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1. Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Xiao-Dong Zhou, Qin-Fen Chen, Wah Yang, Mauricio Zuluaga, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. Byrne, Luca Valenti, Fei Luo, Christos S. Katsouras, Omar Thaher, Anoop Misra, Karim Ataya, Rodolfo J. Oviedo, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Khalid Alswat, Amedeo Lonardo, Yu Jun Wong, Adam Abu-Abeid, Hazem Al Momani, Arshad Ali, Gabriel Alejandro Molina, Olivia Szepietowski, Nozim Adxamovich Jumaev, Mehmet Celal Kızılkaya, Octavio Viveiros, Carlos Jesus Toro-Huamanchumo, Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok, Oral Ospanov, Syed Imran Abbas, Andrew Gerard Robertson, Yasser Fouad, Christos S. Mantzoros, Huijie Zhang, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Silvia Sookoian, Wah-Kheong Chan, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Leon Adams, Ponsiano Ocama, John D. Ryan, Nilanka Perera, Ala I. Sharara, Said A. Al-Busafi, Christopher Kenneth Opio, Manuel Garcia, Michelle Ching Lim-Loo, Elena Ruiz-Úcar, Arun Prasad, Anna Casajoana, Tamer N. Abdelbaki, and Ming-Hua Zheng

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Published
2024
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2. Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Research in context

Author

Xiao-Dong Zhou, Qin-Fen Chen, Wah Yang, Mauricio Zuluaga, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. Byrne, Luca Valenti, Fei Luo, Christos S. Katsouras, Omar Thaher, Anoop Misra, Karim Ataya, Rodolfo J. Oviedo, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Khalid Alswat, Amedeo Lonardo, Yu Jun Wong, Adam Abu-Abeid, Hazem Al Momani, Arshad Ali, Gabriel Alejandro Molina, Olivia Szepietowski, Nozim Adxamovich Jumaev, Mehmet Celal Kızılkaya, Octavio Viveiros, Carlos Jesus Toro-Huamanchumo, Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok, Oral Ospanov, Syed Imran Abbas, Andrew Gerard Robertson, Yasser Fouad, Christos S. Mantzoros, Huijie Zhang, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Silvia Sookoian, Wah-Kheong Chan, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Leon Adams, Ponsiano Ocama, John D. Ryan, Nilanka Perera, Ala I. Sharara, Said A. Al-Busafi, Christopher Kenneth Opio, Manuel Garcia, Michelle Ching Lim-Loo, Elena Ruiz-Úcar, Arun Prasad, Anna Casajoana, Tamer N. Abdelbaki, and Ming-Hua Zheng

Subjects
Obesity, Body mass index, Global Burden of Disease Study, Metabolic risk, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Obesity represents a major global health challenge with important clinical implications. Despite its recognized importance, the global disease burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) remains less well understood. Methods: We systematically analyzed global deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI using the methodology and analytical approaches of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. High BMI was defined as a BMI over 25 kg/m2 for individuals aged ≥20 years. The Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was used as a composite measure to assess the level of socio-economic development across different regions. Subgroup analyses considered age, sex, year, geographical location, and SDI. Findings: From 1990 to 2021, the global deaths and DALYs attributable to high BMI increased more than 2.5-fold for females and males. However, the age-standardized death rates remained stable for females and increased by 15.0% for males. Similarly, the age-standardized DALY rates increased by 21.7% for females and 31.2% for males. In 2021, the six leading causes of high BMI-attributable DALYs were diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, chronic kidney disease, low back pain and stroke. From 1990 to 2021, low-middle SDI countries exhibited the highest annual percentage changes in age-standardized DALY rates, whereas high SDI countries showed the lowest. Interpretation: The worldwide health burden attributable to high BMI has grown significantly between 1990 and 2021. The increasing global rates of high BMI and the associated disease burden highlight the urgent need for regular surveillance and monitoring of BMI. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key R&D Program of China.

Published
2024
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