the likelihood of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Blood chemistry data as well as traditional coronary artery disease risk factors from 812 patients referred for coronary angiography to heart centers in Shahid- Chamran and Sina hospital, Isfahan, Iran were recorded. The population were stratified into three groups according to American Diabetes Association criteria: normal fasting glucose (n=608), impaired fasting glucose(n=92) and diabetes mellitus(n=112).We use extent, Vessel and stenosis scores to indicate the coronary artery involvement. KrusKal-Wallis test showed that the means of extent, Vessel and stenosis scores are not significantly different between three groups(P> 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis, using extent score of coronary artery disease as dependent variable and traditional risk factors and impaired fasting glucose as independent variables did not show any significant difference either. Our data suggested that impaired fasting glucose is not associated with increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis.

Impaired fasting glucose identifies individuals at high risk of progression to diabetes but the role of IFG as a coronary artery disease risk factor, independent of its progression to diabetes and its association with other coronary artery disease risk factors ,is unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that impaired fasting glucose increased the likelihood of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Blood chemistry data as well as traditional coronary artery disease risk factors from 812 patients referred for coronary angiography to heart centers in Shahid- Chamran and Sina hospital, Isfahan, Iran were recorded. The population were stratified into three groups according to American Diabetes Association criteria: normal fasting glucose (n=608), impaired fasting glucose(n=92) and diabetes mellitus(n=112).We use extent, Vessel and stenosis scores to indicate the coronary artery involvement. KrusKal-Wallis test showed that the means of extent, Vessel and stenosis scores are not significantly different between three groups(P> 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis, using extent score of coronary artery disease as dependent variable and traditional risk factors and impaired fasting glucose as independent variables did not show any significant difference either. Our data suggested that impaired fasting glucose is not associated with increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis.

Background and Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapy drug that has destructive effects on body tissues, including the male reproductive system. Since coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant that can reduce its destructive effects to some extent, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of the simultaneous use of methotrexate and coenzyme Q10 on testis tissue structure and sperm parameters in male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male NMRI mice were divided into four groups of six: the control group received 0.2 ml of distilled water intraperitoneally, the MTX group received 20 mg/kg methotrexate once a week intraperitoneally, the CoEnQ10 group received coenzyme Q10 orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg three times a week, and the MTX+CoEnQ10 group, in addition to receiving methotrexate 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a week, also received coenzyme Q10 orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg three times a week. All groups were treated for five weeks. After sacrificing the animals, epididymal cauda and testis tissue were sampled and analyzed respectively in order to check sperm parameters and histomorphometry changes and the process of spermatogenesis. Findings: After treatment with MTX, viability, motility, tubule differentiation index, spermatic index, sperm repopulation index, mean seminiferous tubules diameter, seminiferous tubules lumen diameter, and germinal epithelium height decreased significantly compared to the control group (p

Introduction: Using the adequate and standardized educational facilities and spaces can ensure effective educational program. The purpose of the current study was developing basic educational standards for master's degree program in 'nursing neonatal intensive care'. Methods: This study is a descriptive study used Delphi approach to conduct with the participation of 40 experts in nursing neonatal intensive care from all over Iran in 2014. The study population consisted of neonatologists and medical professionals, administrators of educational department, faculties of pediatrics department, head nurses of neonatal intensive care unit, students and graduates of course in nursing neonatal intensive care were selected purposively. Firstly, the educational standards (24 items) were gathered with extensive review and secondly, experts commented to questionnaire in three rounds. The first and second rounds were performed in a meeting with participation of 20 experts from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and the third round was performance through sending emails to 40 experts from all over Iran. Results: In the third round, 10 basic education standards for students of master's degree program in 'nursing neonatal intensive care' unit have been agreed. The standards included theoretical training classes, equipped center for clinical skills, educational workshops, evidence-based learning environment, sufficient number of beds for neonatal intensive care unit, specialized books/ study hall school and hospital, wireless Internet, shared databases, and research approved process. Conclusion: These findings can be used to evaluate the educational resources in schools, which had courses of sciences degrees and it can be a good pattern for the standardization of other majors.

Background and Objectives: 25-50 percent of all patients who are visited by GPs, have complains that are not medically explained. Their management is a challenge for GPs. In homeopathy (a method of alternative medicine) these symptoms are important for selection of remedies and in an effort to treat them. This study aimed at describing this existing situation by investigating the frequency of such complaints in the patients under study. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Isfahan in 2008 on 240 Patients who were visited in some of the clinics affiliated to Isfahan university of medical sciences. The patients were selected by convenient method. Data were gathered by the questionnaire and analyzed via SPSS 13.5 software using Chi-Square test. Results: Out of 240 patients, 150 were women (%65.4) and 90 were men(34.6%). 75.4 percent were 20-40 years old. 1.7 percent had no symptoms, 31.3 had 1-5 symptoms and 40.8 percent had 6-10 symptoms. The females had more symptoms than males. Symptoms of mind, GI, sleep and miscellaneous ones were 81.3, 80.4, 72.1 and 87.1 percent, respectively. The most frequent symptoms in each group were intrusive thought, salivation in sleep, waking frequently and dyspnea wearing tight collared clothes. Only 10.97 percent of patient referred to the physicians for these symptoms. Conclusion : The symptoms registered in homeopathy references have notable prevalence in the society but most of people with such symptoms will not go to a doctor for examination and treatment Therefore, it is very important to carry out more research regarding these symptoms. General population should receive more information and physicians, in turn, should use appropriate methods of therapy for treating these patients.

Introduction: Honey has been one of the most complete and a delicious edible since ages and there has been a special consideration towards it in Islam. In the Holy Quran, there is a full chapter named “The Bee (Nahl)” and there is a verse in it as follows: “And your lord revealed to the bee saying make hives in the mountains and in the trees and in what they build, then eat of all of fruits and walk in the ways of your lord submissively. There comes forth from within it a beverage of many colors, in which there is healing for men, most surely there is a sign in this for a people who reflect.” (2) Honey has been used traditionally in medicine throughout history, for healing chronic wounds resistant to antibiotics and various kinds of burns. Because honey has low humidity, high osmotic pressure and pH, it causes stasis of growth of infectious agents and a sterile layer on sorts. A former survey showed that honey contains 20 types of sugars, 8 types of vitamins, 11 types of mineral substances,16 types of amino acids, a large of enzymes and so on. In this study we surveyed the properties of honey from the Islamic point of view and its effects on cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds in BALB/c rats in the laboratory. Methods: Sufficient natural honey from Golpayegan, a city in Isfahan province renown for its natural, good quality honey and ointment Paramo-U (made in Iran) were obtained. 30 BALB/c mice were infected with the parasiteLeishmania(L)major[MRHO/IR/75/ER] (Parasitology Dept on Faculty Medicine in Tarbiat Modares University). They were divided into three groups Honey study group, Negative and Positive groups and as soon as the Leishmania lesion was obvious, weight of the mice and size of the lesion were measured in all by using Scale and Coliss(Mettler,Switzerland)weekly until the death of the last mouse in the Negative control group. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean weight of the mice that received honey was not significantly different from the mean weight of the mice in the negative and positive groups. (p>0.05). But the mean wound size in the mice that received honey was significantly different from the mean wound measurement in the negative and positive controls groups (p=0.0001). Conclusion: When BALB/c mice are infected with Rural Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Leishmania(L) major [MRHO/IR/75/ER], it results in gradual loss of weight and increase in the size of the cutaneous lesion. If not treated, it develops into visceral leishmaniasis and ultimately death of the animal. Use of honey did not affect the weight significantly, but showed a significant decrease in the size of the lesions.